• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.218-225
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• 2022

For hydrogen-vehicle applications (air pressure control valve housing, APCVH), an investigation was conducted to determine how micro-defects in a high- pressure die-casted Al alloy (industrial code: ALDC12) could be controlled by means of a post-treatment using an organic-based impregnation solution in order to improve the air- tightness of the die-casted Al sample. Two different impregnation solutions were proposed and its test results were compared to a imported product from Japan with respect to the processing variables used. A structural investigation of the components under study was conducted by means of computer tomography and 3D X-ray micro-CT. These observations revealed that the use of the impregnation treatment to seal micro-defects led to highly significant and beneficial changes which were attributed mainly to interconnections among inherent micro-pores. A leak test after impregnation revealed that the performance improvement rate of the die-casted Al sample was ~70% for INNO-01. Therefore, the developed impregnation solutions offer an effective strategy to control the micro-defects found in various vehicle parts via die-casting.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of extruded pellets and raw fish-based pellet on olive flounder Paralichthys. olivaceus. Six diets were prepared for this study: two formulated extruded pellets (FEP1 & FEP2), three commercially available extruded pellets (CEP1, CEP2 & CEP3) and moist pellet (MP). Weight gain offish fed FEP1 and CEP3 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed FEP2, CEP1, CEP2 and MP, while that of fish fed MP was not significantly different (f<0.05) from those of fish fed the FEP2, CEP1 and CEP2. Feed efficiency of fish fed CEP2 was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of fish fed FEP1, FEP2, CEP1, CEP3 and MP. There was no significant difference in protein efficiency ratio and hepatosomatic index between fish fed FEP1 and CEP3, and among fish fed FEP2, CEP1 and CEP2. There was no significant difference in condition factor among fish fed the FEP1 and CEP3, and between fish fed FEP2, CTP1 and MP. However, fish fed MP had a lower survival rate than fish fed the other five EP These results suggest that diet FEPl could be developed to replace MP for the owing stage of flounder without adverse effects on growth performance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.865-872
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• 2014

In this study, ethanol and hot water extracts of lees from Korean traditional wine (J-B, J-S, J-Y, J-H, and J-W) were prepared, and their effects on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and hemolysis of human red blood cells (hRBCs) were investigated to develop functional food ingredients from lees. The pH and brix of the lees ranged from 3.90 to 4.29 and 5.0 to $27.0^{\circ}$, respectively, and there was a huge difference in the water and ethanol content among the lees. The nuruk and additives used affected the color and physicochemical properties of lees. The J-W takju made from only rice and traditional nuruk, which has $13^{\circ}$ brix and 1.8% of alcohol, has potential as functional food ingredient. With regard to the extraction yields of lees, higher yields were obtained from J-H, which contains different medicinal plants, in ethanol, followed by J-W, J-B, J-S, and J-Y. Higher extraction yields of lees were obtained from J-S in hot water, followed by J-B, J-W, J-H, and J-Y, respectively. The ethanol extract of J-H and the hot water extract of J-Y had the highest contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoids among the lees extracts. The 10 lees extracts did not show hemolysis activity against hRBCs up to 5 mg/ml. In an anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extracts of three yakju lees (J-B, J-S, and J-Y) and the hot water extract of J-W inhibited thrombin activity, whereas the hot water extract of J-B, J-S, and J-H inhibited blood coagulation factors. In an antiplatelet aggregation activity assay, only the J-W takju lees showed significant inhibition activity. Our results suggest that lees from traditional wine had high potential as a novel antithrombosis agent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4682-4691
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• 2014

Banhabaekchulchhonma-tang is a traditional Korean herbal prescription with a range of pharmacological activities. In this study, the simultaneous analysis of 12 kinds of marker components, Homogentisic acid, Hesperidin, Naringin, Alisol A, Atractylenolide II, Atractylenolide III, Ginsenoside Rg1, Formononetin, Gastrodin, Berberine, Palmatine and 6-gingerol, in Banhabaekchulchhonma-tang was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The standard sample of commercial $C_{18}$ reversed phase-column using water (0.1% TFA) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with a step gradient elution mode. The flow rate (1.0mL/min), injection volume ($10{\mu}L$) and column oven temperature ($40^{\circ}C$) at a 200, 220, 280 and 340nm wavelength was conducted. All calibration curves of the standard components showed good linearity ($r^2$ >0.999). In addition, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.012 to $0.878{\mu}g/mL$ and 0.009 to $0.290{\mu}g/mL$. The precision intra-day and inter-day were ranged from 0.07 to 1.21% and 0.20 to 0.90%, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 97.17 to 108.40%. Each sample amount showed a very small change. These results highlight the efficient quality evaluation of Banhabaekchulchhonma-tang.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2020

The body color pattern in fish is a distinctive feature for species identification. The blass bloched rockfish Sebastes pachycephalus is a commercially important marine fish species, distributed in the central and southern parts of Korea and south Hokkaido of Japan. It has a morphological feature divided into four subspecies according to with or lacking distinct spots on the body surface, and to the location of markings on the body surface. However, the genetic basis of body color pattern of S. pachycephalus is still unknown. Thus we analyzed the transcriptome of S. pachycephalus skin samples using RNA-seq analysis to investigate functional genes related to body color patterns. The experimental skin samples were prepared by classified into 'Wild type' (lacking distinct spots and markings) and 'Color type' (with distinct spots and marking). Two skin sample transcriptomes were compared pairwise and the results revealed that were 164 differentially expressed unigenes in the skin samples of 'Wild type' and 'Color type'. Gene Ontology analysis of 164 differentially expressed unigenes showed that these genes were included in the functional group of molecular function (2 genes), biological process (46 genes), and cellular component (6 genes). There were several genes that body color type skin specific expression and the genes were CTL (Galactose-specific lectin nattectin), CUL1 (Cullin-1), CMAS (N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase), NMRK2 (Nicotinamide riboside kinase 2), ALOXE3 (Hydroperoxide isomerase ALOXE3), SLC4A7 (sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3). Our study is the first attempt to search for functional genes involved in the formation of body color patterns in S. pachycephalus. The differentially expressed unigenes obtained in this study can be used as candidate genes for functional gene study related to body coloration of fish.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2008

This study was carried to investigate the efficiency of antimicrobial plant extracts as natural preservative in the cosmetic formulations. Ethanol extracts of different plants were tested using the disc diffusion (paper disc) method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method for their antimicrobial activity against the common poultry pathogens. Terminalia chebula and Rhus japonica (gallut) extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Cinnmomum cassia extract exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger while the remaining plant extracts showed no activity. A study of the preservative efficacy of the cosmetic formular containing the T. chebula, R. japonica and C. cassia extracts demonstrated sufficient preservative efficacy against bacteria and eukaryotic test microbes. Also, the cosmetic formulations containing antimicrobial plant extracts more effectively inhibited the microoranisms than the mixture of traditional chemical preservatives. These results suggest that the mixture of antimicrobial plant extracts, T. chebula, R. japonica and C. cassia is incorporated as preservative in the cosmetic formulation and the mixture have considerable effect on its efficacy.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2010

The yeast strains used for fermentation are known to influence the qualities of wine. We investigated the effects of fermentation using different yeast strains on the properties of wine produced from 'Hayward' kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). The physicochemical characteristics of wine produced using various yeast strains for fermentation were also analyzed. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gervin No.5 strain (GVN), S. bayanus Lavin strain EC1118 (EC1118), and S. cerevisiae Red star Davis No. 796 (No.796) are commercial dry yeast strains selected for optimization of fermentation. Although the soluble solid contents of samples fermented by all three yeast strains decreased by a similar extent, the levels of alcohol production differed, particularly during the first week of fermentation. Use of the GVN strain resulted in the highest alcohol concentration (13.8%, v/v), whereas fermentation with No.796 and EC1118 strains yielded alcohol contents of 13.0% and 12.5% (both v/v), respectively. Upon sensory evaluation, GVN-fermented wine had a strong taste and bitterness, with high acid and alcohol contents. Wine fermented using No.796 had a chemical profile similar to that of GVN-fermented product, but the taste remained sweet, consistent with the lower alcohol content. EC1118-fermented wine was soft and sweet in taste, high in flavor, and had a low alcohol content. Total phenolic levels and antioxidant activities in wine fermented by EC1118 were significantly higher than in wines prepared using No.796 or GVN. When previously described characteristics were additionally considered, EC1118 was selected as an optimum strain for further study. In conclusion, fermentation of kiwifruit using different yeast strains yielded wines with distinct characteristics. The yeast strain EC1118 had the most desirable properties, and is considered suitable for kiwifruit fermentation. Valuable attributes of wine fermented by this yeast include overall sensory acceptance, an appropriate level of total phenolics, and good antioxidant activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.10a
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• pp.234-236
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• 1979

인구의 도시집중과 고도산업사회 건설에 필연적으로 수반되는 도시하수 및 산업폐수등은 하천을 심각하게 오염시켜 하천수가 지니고 있는 자정능력 한계를 초과하고 있어 재생될수 없는 상태이므로 수자원의 보호가 요청된다. 이런 상황의 하천오염 증가 추세와 주요 오염원 및 오염물에 대하여 고찰하고 대책에 방향을 제시한다. 먼저 전국의 급수 현황과 장래를 보면 다음과 같다. 한편 수도권 한강수계를 오염시키는 주요 오염원인 폐수를 보면 주거지의 생활하수, 상업행위로 발생되는 폐수와 공장의 산업폐수로 대별할 수 있으며 수도권 한강에 유입 되는 지천 수질을 보면 다음과 같다. 위와 같은 상태의 총폐수량은 280만톤인데 비하여 청계, 중량하수처리장과 서부 북부 동부분뇨처리장의 일일 처리능력은 16.4%에 불과하다. 한편 서울지역 오염원구성비를 보면 다음과 같다. 이런 계속적인 오염물은 1977년 경우 갈수기에 80~100t/sec의 하천유량으로 희석되고 있어 자정능력 한계를 벗어나서 하류의 물은 혼탁하고 용존산소의 고갈현상을 초래하고 있다. 그러므로 도시 하천에서는 수류침체로 인한 하상퇴적을 방지하여 국소적 오염의 심화를 방지하며 유량을 증가 시켜야 한다. 수도권 한강 수계의 수질의 일부는 다음과 같다. 한편 생활수준의 향상과 더불어 수요가 급증되며 처리장의 효율과 하천수의 수질을 악화시키는 합성세제의 총생산량은 1971년에 21000톤이던 것이 1978년에는 약 50,000톤에 이르고 있으며 이중 55~60%가 서울지역에서 소모되는 것으로 추산되어 진다' 결과 한강수에서 검출되는 합성세제의 오염 현황을 보면 다음과 같이 이미 몇개 지점에서는 세계 보건기구의 허용량인 0.5ppm을 초과 하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 오염의 연쇄현상을 나타내는 중금속의 일종인 csduium의 검출 정도를 보면 다음과 같다. 이상의 하천오염에 따른 수중생태계의 변화는 물리적 화학적 생물학적 환경요인이 복합적으로 작용하는 세부적 기계에 대하여는 규명되지 않은 문제가 아직도 많으며 지표생물의 표현형은 중요한 가치를 부여하고 있다. 식물성 plankton의 우점종의 출현 빈도에 따른 수질계급을 보면 뚝섬지역 BOD 3.3~5.3 빈부수성 $~\alpha$ 중부수성, 보광동 BOD 6.0~10.3중부수성, 제 2한강교 BOD10~28 $\alpha$ 강부수성, 난지도 BOD29 $\beta$ 강부수성 등이며 이와 상이한 결과도 보여주고 있다. 이상으로 볼 때 1) 가정하수의 질을 높이기 위하여 분뇨정화조 의 효율증대 2) 산업폐수의 공정별 폐수량의 조절 및 폐수성 상에 따른 총량규제에 대비한 효율증대 3) 하천의 오염부하와 자정능력 최대한 부여 4) 폐수처리를 위한 미생물제개발 및 오염지표 종 연구와 오염내성 생물의 연구등이 종합적 으로 수행되어야 한다. 5) 이상의 모든 조사와 연구결과를 객관적으로 표기할 수 있도록 하천의 이정표가 정해져야 하겠다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.845-851
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• 2009

A vector harboring double cassettes; a heterologous gene expression cassette of pHCE-InaN-antigen and a ghost formation cassette of pAPR-cI-E lysis 37 SDM was constructed and introduced to E. coli DH5a. For the production of a bacterial ghost vaccine, bacterial ghosts from E. coli / Streptococcus iniae with four different types of antigens - enolase, GAPDH, sagA and piaA - were produced by the optimization of fermentation parameters such as a glucose concentration of 1 g/l, agitation of 300 rpm and aeration of 1 vvm. Efficiency of ghost bacteria formation was evaluated with cultures of OD$_{600}$=1.0, 2.0 and 3.0. The efficiency of the ghost bacteria formation was 99.54, 99.67, 99.99 and 99.99% with inductions at OD$_{600}$=3.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 1.0 for E. coli/S. iniae antigens enolase, piaA, GAPDH and sagA, respectively. Ghost bacteria as a vaccine was harvested by centrifugation. The antigen protein expressions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis, and the molecular weights of the enolase, piaA, GAPDH and sagA were 78, 26, 67 and 26 kDa, respectively. The molecular weights of the expressed antigens were consistent with theoretical sizes obtained from the amino acid sequences.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial effects of organic acid and some natural occurring antimicrobials against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various origins (vegetables, peanut, pea leaf, kim-bab, person, perilla leaf, and animal) and to calculate their MIC and MBC values. Five organic acids (acetic, lactic, citric, malic, and propionic acid), three essential oils (carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol), and two other natural antimicrobials (nisin and cinnamic acid) were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects against 113 strains of S. aureus using combination treatments. Propionic acid (7%), nisin (1%), thymol (1%), carvacrol (1%) showed antimicrobial activities against S. aureus strains in agar disc diffusion test. And, carvacrol, thymol, and nisin were found to be the most effective with the lowest MIC values of 0.0313%, 0.0625%, and 0.0625% against S.aureus, respectively. Propionic acid (0.2313%) and citric acid (0.6000%) were the most effective among organic acids tested. Therefore, these five antimicrobials were selected for next combination treatments. Combination of propionic acid and citric acid were showed the strongest inhibitory effectiveness against S. aureus among combination treatments. These results suggest that organic acid such as propionic and citric acid, and natural occurring antimicrobial such as nisin, carvacrol, and thymol might be possibly used as preservatives for inhibiting S. aureus in foods.