• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.871-878
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• 2021

This study analyzed the polarization of software education by analyzing the relationship between the average monthly total private education expenditure, software education expenditure, and academic achievement. For this purpose, data were collected and analyzed by surveying 2,780 parents of elementary school children nationwide. The results of this study are as follows: First, there was a statistically significant difference in children's academic achievement depending on whether or not they participated in software education. Second, the higher the children's academic achievement, the higher the percentage of participation in software private education expenditure. Third, there was a significant positive correlation between total private education expenditure and software-related private education expenditure. Fourth, although not statistically significant, there was a positive correlation between software private education expenses and academic achievement. In this study, software education provided by public education is not sufficient. For this reason, participation in private education and the amount of expenditure are increasing, and there is a gap in improving the main competencies of students according to household income.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.543-558
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• 2012

Our study examines if the existence of a housewife in a family increases private education fees or not, which have continued to burden the family expenditure in Korea. Main findings are as follows: First, the existence of a housewife in a family have an positive impact on the private education expenses, irrespective of the model. Second, the higher decile the less the effect of the housewife on the private education cost. However, the first decile is an exception. Third, the housewife effect of a laborer family is stronger than that of a non-laborer family. It implies that laborers who earn the income regularly expend more money on their children's private education than nonlaborers.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.111-136
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• 2012

This paper investigates effects of family size on private tutoring expenditures, using a data set drawn from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families (KLoWF). To deal with endogeneity of family size, the paper employs an instrumental variable (IV) method in which the sex of the first-born of the family is used as an IV. The results suggest that quantity-quality trade-offs of children within a family function in a way that varies by the sex of the child. While the effect of an increase in family size on private turoring expenditures of a second-born daughter is negative, the effect for a second-born son is indeterminate. The result for daughters implies that high costs of raising a child are likely to explain low birth rates of Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.6 s.84
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• pp.61-77
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• 2006

This study was to analyze the effect of private education expenditures on financial performance. The data from 1,669 households were taken from the Korean labor and Income Panel Study. The major findings were as follows: (1) The mean of monthly private education expenditure was 257,400 won for all households. Almost 66% of households encountered an economic burden in paying for private education. (2) The mean of financial performance in all households was 31,420,000 won and those with higher assets showed the greatest financial performance (112.8 million won net gain). (3) The variables that significantly influenced on private education expenditures and the financial performance were different in all households. (4) The relationship between financial performance and private education expenditures was verified partially. The association was proved in the middle assets group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.477-491
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• 2010

This paper aimed to understand current trends in online lectures for Korean SAT based on students' academic performances through a qualitative interview approach. In results, the highest academic performance group showed a good deal of interest and usage in online lectures. This group participants preferred private online lectures to public ones. However, the lowest academic group liked to use public online lectures. The middle academic groups who lived in an expensive area spent a lot of money for tutoring or attending private institutes rather than online lectures. Suggestions are: self-regulated learning is needed, public onilne lectures should have improved contents, and lastly, these online lectures are required to be connected with regular school curriculum.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.41-56
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the expenditure on private education and stress from private education, and the role conflicts of the mothers of junior and senior high school students. The subjects were 300 mothers of students who are enrolled in junior and senior high school and receiving private education in Seoul and its suburbs. The results were as follows: First, the level of stress from private education was found to be higher than the scale range of the median, whereas the degree of role conflicts was slightly lower than the scale range of the median. Second, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed by using the expenditure on private education and stress from private education as independent variables and the socio-demographic variables of mothers as the control variables in order to identify their effect on the role conflicts of the mothers of the junior and senior high school students. The results show that the age of the mother, the household monthly income, the monthly expenditure on private education, and stress from private education were significantly related to the role conflicts of the mothers. That is, the older the age of the mother, the lower the level of monthly income, the lower the level of the monthly expenditure on private education, and the higher the level of stress from private education, the greater the degree of the role conflicts of the mother.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.179-202
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• 2016

This study analyses the effects of the major educational policies, focusing on the private tutoring prohibition policy(PTPP), on the intergenerational class mobility(ICM) by using Korea Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS) 1st-12th surveys. Because private tutoring(shadow education) can be effective for academic achievement of children of above middle classes that spend most private tutoring expenditure and have more information on education, the private tutoring prohibition policy can increase the intergenerational mobility. This study confirms this possibility. Even when the overlapping effect of the middle school equalization polity is controlled for, there is still high effect of the PTPP. We think that we still need to examine the level of intergenerational mobility with PTPP cohort with that of later cohorts in the future. We also emphasize the compositive effect of the several consistent policies such as middle school and high school equalization polices and the PTPP and length and continuity of the policies for the higher mobility.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

This study attempted to investigate household's private educational expenditure that aggravates a burden on households by using the data from the 2014 Private Education Survey published by Statistics Korea. The effects of purposes of private education and participation in an after school program that is pushed by the government on household's private educational expenditure were analyzed. The major findings were as follows. First, the major purposes of private education lean toward preparing to enroll in school and relieving parents'uneasiness rather than prior learning Second, according to the purposes of private education, the differences of the private educational expenditure were verified. Households spend the highest level of private educational expenditure for the purpose of preparing to enroll in school contrary to the lowest level, which was for the purpose of compensatory learning. Third, participation in an after school program that is regarded as a method of moderating households' private education burden, had a positive effect on reducing private educational expenditure. Forth, private educational expenditure was influenced by the purposes of private education and participation in an after school program. In 2014, the Korean government enforced a law that prohibits schools'education in advance (prior learning) and regulates private educational institutes'advertisement about prior learning. Regarding this regulation, this study aimed to investigate the purposes and expenditure of private education to provide an empirical reference to determine the improvement of related policies.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.505-521
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is the find out current status and key factors of attendance in private education of gifted students. The results show that 95.9% of gifted students and 94.6% of general students are currently participating in private education. Most percentages of students took English and math programs at the private institutes. Average amount of time students spend for private education was 2~3 hours per day, and most percentage of parents spent 400,000~600,000 won per month for their children's private education. There were no significant differences between the gifted and the general students in the aspects of private education statuses. Regarding the key factors of attendance in private education, improvement of study related skills, school grade management, and influences of surroundings, such as parents and friends, were showed as significant variables in gifted students group. Interestingly, influences of surroundings showed negative effect. For general students and their parents, improvement of study related skills and school grade management factors were significant variables. And for the parents of gifted students, improvement of study related skills and entering higher level schools appeared as significant factors for the participation in private education. Implications of the study were discussed in depth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

e-learning을 통한 교육은 이제 대학 내뿐 만 아니라 중ㆍ고등학교나 기업체 등에서도 이루어지고 있는 것이 현실이다. 사교육비의 과대지출로 중ㆍ고등학교에서의 e-learning을 통한 교육은 이제 교육사업에 커다란 부분을 차지해 갈 것이 분명한 사실이다. 기업체 또한 기업 내 인력양성을 위한 모든 교육을 시간과 장소의 구애를 받지 않는 e-learning을 통한 교육으로의 전환이 이미 많이 이루어졌고 앞으로 더욱 많아지리라 생각된다. 하지만, 사교육이나 기업 내 추가적인 인력양성 교육에서의 e-learning의 도입을 통한 교육의 성과보다는 대학 내 e-learning을 통한 교육이 일반 대학생들이 오프라인 수업의 보조학습이 아닌 대체학습으로서 과연 대학 내 대표적인 e-learning 수업진행을 맡고 있는 OCU를 기본모델로 현재 e-learning을 통한 OCU수업을 듣고 있는 학생들을 대상으로 본 학습에 얼마나 많은 이해를 가지고 있는지를 알아보고자 한다. 또한 오프라인에서의 수업과 e-learning을 통한 수업의 이해도와 만족도에 얼마나 차이가 있는지 실증분석 해 보려 한다. 이 결과로 앞으로 대학 내 e-learning을 통한 학습에 문제점이 있다면 분석하여 오프라인의 보조학습이 아닌 대체학습으로 나아가는데 지식전달의 효율성 측면에서 나아갈 방안에 대해서 연구해 보려 한다.