• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.63-72
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose the bit-rate control algorithm for the block based image compression like H.263, H.263+ or MPEG-4. The proposed algorithm is designed to identify the quantization parameter set through the Lagrangian optimization technique based on the well-known linear source model. We set the Lagrangian cost function with the rates and distortion calculated from the linear source model. We calculate the quantization parameter set using the Vitervi algorithm to solve the Lagrangian optimization problem considering the Dquant method of H.263 and MPEG-4. The proposed algorithm improves the video quality by up to 1.5 dB compared with the TMN8 scheme, and is more effective in the video sources with dynamic activities than the consistent quality approaches.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.687-693
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• 2004

The MODFLOW simulated results with varying input parameter values were compared and analyzed. To understand the relative importance of the input parameters, sensitivity analysis was carried out. The amount of sustainable yield was analyzed with respect to the hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, specific storage, aquifer thickness and the distance of the wells from the river. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that inflow from the river and the aquifer storage were sensitive to the specific yield and aquifer thickness. Sustainable yield was sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness. The results of this study can be used as a basic information for groundwater development and management plannings considering regional characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.48-56
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• 2014

Purpose $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA renal scintigraphy serves as a key indicator to measure a kidney donor's Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and determine the possibility of kidney transplant. The Gates method utilized to measure GFR considers 3 variables of renal depth, injection dose, and net kidney counts. In this research, we seek to compare changes in kidney donors' GFR according to renal depth measurement methods of the 3 variables. Materials and Methods We investigated 32 kidney donors who had visited the hospital from October, 2013 to March, 2014 and received abdominal CT and $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA GFR examination. With the cross-section image of the CT and the lateral image from a gamma camera, we measured the renal depth and compared with renal depth calculation equations-Tonnesen, Taylor, and Itoh methods. Renal depth-specific GFR was calculated by using Xeleris Ver. 2.1220 of GE. Then the results were compared with MDRD (Modification of Diet Renal Disease) GFRs based on serum creatinine level. Results The renal depths measured based on the CT and gamma camera images showed high correlation. Tonessen equation gave the lowest GFR value while the value calculated by using the renal depth of CT image was the highest with a 16.62% gap. MDRD GFR showed no statistically significant difference among values calculated through Taylor, Itoh, CT and gamma camera renal depth application (P>0.05), but exhibited a statistically significant change in the value based on Tonnesen equation (P<0.05). Conclusion This research has found that, in GFR evaluation in kidney donors by utilizing $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA, Tonnesen equation-based Gates method underestimated the value than the MDRD GFR. Therefore, if a MDRD GFR value shows a huge difference from the actual examination value, using an image-based renal depth measurement, instead of Tonnesen equation applied to Gates method, is expected to give an accurate GFR value to kidney donors.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

An abnormal seepage flow, which is mainly caused by the piping, is one of the major reasons for embankment dam failure. A leakage detection is therefore a vital part of an embankment dam's monitoring. Resistivity method, which is an efficient tool to detect leakage zones, has been used all over the world for an embankment dam's monitoring. Although the resistivity method gives us very useful information about the leakage problem, there is no more quantitative interpretation than the low resistivity zones in the 2-dimensional resistivity section are regraded simply as the anomalous seepage zones. Recently, resistivity monitoring technique is applied for the detection of leakage zones. However, its interpretation still remains in the stage of presenting the resistivity ratio itself. An increased seepage flow increases a porosity and an increasing porosity decreases the dam's stability. Therefore, the porosity is one of the major factors for an embankment dam's stability. Based on Archie's experimental formula, we try to evaluate a porosity distribution from the resistivity data which is obtained on the dam's crest. We also attempt to represent a procedure to evaluate a safety index of the embankment dam from the resistivity monitoring data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.116-119
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• 2003

본 연구는 전기비저항 탐사법을 이용한 실내실험의 결과를 활용하여 토양의 수리특성별 지층비저항계수를 산출하여 소유역에 대하여 대략적인 수리지질 특성을 규명하는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 연구결과, 모래로 구성된 토양층의 경우는 본 실내시험에서 얻어진 지층비저항계수에 따른 공극율 및 수리전도도의 관계를 활용할 수 있으며, 점토가 포함된 토양층의 경우는 표면전도도의 영향으로 측정되는 전기비저항이 실제 측정값보다 낮게 나타나므로 향후 전기이중층 효과를 고려하여 개발하는 경험식의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.521-527
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• 2019

Quantity takeoff and cost estimates in Korea are carried out in practice without any clear standards or standards. Especially, quantity takeoff of Reinforcing bar and BoQ documentation process is very complex using 2D drawings. In this study, 10 case sites were analyzed for the status of inefficient quantity takeoff and how the statement was prepared. In order to solve this problem, this study presented a method for calculating the quantity of rebars through the ratio of concrete volume for schools, offices, and apartment buildings, and analyzed the accuracy of results. In the future, it is expected that the error range can be reduced by defining the factors affecting the results and calculating the correction value for them.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.225-230
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• 2004

강변여과수 취수에 있어 수직정의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 방사형 집수정에 의한 취수 방식을 해결 방안으로 모색되어 지고 있다. 본 인구는 방사형 집수정에 의한 강변여과수 개발시 개략적 산출량 예측을 위한 방법으로 사용하는 경험식 (Petrovic 경험식, Milojevic 경험식) 적용성 및 군우물을 이용한 방사형 집수정 모델링 가능성에 대해 모의 하였다. 강변여과수 산출시 Milojevic 경험식이 하천의 자연조건, 설치 위치 등을 고려하여 강변여과수 적용성이 Petrovic 경험식에 비해 적용성이 크며, 군우물을 이용한 방사형 집수정 지하수위 특성에 대한 모델링에서 수위하강률 등이 유사하게 나타났다. 또한 방사형 집수정의 설치각도등을 조정함으로 수위 하강율을 감소 시킬수 있으면 체류시간 확보에 일정부분 기여 할 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10c
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• pp.121-123
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• 2001

최근 이동 통신의 급격한 성장으로 인하여 동일한 통신 서비스간의 간섭 뿐 아니라 서로 다른 서비스간의 간섭 문제가 통신 서비스의 품질을 저하시키는 주된 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 특히, CDMA-based 시스템은 간섭에 의해 용량이 제한되므로 CDMA-based 시스템인 기존의 IS-95 및 PCS 서비스, 그리고 차세대 이동 통신인 IMT-2000/CDMA 시스템의 용량 개선을 위한 연구 및 효율적인 무선망 설계를 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 IMT-2000/CDMA 시스템의 효율적인 링크 분석(Link Analysis)을 하는데 필요한 시스템 성능 평가와 시스템 통화용량을 산출하는 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 여기서, 시스템 성능을 예측하기 위해서는 신호 대 잡음 전력비 (E$_{b}$N$_{o}$ )의 개념이 요구된다. 시스템 통화용량은 잡음 특성이 매우 이상적인 상태를 기준으로 하여 역방향 최대 용량을 산정하는 Pole Capacity 산출 방식과 호차단율(B1ocking Probability)로부터의 통계적 산출 방법인 Erlang Capacity 산출 방식을 적용한다.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.161-177
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• 2004

The Cretaceous pink granites of the finan area, southwestern Ogcheon belt, are adjacently developed in the eastern part (Keg) and western part (Kwg) as stocks, respectively. Keg of rounded shape occur as mainly medium-coarse grained rocks, whereas Kwg of ellipsoidal shape occurs as medium-coarse grained ones with partly porphyritic and fine-grained textures. Miarolitic cavities of them are often seen and can be observed more frequently in Kwg than Keg. Rose and counter fracture diagrams of the two granites show that Keg and Kwg have more potentiality of non-dimension and dimension to non-dimension stones, respectively. Physical properties such as porosity and absorption ratio have 0.25% and 0.65％, and 0.43% and 1.11%, respectively, which could suggest that emissions of gas phase at later magma stages are abundant in Kwg than those of Keg. From the major and trace elements petrochemisoy, they belong to acidic, peraluminous and calc-alkaline rocks, showing that Kwg are later product than Keg of the same granitic parent magma. REE concentrations normalized to chondrite value have trends of gradual and parallel enriched LREE and depleted HREE. Eu negative anomalies of Kwg are far more severe than those of Keg, which suggest that plagioclase fractionation in Kwg was much stronger than that of Keg. In the magnetic susceptibility vs. petrochemical and modal parameters, they all belong to magnetite-series and I-types, and can be classified as weakly-moderately ferromagnetic rocks. And the above relations could suggest that their susceptibility values are more mainly depended on ferromagnetic opaques than ferromagnetic and paramagnetic assemblages (Bt ＋ Ch ＋ Ser ＋ Op).

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.96-99
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• 2017

Virtual source data were produced by applying the seismic interferometry to the 2002 experimental seismic refraction data. Using the data, moveout velocities and effective anellipticity were experimentally computed for the crust at eight sites in the Korean peninsula. The moveout velocities of reflection events at approximate Moho depths were yielded to be $6.30{\pm}0.25km/s$ using near-offset traveltimes. Expanding the Taylor approximation to the $3^{rd}$ term for far-offset traveltimes, the effective anellipticity parameters were computed to be $0.18{\pm}0.07$ for the crust material.