• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1055-1064
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• 2006

Extremely slow growing anammox(anaerobic ammonium oxidation) bacteria were cultivated using a combination of UASB(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor seeded with anaerobic granular sludge and carbon-fiber cultivating reactor. After 180 days of continuous cultivation, average nitrogen removal rate showed 0.54 kg $N/m^3-day$ when 0.6 kg $N/m^3-day$ of nitrogen loading was applied. The black granule was changed to brown and red granule as continuous operation, and the red granule was highly dependant on the high anammox activity. Microbial community structure of red granule in the UASB reactor was analyzed by molecular methods such as gene cloning, phylogenetic tree analysis, and FISH(Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) method. As a result of gene cloning and phylogenetic tree analysis, 5 kinds of phylum were found to be Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chlorobi and Chloroflexi. 13 clones were matched to anammox bacteria among 51 clones in the red anammox granule. In-silico test which used cloning information and FISH probe of the AMX368 was conducted to detect the presence of anammox bacteria in the red anammox granule. As a result of in-silico test only one clone was exactly matched to AMX368 but 11 clones was mutated one base among 18 bases representing all 12 clones are anammox bacteria. A filamentous Chloroflexi might be related to the granulation of anammox bacteria. As a result of FISH analysis, anammox bacteria was abundant in the red anammox granule.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.82-83
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• 2003

최근 인공종묘생산기술이 개발된 붉은쏨뱅이(Sabastiscus tertius)는 자연산과 양식산의 체색이 붉은색과 검정색으로 많은 차이가 있어 양식산업화에 많은 어려움이 있다. 따라서 상품가치와 경쟁력 향상을 위하여 사료에 카로티노이드 성분을 함유한 크릴새우(25, 50, 75, 100%)와 astaxanthin(5, 10, 15, 20%)를 비율대로 첨가하여 양식산 붉은쏨뱅이의 체색 변화를 살펴보았다. 크릴새우의 경우 50% 첨가한 사료실험구에서의 적색도와 황색도는 각각 6.29와 13.42로 높게 나타나기 시작하였으며 크릴새우 75% 첨가실험구에서는 적색도와 황색도가 각각 8.31과 14.91로 최고치를 보였다. 그리고 크릴 100%에서는 적색도와 황색도가 각각 7.27과 10.33로 75% 실험구에 비하여 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. astaxanthin 실험구들에서는 5%와 10% 실험구에는 체색도가 높게 나타나지 않았으나 15%에서 적색도가 7.86 황색도가 9.32로 가장 높게 나타났다. 그리고 20% 실험구에는 7.18과 6.32로 나타났다. 본 실험결과 붉은쏨뱅이의 체색회복을 위해서는 크릴새우의 경우 최소 50% 이상을 첨가해야만 가능할것으로 판단되며 astaxanthin는 15% 이상 첨가해야 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 astaxanthin보다는 크릴새우가 더 효과적이였으며 모든 실험구는 대조구(펠렛사료 100%)에 비하여 체색 회복효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자연산에서는 적색도와 황색도는 각각 23.80과 13.44로 적색도가 아주 높게 나타났으나 양식산에서는 적색도와 황색도가 1.09와 1.98로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 체색의 변화는 모든실험구에서 등지느러미와 꼬리지느리미 그리고 턱과 가슴주변에서부터 점차 배와 등쪽으로 색이 변화하는 것이 관찰되었다. 크릴 75%와 astaxanthin 15%를 공급하였을 때 체색이 변화하는 시간은 크릴의 경우 사료공급 20일 후부터 체색의 변화가 시작하여 30일이 경과 될때에는 등지느러미, 꼬리지느러미 및 턱주변이 붉은색으로 변화하였다. astaxanthin의 경우는 30일부터 등지느러미와 꼬리지느러미 부근에서 체색의 변화가 시작되었으며 40일 이후부터 붉은색으로 변화하였다. 크릴새우와 astaxanthin를 함유하여 실험하였을 때 붉은쏨뱅이의 성장은 크릴 75% 실험구에서 전장 172.3mm, 체중 65.9g으로 가장 좋았다. 그러나 대조구에서는 전장 148.7mm, 체중 49.5g으로 가장 성장이 저조하였으며 astaxanthin 실험구들에서는 전장 152.3~159.8mm, 체중 56.9~59.3g으로 서로 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.96-104
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• 2008

In this study, the observation of test pieces with an optical microscope was carried out after fabricating 4 groups of standard lacquer, in order to inquire into the ancient lacquering techniques. Group I had transparent reddish brown color, and the part of layer was indefinite, and the layer polished was easily distinguished. Group II had mostly transparent yellowish brown color, and it was possibility distinguished the layers when they were varnished with mixed lacquer after prime coating, and when they were varnished with lacquer as the prime coating. Group III set up membrane in the hardening process of the lacquer, and the lacquer and the unsaturated fatty acid of internal part was dried, so the top layer and the lacquer layer were separated and observed. Group IV: When the lacquer coat film of Group IV test pieces were observed in polarized light, the ferrous components were seen as the black and red color were mixed, and the silica crystals of silty soil were distinguished by reflection of lights. And the colors were distinguished as the lacquer layer of ruddle had red color, and the mixed lacquer of reddish lacquer and ruddle had the deep red color at the top and the bottom, but the middle part had the bright red color.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.243-248
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• 2017

In this study copper glaze samples were prepared with varying amount of tin oxide, and the chromatic characteristics of glazes were explained on the results of spectrophotometric, crystalline phase, and microstructural analyses. The red color of copper glaze was dissipated with the addition of tin oxide and turned into achromatic color due to the decrease of CIEab values. Tin oxide homogeneously distributed in the glaze layer interfered with the red color generation coming from the growth of Cu nuclei, and formed an alloy with metal copper around bubbles. This resulted in the decrease of metal copper peak intensity with minor $Cu_2O$ peak. With the 3.79 % tin oxide addition the glaze was appeared as gray due to the black color CuO and Cassiterite $SnO_2$ phases.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.273-277
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• 2010

Undecylprodiginine and streptorubin B are red-pigmented antibiotics produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). In this study, we investigated the correlation between productivity of these red-pigmented antibiotics and stress of pH shock. Biosynthesis of these red-pigmented antibiotics is enhanced at acidic pH shock on solid R2YE medium. The optimal pH shock is pH 4 which led to 1.6 fold and two-fold increase in the production of undecylprodiginine and streptorubin B as compared with control, respectively. In addition, the extract of pH 4 shocked cells exhibited a remarkable activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. However, neutral and basic pH shock did not give raise to promote a production of these red-pigmented antibiotics as well as antifungal activity. Thus, although the acidic pH shock is simple and easy method, it should be extremely effective approach to enhance a productivity of these red-pigmented antibiotics and other secondary metabolites.

• 농업기술회보
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.20-20
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• 2015

소비자와 가공업체가 원하는 다양한 색깔의 양갱과 앙금 제품 개발에 붉은색 팥은 제품 다양화에 한계가 있었다. 이에 흰앙금 제조가 가능한 황백색 종피의 품질이 우수한 팥 품종을 개발하기 위하여 노력한 결과, 국립식량과학원에서 흰앙금제조가 가능한 신품종 '흰나래' 팥을 개발하였다.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.10 s.365
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• pp.21-21
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• 1999

하늘나라를 이어주는 아름다운 다리라던 무지개의 신비도 알고보면 물방울에서 굴절 반사하는 태양빛의 파장에 따라서 붉은색부터 보라색으로 갈라지는 원리에서 비롯된 것이다. 또 우리는 가끔 쌍무지개를 보게 되는데 자세히 보면 좀더 희미한 둘째 무지개의 색깔은 첫째 무지개와는 반대로 되어 있다는 사실도 알게 된다.

• 보건세계
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• v.53 no.6 s.598
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• pp.6-9
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• 2006

붉은 유월이다. 붉은색 티셔츠 하나로 온 국민이 하나되어 "대~한민국"을 목놓아 외칠 유월이 마침내 왔다. 올해는 2002년 그때와 또 다르다. 우린 이미 충분히 예열되어 있고 마음껏 즐길 준비가 되어 있다. 생활의 중심에 월드컵이 있고 월드컵의 중심에 코리아가 있다. 월드컵을 둘러싼 우리 사회의 이모저모를 살펴봤다.

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.24 no.1 s.184
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• pp.15-15
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• 2003

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.114-123
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• 2002

Koreans have regarded the red as a major color from old times. The red is a traditional color to have symbols of high position, national foundation and especially royalty. So, we can see the reds in the palace for kings very much.The purpose of this study is to draw out the features of color red in the Kyungbok palace. The color was analyzed by two categories-architectural buildings${\cdot}$structures and ornamental painted patterns. The major findings from this research are summarized as follows:1. Seokganju(similar to terra rossa) and toyugsaek(light seokganju) are found main colors in architectural space, while seokganju has a linear effect and toyuk has a facial effect. 2. Yugsaek(similar to light vermillion) and Jangdan(similar to orange) are found main colors in ornamental painted patterns. These colors are more vivid and brighter than those for architectural space.3. As for two-color combination, reds and blues(including greens) are found major combination both of architectural space and ornamental patterns. And reds and white are the following combination, which gives an bright image by white. 4. As for three-color combination, red-white-black combination of pediment and red-blue-white combination of openings are found very popular in architectural space, while red-blue-yellow combination is most popular in ornamental patterns.The reds are found dominant color of both architectural space and ornamental patterns in the Kyungbok palace. The color design as shown in the Kyungbok palace can be considered as the feature of traditional color design.