• Title/Summary/Keyword: 불안정 조건

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Flow Noise Analysis of Ship Pipes using Lattice Boltzmann Method (격자볼츠만기법을 이용한 선박 파이프내 유동소음해석)

  • Beom-Jin Joe;Suk-Yoon Hong;Jee-Hun Song
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.512-519
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    • 2023
  • Noise pollution poses significant challenges to human well-being and marine ecosystems. It is primarily caused by the flow around ships and marine installations, emphasizing the need for accurate noise evaluation of flow noise to ensure environmental safety. Existing flow noise analysis methods for underwater environments typically use a hybrid method combining computational fluid dynamics and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings acoustic analogy. However, this approach has limitations, neglecting near-field effects such as reflection, scattering, and diffraction of sound waves. In this study, an alternative using direct method flow noise analysis via the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is incorporated. The LBM provides a more accurate representation of the underwater structural boundaries and acoustic wave effects. Despite challenges in underwater environments due to numerical instabilities, a novel DM-TS LBM collision operator has been developed for stable implementations for hydroacoustic applications. This expands the LBM's applicability to underwater structures. Validation through flow noise analysis in pipe orifice demonstrates the feasibility of near-field analysis, with experimental comparisons confirming the method's reliability in identifying main pressure peaks from flow noise. This supports the viability of near-field flow noise analysis using the LBM.

Biomechanical Analysis of Elderly Fall Related Risk Factors using Downhill Walking on Treadmill (트레드밀 내리막 보행을 이용한 노인 낙상관련 위험요인의 운동역학적 분석)

  • Woo, Jeong-Hyun;Park, Sang-Kyoon
    • 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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    • v.55 no.2
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    • pp.643-655
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate biomechanical differences between young and old adults during downhill walking on a treadmill in order to understand the mechanisms of elderly falls. Eighteen healthy young females(YG: yrs: 21.17±1.5) and eighteen healthy old females(OG: yrs: 66.67±1.33) participated in this study. They were asked to walk at their preferred speed on a treadmill at level, 7.5° and 15° decline. OG walked more wobbly in the medial and lateral directions than YG(p<.05). As slope got steeper, OG had smaller ROM(range of motion) of ankle and knee joints compared with YG. However, there was no difference in ROM of the hip between OG and YG, but maximum extension angle of OG was smaller compared with YG(p<.05). Smaller extensor moment was generated on OG during downhill walking(p<.05). It was hypothesized that more risk factors would be found on older people compared to young people during downhill. However, older people actually walks with a safer strategy compared to young people during downhill. Finally, current findings about biomechanical characteristics of elderly walking would provide useful fundamental information for a follow-up study regarding the prevention of elderly fall during their daily life.

Fundamental Frequency Extraction of Stay Cable based on Energy Equation (에너지방정식에 기초한 사장 케이블 기본진동수 추출)

  • Kim, Hyeon Kyeom;Hwang, Jae Woong;Lee, Myeong Jae
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.1A
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    • pp.125-133
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    • 2008
  • According to longer and longer span, dynamic instability of stay cable should be prevented. Dynamic instability occurs mainly symmetric 1st mode and antisymmetric 1st mode in stay cable. Especially symmetric 1st mode has a lot of influence on sag. Therefore fundamental frequency of stay cable is different from that of taut sting. Irvine, Triantafyllou, Ahn etc. analyzed dynamic behavior of taut cable with sag through analytical technical and their researches give important results for large bounds of Irvine parameter. But each research shows mutually different values out of characteristic (cross-over or mode-coupled) point and each solution of frequency equations of all researchers can be very difficultly found because of their very high non-linearity. Presented study focuses on fundamental frequency of stay cable. Generalized mechanical energy with symmetric 1st mode vibration shape satisfied boundary conditions is evolved by Rayleigh-Ritz method. It is possible to give linear analytic solution within characteristic point. Error by this approach shows only below 3% at characteristic point against existing researches. And taut cable don't exceed characteristic point. I.e. high accuracy, easy solving techniques, and a little bit limitations. Therefore presented study can be announced that it is good study ergonomically.

Synthesis of La0.7Sr0.3Mn1-xIrxO3 thin-films in search of superconductivity

  • Byeongjun Seok;Youngdo Kim;Donghan Kim;Jongho Park;Changyoung Kim
    • Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.10-13
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    • 2023
  • High-TC superconductivity (HTSC) has been the central issue in the field of condensed matter physics for decades. An essential part of the research on superconductivity is finding new exotic superconductors. It was recently suggested that Ir-substituted La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMIO) is a new high-TC superconductor. However, systematic studies to experimentally verify the superconductivity have not been done. Here, we report the growth processes of LSMIO thin films and their electrical transport properties. We observed a clear negative correlation between the intensity of the laser utilized for film deposition and the Curie temperature of the deposited film. We attributed this effect to the suppression of Sr concentration in the LSMIO films as the laser intensity increased. However, our LSMIO films show conventional ferromagnetism instead of HTSC. To realize the HTSC in LSMIO systems, further exploration of diverse compositions of LSMIO compounds is essential.

Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria of Lactiplantibacillus argentratensis Isolated from Blueberries (블루베리로부터 분리된 Lactiplantibacillus argentratensis의 병원성균에 대한 항균활성)

  • Natsag Lkhagvasuren;Gil-Ha Kim;Batchimeg Namshir;Woan Sub Kim
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.191-202
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    • 2023
  • In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was isolated from blueberries. The isolated LAB were rod-shaped and gram-positive, as shown using gram staining. In addition, the identified bacteria showed high homology to Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis. The culture supernatant was isolated from L. argentoratensis and its antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria Salmonella and Escherichia was analyzed. Culture supernatants of L. argentoratensis significantly inhibited the growth of Salmonella. Enteritidis NCCP 16947, Salmonella Typhimurium NCCP 16960, and Salmonella. Thompson NCCP 11704. Interestingly, the higher the concentration of the culture supernatant, the more significant was the antibacterial activity. Additionally, the culture supernatant of L. argentoratensis showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia strains. To determine whether the antibacterial substance is stable to heat and pH, the LAB culture supernatant was heat-treated under 65℃ for 30 min, 75℃ for 15 min, 85℃ for 10 min, and 100℃ for 5 min. Measurement of antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains by adding 5% of heat-treated culture medium showed the same antibacterial activity as before heat treatment. However, in a test where the pH of the culture supernatant was adjusted to 7.0 from 3.73, no antibacterial activity was observed.

A Review on the Improvement of the Meaning and Composition Requirements of Interference with Fire Protection Activities - Focusing on Interference with 119 EMS Activities - (소방활동방해죄의 의미와 구성요건 개선에 관한 검토 -119구급활동 방해를 중심으로-)

  • Young Pyo Hong
    • The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.105-124
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    • 2023
  • Modern society is facing an unstable environment due to unexpected accidents and hazardous situations. For example, incidents such as the collapse of the Bundang Bridge and the crushing accident in Itaewon could serve as examples. In addition to these, critical emergencies like sudden cardiac arrests and strokes frequently occur, requiring swift actions and smooth transfers to specialized medical institutions for effective responses. In response to these risks, the country has been establishing various systems to protect the lives and safety of its citizens. Among these, the 119 First Aid Activities plays a crucial role within the emergency medical system. Its goal is to promptly respond to critical emergency situations involving severe trauma patients or patients with serious illnesses, minimizing damage and safeguarding lives by swiftly transferring them to emergency medical institutions for specialized treatment. The core activity related to this is emergency rescue operations. In particular, the 119 First Aid system serves as a crucial institution responsible for the hospital transportation of emergency patients. However, rescue personnel still encounter cases of interference with their activities during their duties. Despite efforts from the police, these interference cases persist, and they share similarities with the crime of obstructing official duties. Interference with emergency activities exhibits a comparable nature to instances such as physical assaults and equipment damage against emergency medical practitioners working within the emergency medical system. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding and improvement efforts regarding the issues of interference that arise during the process of emergency medical activities, including the 119 First Aid system, are necessary. The solution to these problems is to establish and improve the conditions for obstruction of first aid activities, focusing on the "Framework Act on Firefighting" and the "Act on 119 Rescue and Emergency."

Antioxidant activity of partially purified extracts isolated from Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman (오가피 분획 추출물의 항산화효과)

  • Im, Kyung-Ran;Kim, Mi-Jin;Jung, Teak-Kyu;Yoon, Kyung-Sup
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.329-334
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    • 2008
  • The antioxidant activity and the qualitative analysis of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman were studied by partially purified extract using various methods: extraction by using ethanol solutions and temperatures, and absorption to Diaion HP20 column chromatography using 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% ethanol solutions. Major constituents, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, eleutheroside E, was determinated by HPLC method in Acanthopanax sessiliflorum S. 10% and 20% ethanol solutions contain chlorogenic acid (3.020$\pm$0.080%, 20.500$\pm$1.150%, respectively). 40% ethanol solution contains caffeic acid and eleutheroside E (12.270$\pm$0.360%, 1.670$\pm$0.140%, respectively). Diaion HP20 fractions (10%, 20%, 40%, 60% ethanol solutions) showed the scavenging activity of radicals and reactive oxygen species with the $IC_{50}$ values of $81.534{\pm}0.992{\mu}g/ml$, $1.748{\pm}0.098{\mu}g/ml$, $11.487{\pm}1.768{\mu}g/ml$, $21.960{\pm}0.547{\mu}g/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazly radical and $1713.548{\pm}34.565{\mu}g/ml$, $131.419{\pm}2.235{\mu}g/ml$, $200.681{\pm}2.444{\mu}g/ml$, $757.897{\pm}6.868{\mu}g/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Especially, 20% and 40% ethanol fractions showed more antioxidant activity than dl-$\alpha$-tocopherol. These results suggest that Acanthopanax sessiliflorum S. extract and Diaion HP20 fractions may be useful as a potential source of nutraceutical and cosmetic products.

Comparison of the Properties of Youngia sonchifolia Max. For Kimchi Preparation (고들빼기의 김치 가공적성에 관한 연구)

  • 신수철
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 1996
  • Physicochemical properties of Youngia sonchifolia were compared according to harvesting time and brine methods for its Kimchi preparation. Moisture contents in the roots and the leaves of Y. sonchifolia grown for 5 weeks was more than those grown for 11 weeks. 5-week-grown Y. sonchifolia contained more total free sugar than 11-week-grown ones, and among total free sugar the content of fructose was the most, and the contents of glucose and sucrose were rather high. The roots of 11-week-grown Youngia sonchifolia were harder than those of 5-week grown ones. When the roots were soaked in NaCl solution, the hardness decreased with time. Salt concentration of the Kimchi of Y. sonchifolia increased by the brined material of the Kimchi with soaking time.Salt concentration of the Kimchi was higher in the leaves than in the roots.The roots and leaves of Y.sonchifolia grown for 11 weeks contained organic acids such as malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid,lactic acid, and citric acid,among which major organic acids were malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, whereas lactic acid and citric acid were minor organic acids.

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Pigment Stability of Lavers Porhyra tenera Kjellman during Processing and Storage (김의 가공 저장중에 있어서의 색소의 안정도)

  • LEE Kang-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.105-133
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    • 1969
  • The stability of three major pigments in lavers, namely chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phy-cobilins, during processing and storage was studied. The results of the pigment retention in fresh lavers during storage at low temperatures, of heat lability during heat treatment, and of the pigment loss during storage are summarized as follows: 1. The contents of chlorophyll a, xanthophyll (lutein+zeaxanthin), and carotene ($\alpha-+\beta-carotene$) averaged 1,525, 627, and $409{\mu}g/g$ of dry samples respectively The comparative composition of four carotenoids, lutein, $\beta-carotene$, zeaxanthin, and $\alpha-carotene$, was 35.9, 33.7, 12.2, and $5.8\%$ respectively. 2. In storage of fresh lavers at room ternperature ($20-25^{\circ}C$), 2 to $5^{\circ}C$, and $-15^{\circ}C$, the pigments generally were retained more at 2 to $5^{\circ}C$ than others while carotene only showed more retention at $-15^{\circ}C$ than at 2 to $5^{\circ}C$. Phycocyanin tended to decrease more rapidly than phyco-erythrin at low temperatures. 3. In regard to heat treatment of both dried and wet materials at 40, 60, 80, $100^{\circ}C$ respectively, the pigments were more stable at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures in both cases of materials. Carotenoids were retained more in wet materials than in the sun dried. Xanthophylls showed higher heat stability than carotenes. Phycoerythrin was considered more heat labile than phycocyanin, particularly at higher temperatures. 4. In storage of heat treated lavers for 50 days at room temperature, the retention of pigments appeared differently in accordance with the temperatures of treatment The materials treated at $60^{\circ}C$ showed better relention of pigments than those treated at the other temperatures. Degradation rate of xanthopllylls, carotenes, and phycobilins was decreased in the materials treated at higher temperatures, showing a tendency of great pigment retention even for a long period storage. Chlorophyll il was retained more in sun dried materials whereas xanthophyll and carotene were retained more in the wet. 5. In order to maintain a higher pigment stability during storage, the materials must be treated at $60^{\circ}C$ in a dryer with rapid ventilation until the moisture level reaches about $6.0\%$. In case of treatment at a higher temperature than $60^{\circ}C$, they must be treated for a short period of time to minimize pigment degradation by heat. 6. The lavers treated with the solutions of pH around 7.8 showed a higher retention of chlorophyll a. When treated with the solutions of algal extracts such as agar and alginic acid, uniform layer of laver sheets and better surface gloss of dried layers were obtained.

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Distribution Status and Age Structure of Abies holophylla Population in Sudo-Am Temple Forest (수도암 사찰림의 전나무 개체군 분포현황과 연령구조분석)

  • Choi, Byoung-Ki;Lee, Chang-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.160-166
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    • 2014
  • This study was aimed at looking into the distribution status and age structure of Abies holophylla population in Sudo-Am temple forest. It was found that a total of 302 individuals of Abies holophylla existed which were more than 2m in height within the study area. Furthermore the population size is one of the largest in the southern region of Korea. The CBH of Abies holophylla ranged from 1.5 cm to 500.8 cm. Age structure of Abies holophylla looks like a gourd-shaped bottle. This means that they have an unstable structure status and do not survive very long. This status results from a variety of factors including, vegetation succession, anthropogenic activities, and global warming. The environmental characteristics of Abies holophylla population was $931{\pm}64.5m$ in mean altitude, $19.2{\pm}8.7^{\circ}$ in mean slope in the northeastern and southeastern area of the slope direction, and $1,324,323{\pm}174,459wh\;m^{-2}$ in average of direct normal irradiation. Among the site environmental factors, the significant ones which influence the potential habitat for Abies holophylla distribution were chosen using the MaxEnt model. According to the results of this study, altitude and slope were found as the important factors. The average value of environmental conditions by ROC analysis were altitude 903.2 m, slope $20.04^{\circ}$, irradiation $1,352.248wh\;m^{-2}$, and the southeastern aspect.