• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

Histological and morphological development of the digestive tract of sevenband grouper were observed from after hatching to 60 days. Fishes were fed with rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis) and chlorella (Chlorella ellipsoidea) after hatching from 2 to 20 days rotifer and brine shrimp (Artemia salina) in after 20 days rotifer, brine shrimp and semi-dry artificial diet in after 23 days. Histological and morphological development of ten larvae was observed by paraffin embedding method after fixing in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Sevenband grouper RLG showed characteristics of carnivorous fish by average 0.87. Larvae after hatching can't open the mouth and anus digestive tract was observed in a straight line following yolk sac. Larvae was observed feeding activity by opening the mouth and anus. Metamorphosis started 8 days after hatching. Esophagus divided four layer, and goblet cell was observed in esophagus, mid intestine and rectum. Larvae started cannibalism and it was caused by difference of growth. The inside of stomach was differentiated to cardiac orifice, body of stomach, pyloric stomach, and pyloric caeca. Goblet cell was observed all intestine. Gastric gland differentiated after hatching 28 days in stomach. Secretion of gastric juice was found at stomach and mucosal fold pyloric caeca. Even thought the inside of stomach expended and the number of gastric gland increased consistently and goblet cell in intestine and mucosa became longer, histochemical changes follow couldn't be found during transforming juveniles 38 days after hatching.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

Whole plants were regenerated from callus induced from leaf explants in hybrid kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa${\times}$A. arguta). Callus was induced from leaf explants which cultured on MS solid medium supplemented with combination of auxin (2,4-D, NAA: 0.1~0.5 mg/l) and cytokinin (BA: 0.1~0.2 mg/l). them, the highest callus formation (96.2%) was obtained from the treatment of 0.5 mg/1 2,4-D+0.1 mg/l NAA+0.05 mg/l BA. In the experiment of adventitious shoots induction from primary shoots, only a few shoots were produced in the treatment of 1.0 mg/l BA+0.05 mg/l IBA or 2.0 mg/l BA+0.05 mg/l lBA. As the callus were transferred to the secondary shoot-inducing medium, multiple shoots were obtained from the medium supplemented with 1.0, 2.0 or 5.0 mg/l zeatin in addition to the mixed treatments of BA, thidiazuron (TDZ) or zeatin. However, no multiple shoots were induced on the BA-contained medium of concentrations. Therefore it turned out that addition of BA to medium was less effective for induction of multiple shoots from callus in Actinidia deliciosa${\times}$A. arguta. For producing adventitious roots from shoots, the best frequency of rooting (83.3%) were recorded on the treatment of in vitro rooting (Standardi (St)+1.0 mg/l IBA). On the other side, the lowest result (40.0%) were shown in the treatment of 500 mg/l IBA, 1 hr. Whole plants with shoots and roots were recovered and acclimatized successfully.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 1988

The leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa were isolated from leaf of plantlet in vitro and cultured for plant regeneration. The MS medium (minus $NH_4NO_3$) with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 2.0 mg/l 2, 4-D showed the moderate frequency of dividing protoplasts cultured by the liquid plating method during the first week of culture. The percentage of colony formation was revealed the highest frequency by the gauze contained semi-solid agar plating method after 5 weeks cultured. Ridding out the gauze, the micro-callus was formed on the same semi-solid medium in 8 weeks after protoplasts culture. For proliferation of callus, mini-callus was transferred on the MS solid medium with 0.5 mg/l 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg/l BAP 12 weeks after culture. Shoot regeneration occurred when the calli derived from protoplasts were cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg/l zeatin and such shoots could be readily rooted on the one half strengthen MS medium with non-phytohormone. Rooting shoots were planted in green-house 22 weeks after protoplast culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

As the molecular breeding was progressed, many plant transformation techniques were attained for improving transformation accuracy and used to produce useful transgenic plants. Day by day, new varieties were developed so new transformation techniques required for these newly developed varieties. Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a popular and economically important ornamental plant, all over the world. Keeping this in view, we selected 18 varieties of D. caryophyllus L. commonly available in the market and did optimization of culture conditions for more efficient tissue culture and to get higher number of plants via micro-propagation. Four varieties namely Yellowdotcom, Jakarta, Belmonte, Polartessino etc. were selected for organ culture studies from single cell line. The optimum growth was recorded in the MS media supplied with sucrose 3%, NAA 1.0 mg/L and TDZ 1.0 mg/L. except Belmonte, in which, BA 1.0 mg/L was found to be the best combination, in place of TDZ, rest ingredients were same. The most efficient coagulating agent used to obtain higher number of plant from callus was phytagel 0.3%. The most effective explant for higher shoot formation was stem in which 80.2% shoot formation was recorded. It also reduced culture periods by 6 days.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 1990

We have demonstrated expression of bacterial genes transferred into cells of Populus nigra ${\times}$ P. maximowiczii by A. tumefaciens strain 6044 (pGA 472). We determined the optimum concentration of kanamycin sulfate for effective selection of punctured leaf transformed using Agrobacterium binary vector pGA 472 containing a neomycine phosphotransferase gene (NPT-II) which confers kanamycin resistance. The combination of cefotaxime (200mg/l) and carbenicillin (300mg/l) showed good performance of discarding Agrobacterium from inoculated punctured leaf. A relatively low concentration (10mg/l) of kanamycin sulfate inhibited callus and shoots induction from punctured leaf. Number of shoots regenerated from co-cultured punctured leaf was 3.0 on MS basal medium supplemented with 10 mg/l kanamycin sulfate, while that of not co-cultured punctured leaf was none. The regeneration rate was 10% from the punctured leaf co-cultured on MS medium with 10 mg/l kanamycin. Regenerated shoots are developing from micropropagation for Southern blot analysis and inheritance of the kanamycin resistance trait (NPT-II).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a high frequency watermelon regeneration system using three breeding lines ('B02', 'B05' and 'D04') of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) which are differed in their fruits in shape, color of pericarp and flesh. The highest frequency of explants with callus was observed by using explants that consist of cotyledon proximal part end in all breeding lines, and the highest rate of callus induction was obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA for 'B02' (94%), 3.0 mg/L BAP for 'B05' (95%), 3.0 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L IAA for 'D04' (90%). The highest shoot regeneration rates from derived callus were obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA for 'B05' (94%), and then a 'B02' (81%) with a same culture conditions, and the lowest regeneration was obtained on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP for 'D04' (56%). Regenerated plants showed the best rates of root formation on MS containing 0.1 mg/L IBA for 'B02' (67%), 0.1 mg/L NAA for 'B05' (87%), 0.5 mg/L IAA for 'D04' (88%). The regenerated plants showed a 100% survival rate in soil condition. The tissue culture and regeneration conditions obtained from this study will be useful for regenerating plants in breeding applications, and will be a useful tool for further genetic transformation studies on watermelons.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.833-840
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• 1997

Differentiation and degeneration of spikelets in paddy rice has been studied in high yielding Indica$\times$Japonica hybrid cultivar, Milyang 23 and a Japonica type cultivar, Koshihikari. Germinated seeds planted in 5000$^{-1}$ a pots filled with submerged soil and cultured under natural conditions. The young panicles of main stem were continuously dissected and observered by Cryo-SEM from the panicle initiation stage, and investigated about formation position of the differentiation and degeneration spikelet within a panicle of 7 days after heading. The degeneration of spikelet appeared simultaneously throughout panicle just after closure of spikelet by the palea and lemma. Differentiated and degenerated spikelets per panicle were about 240, 80 for Milyang 23 and 87, 6 for Koshihikari, respectively. The spikelets degeneration in Milyang 23 was mainly on the secondary and tertiary branch which were developed from primary branch of middle-basal panicle node and hardly not the spikelets of primary branch, and degeneration rate of secondary and tertiary rachis branch and spikelets for Milyang 23 were 2.5 times greater than those of Koshihikari. The proper relation equation between total differentiation or normal spikelets number per panicle(Y) and each rachis branch number were different between cultivars, Le., Y=5.5X$_1$＋3.0X$_2$ for Koshihikari as previously proposed, but those of Milyang 23, Y=5.7X$_1$＋3.5X$_2$＋2.8X$_3$ for total differentiation spikelets and Y=5.6X$_1$＋3.2X$_2$＋2.4X$_3$ for normally developed spikelets, where X$_1$, X$_2$, X$_3$ are number of primary, secondary, tertiary rachis branch, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.534-539
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• 2010

'Hongro' is early-mid maturing cultivar with good quality like 'Tsugaru' and it has not preharvest drop. The CAX1 gene was introduced into Korean apple cultivar 'Hongro' by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring pBI121 to obtain transgenic apple with enhanced Ca level. The CAX1 gene playing the role of $H^+/Ca^{2+}$ transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana increases Ca concentration in several plants. Regenerated transgenic lines were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA for the existence of CAX1 gene. Southern blot analysis of 'Hongro' transformants showed that two putative transgenic lines were integrated with CAX1 gene in genomic DNA. The CAX1 comparative expression levels of two transgenic lines were higher than that of non-transformant evaluated by comparative quantification analysis using a real-time PCR. These two lines were multiplied in vitro, and micro-grafted on apple rootstocks 'M.9' in the isolated greenhouse. Since two years after micro-grafting, the fruits came into bearing. Compared to Ca level of the non-transgenic 'Hongro', that of the CAX1 transgenic 'Hongro' in the flesh and leaves was higher.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.448-458
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• 2021

Purpose: Mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit is widely grown in Asia and consumed as fresh fruit, jam, and juices. The fruit has beneficial health effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, and anti-obesity properties. However, the mechanisms by which mulberry fruit juice powder (MJ) regulates inflammatory microRNAs (miRs) are not yet known. This study investigated the effect of mulberry fruit juice powder on the regulation of inflammation and miR-132/143 during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Methods: The 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate for 2 days and then treated with various concentrations of MJ for 7 days. Cytotoxicity was determined by evaluating cell viability using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 assay kit. Intracellular lipid accumulation was evaluated by oil-red O staining. The levels of the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and inflammation, and miR-132/143 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results: MJ showed no cytotoxic effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes at concentrations below 100 ng/mL. Intracellular lipid accumulation was reduced by MJ treatment at concentrations of 100 ng/mL. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of proliferator-activated receptor-γ, cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine/enhancer-binding protein-α, and adipocyte protein 2, which are involved in adipogenesis, were suppressed by MJ. A reduction was also seen in mRNA levels of genes related to the inflammatory response, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The expression of the inflammatory miR-132 and miR-143 was also decreased by MJ. Conclusion: These results suggest that MJ may suppress adipogenesis and inflammation through the regulation of miR-132/143 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, MJ may be useful as a food agent that prevents obesity-associated inflammation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.605-608
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• 2021

Lily is one of the most important 5 cut flowers in international flower market and lilies are distributed in Asia, Eurasia and North America. To develop a new lily cultivar, in addition to hybridization, mutation and selection methods, biotechnological techniques including tissue culture are also required. Establishment of tissue culture system is one of the requirement for the breeding program in Lily. Among many fields of plant tissue culture, establishment of regeneration system via embryogenic calluses are studied in many crops. In this study, research was carried out to decide the proper concentration of picloram which is used for the induction of embryogenic calluses. As a result, 3 different types of callused were observed after 3-4 weeks. They were CEC (compact embryogenic callus), FEC (friable embryogenic callus) and white callus type. 1.0 mg /l of picloram showed the best result for the production of embryogenic callus, however, due to its higher rate of browning in this concentration, 0.75 mg/l of picloram was selected as a proper concentration of picloram for the induction of CEC and FEC in Lily. These results can be contributed to the establishment of both regeneration system and mass propagation in lily in the future.