• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.21-39
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to explore anger and its expression, psychoticism, addiction, and coping styles of victims, especially aggressive victims of dating violence, and to provide valuable information for prevention of dating violence and rehabilitation of victims. The participants were 477 female college students who had the experience of heterosexual dating relationships, whose ages ranged from 17 to 29 (M=20.59, SD=1.44). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: Straus' Conflict Tactics Scale, Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Eysenck Personalty Inventory, and multidimensional Coping Scale. Results revealed that victims only were more likely to receive violence as well as sexual harassments from their dating partners than aggressive victims of dating violence. Aggressive victims of dating violence showed higher level of trait anger and anger-out, and difficulty in control their anger than victim only and women who had not experienced dating violence. In addition, they also revealed symptoms of paychoticism and addiction. And aggressive victims of dating violence showed less active coping and more active forgetting and renunciation than victims only and women who had not experienced dating violence. Victims only of dating violence more like to criticize themselves and pursue religious coping than aggressive victims. Researcher discussed these results with previous studies.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify children's different styles of anger-expression and the characteristics of each anger-expression style. The Q-methodology with a 32 Q-sample was used to investigate and analyze the subjective expression of childrens's anger experiences. The subjects were 22 children living in D city, and the data were collected by means of interviews. The analysis revealed six styles of anger-expression, a solution which accounted for 65.13% of the total variance. The six styles were labeled "Patience type", "Avoidance-conversion type", "Reaction-seek type", "Control type", "Repression type", and "Conversion-consideration type". It was recommended that intervention strategies for children's appropriate anger-expression mode should be based on these six anger-expression styles.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.23-43
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to verify the frequency of and causes and expression types of anger in children, which had been identified by means of a Q-tool and to investigate the relationship among the types of causes and expressions of anger, emotional intelligence, and social competence. The subjects of this study were 1,018 children aged between 8 to 10 years of age. MANCOVA and Logistic regression analysis were utilized. The major findings of this study were as follows : (1) a Q-Tool was developed through the selection of statements representing the feature of each type of anger, in terms of both-cause and expression. (2) Social competence revealed significant differences according to children's gender and emotional intelligence revealed significant differences according to children's gender and the types of anger causes, and (3) Emotional regulation out of subordinate variables of emotional intelligence, and interpersonal adjustment out of subordinate variables of social competence affected the types of expressions of anger in children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of expressions of hostility, trait anger, and anger in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Method: Ninety patients between 30 and 80 who were admitted to A hospital participated in the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey using convenience sampling. The research tool consisted of 24 questions by Costa et al (1986) and 10 questions specifically on anger from the Korean version (Chon, Hahn, & Lee, 1998) of the State-Trait Anger Inventory by Spielberger (1988). All of the questions were answered using a 4-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS Win version 10.0. Result: Mean scores for hostility, trait anger, anger-out, anger-in, and anger-control were 2.51, 2.19, 1.93, 1.85, and 2.56, respectively. Hostility and trait anger showed a significantly positive correlation to anger-out and anger-in. Conclusion: This study presented baseline data that indicate that psychosocial factors are associated with the occurrence and progression of CAD. Accordingly, various programs that include psychological interventions are required to diminish the level of hostility and anger. Also, further studies should be conducted with larger patient populations.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.321-341
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• 2011

This study examines how anonymity between drivers affects aggressive driving and why, in an anonymous situation, some drive aggressively and others do not. Two surveys were conducted. The first survey covered 200 participants and found that people are more likely to drive aggressively in an anonymous situation than in a face-to-face situation. The second survey covered 384 participants with a history of aggressive driving and found that these aggressive drivers could be classified into three groups using a two-step cluster analysis. Drivers who often exhibit aggressive driving in anonymous situations were found in the second questionnaire to have a high tendency towards driving anger and towards ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. The tendency towards self-defensive ambivalence factor, one of the factors in the ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire, was also found to be high. Individuals who tended to drive aggressively in an anonymous situation were found to be susceptible to driving anger, usually faced ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and typically were indecisive. The results of this study suggest that rather than intensifying the enforcement of traffic regulations, a better remedy for those who drive recklessly would be to have them undertake some candid self-reflection.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 2021

This study is a descriptive research study to find out the relationship between degree of Self-Esteem, Anger-Out, Anger-In, Anger-Control and SNS Addiction Tendency of high school students, and the factors that influence SNS addiction tendency. For a total of 10 days from May 18 to 28, 2020, a total of 100 people were collected using online questionnaires to those who were attending high schools in S and G regions and using SNS. As a result of the study, SNS addiction tendency and self-esteem(r=.385, p<.001), anger-control(r=-.354, p<.001) showed a normal inverse correlation, and an anger-out (r=.321, p=.001), anger-in (r=308, p=.002) showed a common net correlation. Factors affecting SNS addiction tendencies were self-esteem(β=-.297, p=.001), gender(β=.266, p=.003), and anger-out(β=.247, p=.007), with 27.7% explanatory power in the regression model(F=12.279, p<.001). Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs to increase high school students' self-esteem and lower their anger-out in order to reduce SNS addiction tendencies, especially for female high school students in gender.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2017

This study aims to develop a reliable and valid Geriatric Reaction Inventory-Simplified Form (GRI-SF). Reaction inventory for measuring anger (Evans & Stangelang, 1971) is an assessment tool in a view of stimuli for measuring the level of anger invoked from the anger-triggered experiences. Yet, the inventory, comprised of 76 items, is sometimes incapable of finishing up the lengthy questionnaire. In the sense, a simplified form of RI is necessary for those lacks cognitive ability such as stroke patients or the elderly. In study 1, a full version of Reaction Inventory was given for the elder who are above 60, and ten items out of 76 was selected to form GRI-SF based on the psychometric theory. In study 2, the reliability and validity of GRI-SF was tested by another sample group of elderly with some additional examinations. The reliability was good with Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. Based on the fact that GRI-SF measures the personal trait anger, GRI-SF should not be only strong correlation with the scores of trait anger strongly, but be less correlated with scores representing other aspects of anger. As a result, GRI-SF score showed strong correlations with trait anger among other sub-categories of State-Trait Expression Inventory (STAXI), and was less correlated with anger-out score which reflects behavioral aspect of anger. Moreover, it is less correlated (r=.41) with hostility representing attitudinal or cognitive aspects of anger. Consequently, GRI-SF, constructed by this research, is verified to be a reliable and valid tool for anger measurement.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.183-193
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of black consumer behavior perception on the anger expression and turnover intention of beauty workers. For data collection, the final 392 copies were used by distributing questionnaires to 400 people for three months from November 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022, centering on beauty service workers in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon. For data analysis, SPSS 25.0 program was used. Frequency analysis was performed to identify demographic characteristics, and factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed to understand the validity of the measurement tool. Correlation analysis, A regression analysis was performed. As a result of the analysis, the transient and deterrence of black consumers had a positive (+) effect on anger expression, anger suppression, and turnover intention, and anger expression and anger control had a positive (+) effect on turnover intention. Therefore, it is necessary to raise excessive problems of black consumers or eradicate forced services, and it is believed that proper customer response methods and programs for stress relief should be provided by members.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 2005

Objects : We performed this study to investigate anger, anger coping, stress response, grade differences and gender differences in delinquent adolescents who were released with warning by police. Methods The subjects consisted of 285 delinquent adolescents who participated in the intervention program for preventing delinquency and 391 school students (male : 377, female : 299/middle school : 346, high school 330) in Seoul. STAXI-K and IES were used. Results : 1) The delinquent adolescent group had the higher scores of 'state anger', 'trait anger', 'total anger' than the student group. But the delinquent adolescent group had the lower scores of 'anger in', 'anger control' and 'stress response' than the student group. 2) The male delinquent adolescent group had the higher scores of 'anger control', 'stress response' than the female delinquent adolescent group. But there was no significant difference in anger. 3) The high school delinquent adolescent group had the higher scores of 'trait anger', 'anger control' than the middle school delinquent adolescent group. The high school adolescent group had the higher scores of 'stress response' than the middle school adolescent group. Conclusion : In anger, anger coping and stress response, the normal student group were different form the adolescent group who were released with warning by police committed. According to the grade and gender, differences were reported in this study. These characteristics can be more easily and more effectively applied to programs for the adolescent group who were released with warning by police committed.

• Korean journal of health promotion
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.147-158
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• 2018

Background: This study was designed to investigate the effects of usual negative emotional experiences on biological aging progression of human. Methods: A total of 237 subjects who visited the Health Promotion Center at Chungnam National University Hospital from May 2013 through September 2013 was enrolled. Each subject had been drawn up a structured questionnaire about usual experiences of depression, anxiety, anger, and anger expression. The degree of biological aging progression of each subject was computed by a specific formula which consisted of chronological age and biological age reflecting obesity and aging of main organs. Results: Trait anger and low education level showed the significant correlations with biological aging (r=0.160, P=0.014, and r=-0.189, P=0.024, respectively). Trait anger and low education level solely displayed the significant $R^2s$ for biological aging in consequence of multivariate analyses; $R^2=0.044$, P=0.020, and $R^2=0.022$, P=0.038, respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that the significant relationship between usual anger experience (i.e., trait anger) and biological aging would be present. In addition, lower education level may be related with biological aging.