• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2011

A Urethane resin restoration material was made to be used in the restoration of stone cultural assets. The Urethane resin restoration material showed strong adhesive strength and tensile strength similar to epoxy recovery material, which had been mainly used for the recovery of stone cultural assets. The sealing property, anti-shrinking property and paint-ability of Urethane resin restoration material are also similar to existing epoxy system restoration materials. Especially, this Urethane resin restration material is expected to give permanence and continuous stability in the restoration of cultural assets made in stone by resolving the two big issues of existing epoxy recovery material, which are 'yellowing' and 'ir-reversibility'. This Urethane resin restration material had been directly applied as a filling material and adhesive and it was dissolved again. The Urethane resin, which had been used for the recovery, was able to be perfectly removed, which means that this Urethane resin recovery material has perfect reversibility. This Urethane resin restoration material also has enhanced convenience since user can adjust the working-life dependent on work environment. It is believed that this Urethane resin restoration material can also be used as a filling material or adhesive for other cultural assets made of ceramic or metal heritage, in addition to stone, since it has strong adhesive strength and tensile strength.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

Oil pollution was world-wide prevalent treat to the environment, and the physic-chemical remediation technology of the TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) contaminated soil had the weakness that its rate was very slow and not economical. Bioremediation of the contaminated soil is a useful method if the concentrations are moderate and non-biological techniques are not economical. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of additives on TPH degradation in a diesel contaminated soil environment. Six experimental conditions were conduced; (i) diesel contaminated soil, (ii) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives, (iii) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives and the mixture was titrated to the end point of pH 7 with NaOH, (iv) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives and accelerating agents and (v) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives and accelerating agents, and the mixture was titrated to the end point of pH 7 with NaOH. After 10 days, significant TPH degradation (67%) was observed in the DSP-1 soil sample. The removal of TPH in the soil sample where microbial additives were supplemented was 38% higher than the control soil sample during the first ten days. The microbial additives were effective in both the initial removal rate and relative removal efficiency of TPH compared with the control group. However, various environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, also affected the activities of microbes lived in the additives, so the pH calibration of the oil-contaminated soil would help the initial reduction efficiency in the early periods.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2009

We fabricated the gap-filling material for antic-ceramics restoration which were made up polyvinyl butyral (butvar) base and silane system additive in iso-propyl solvent. This was made hardness control possible that user want. And it have very strong adhesion and shear strength properties and is shown the best properties for pigment filling, anti-contractibility, coloring as like epoxy system materials. Particularly, the yellowing and ir-reversibility problem in Epoxy restoration material were finally steadiness. So, there is guarantee in the eternity and stabilization of restoration for antic-celamics. And in order to show the reversible state of the restoration, we successfully dissolve this polyvinyl butyral gap-filling materials in solvent after perfect restoring the Punchong plate from sam-chun temple site subsequently.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.27
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• pp.91-102
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• 2022

Silica-based inorganic fillers for restoration of iron objects have been used for the reduction of thermal expansivity and the improvement of melt flow index. However, the higher the amount of filler is applied, the more degradation of mechanical properties and the yellowing occur, which could cause retreatment of the objects with adding stress to them. Thus, research on not only the quantification of a mixture of resin and filler but also the yellowing should be emphasized. Experiments on mechanical properties were carried out with a silica-based light filler, Micro Shell as a comparison group. The results of the experiment showed Micro Shell reduced the number of occurrences of the yellowing by 34% compared to existing fillers. The value of adhesion and specific gravity was also improved depending on the filler amount. The results of this research indicate the possibility of using Micro Shell as a new filler.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.26
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• pp.25-34
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• 2021

3D printing technology has been actively applied for the restoration of cultural properties. However, its application to the restoration of glass cultural properties has not yet been reported and thus requires further study. In this study, 3D printing technology was used to restore a defective part of a glass sarira bottle that forms an element of a series of sarira reliquaries commissioned by Yi Seonggye (known as King Taejo after founding the Joseon Dynasty) that was excavated from Geumgangsan Mountain (designated as Treasure No. 1925) and is currently housed at the National Museum of Korea. The defective area was reproduced using 3D printing and the printed reproduction was reproduced again using an epoxy resin. This latter piece was used as the restoration component rather than the 3D printed element. After the completion of the conservation treatment, the materials used for the 3D printing were compared with transparent materials used to restore ceramics to evaluate their usability and stability. A total of five specimens were produced, including from photocurable resin made by a stereo lithography apparatus (SLA), epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and more. They were exposed to UV for 96 hours to test for yellowing. Of the two specimens made of photocurable resins and exposed to UV, one was sprayed with a UV blocking agent but the other was exposed as-is. The UV exposure test showed that the specimen made by the SLA and sprayed with a UV blocking agent and the specimen made of epoxy resin were stable in terms of yellowing with a change in the b-value was less than 1. They are thus considered to be suitable materials for the restoration of glass cultural properties. Such glass cultural properties are often diverse in shape and their restoration can be difficult as they generally consist of a range of complex parts that hamper restoration. In this regard, diverse materials should be considered when selecting materials for the restoration of glass cultural properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.120-123
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• 1997

오염토양 복원의 신기술로서 미생물계면활성제를 이용한 생물학적 정화법(Bioremediation)의 표준화된 절차와 현장적용 결과를 제시하였다. 적절한 양분과 수분 그리고 산소를 공급하여 유류 오염물질의 생물학적 제거효율을 극대화시킬 수 있었으며 특히 유류오염물질을 효과적으로 분산시키기 위해 미생물계면활성제를 사용함으로써 오염된 토양을 단기간 내에 복원하는데 상당히 효과적인 기술임을 확인 할 수 있었으며 지속적인 현장적용 기술의 개발을 통하여 국내외적으로 당면하고 있는 토양오염문제를 해결하는데 크게 이바지 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.11
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

In this paper, key features of an excavated submarine article and general process of its conservation will be introduced. First, the conservation process of removing salt from an excavated submarine article was done by desalting stage, and the X-Ray photographing was done for its inner and outer damage detection. The process of making a restoration mold with the beeswax for the broken part, making restoration material with fillers and grinded broken pieces of earthen ware have similar color and quality, and color matching distinguishable for the naked eye after the whole conservation process have been finished.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-68
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• 1993

In the loess-paleosol sequences from central Great Plains, U.S.A., variation in magnetic susceptibility, FD, NRM have been proven to be excellent proxy for paleoclimate, and the standard interpretation is that climatic processes have enhanced the rock magnetic intensities. By using mineral magnetic properties, we show the magnetic signal is due to pedogenesis during the warm and possibly wet interglacials and interstadials. Other proxy records, such as stable carbon isotope and phytolith, are in good agreements with the magnetic records.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.91-95
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• 2000

계면활성제를 이용하여 토양에 존재하는 유기 오염물질을 제거하는데 있어서, 계면활성제가 토양과의 상호작용시 투수계수를 상당히 ($10^2$ 이상) 감소시키면 이 복원방법은 실용성이 없다 그러므로 본 연구의 목적은 선택된 계면활성제와 투수계수 사이의 상관 관계를 고찰하는데 있다. 본 연구 결과 계면활성제(DOSL) 사용 후 증류수와의 상대적 비교치로써 투수계수는 21~35 % 감소하였다. 이 감소 수치의 의미는 선택된 계면활성제(DOSL)는 토양 복원 연구에 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.690-698
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• 2010

Contamination of groundwater resources by organic chemicals has become an issue of increasing environmental concern. Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) is widely recognized as one of the most promising techniques to remediate organic contaminations in-situ. Solutions of surfactant or surfactant with polymer are used to dramatically expedite the process, which in turn, may reduce the treatment time of a site compared to use of water alone. In the design of surfactant-based technologies for remediation of organic contaminated aquifers, it is very important to have a considerable analysis using extensive numerical simulations prior to full-scale implementation. This study investigated the formation and flow of microemulsions during SEAR of organic-contaminated aquifer using the finite difference model UTCHEM, a three-dimensional, multicomponent, multiphase, compositional model. The remediation process variables considered in this study were the sequence of injection fluids, the injection and extraction rate, the concentrations of polymer in surfactant slug and chase water, and the duration of surfactant injection. For each variable, temporal changes in injection and production wells and spatial distributions of relative saturations in the organic phase were compared. Cleanup time and cumulative organic recovery were also quantified. The study would provide useful information to design strategies for the remediation of nonaqueous phase liquid-contaminated aquifers.