• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2018

Field surveys to investigate the incidence and occurrence pattern of viruses in red pepper were conducted during 2015-2016 in Korea. A total of 424 samples in 2015 and 368 samples in 2016 were collected based on selection of plants showing symptoms from farmer's field from every June to September. Reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction was used to test all samples for the presence of one or more of following viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). The average disease incidence was 91.7% in 2015 and 98% in 2016 and the all seven viruses were found although there were different kinds of regions. The percent virus incidence in collected samples during 2015 was as follows: CMV, 73.8%; BBWV2, 68.3%; BWYV, 46.9%; PMMoV, 14.6%; TSWV, 12.7%; PepMoV, 6.6% and PVY, 3.3%. For 2016, incidence was as follows: CMV, 73.3%; BBWV2, 71.4%; BWYV, 34.7%; TSWV, 27.9%, PMMoV, 19.2%; PepMoV, 13.5% and PVY, 3.5%. Mixed infections were prevalent over single infections and infection rate was 83% and 86.7% in 2015 and 2016, respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.213-216
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• 2005

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) occurred abruptly with a high incidence rate in 14 vegetable crops in Anyang area, Gyunggido in 2004. TSWV was identified by the symptoms on the indicator plants, immunocaptured reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC/RT-PCR), virion captured (VC)RT-PCR and RT-PCR using total RNA from the infected plants. Vegetable crops infected with TSWV included table tomato, cherry tomato, red pepper, lettuce, chicory, red leaf chicory, red mustard, dragon tongue, treviso, potato, perilla, sesame, pumpkin, and ssamchoo (hybrid of oriental cabbage and cabbage). The incidence of TSWV in fields ranged from 30 to $100\%$. TSWV usually produced necrosis, wilt and/or severe mosaic with typical single or double ring spots on the leaves. TSWV could be detected in Frankliniella occidentalis collected from the crops in the fields with $90\%$ rate by IC/RT-PCR.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop a easy seedling method to test large amounts of barley and wheat cultivars for resistance of powdery mildew. In addition, we also examined the resistance of genetic resources that have been used in barley and wheat breeding programs in Korea. This seedling test used paper bag with seeds can be completed within three weeks. to-day seedlings were available to inoculation and 8 days was needed for result reading. This method can test at least 180 collections at one time. we can identify the two resistant types by leave symptoms showed non infection and necrotic spots. Among the 79 Korean barley cultivars, only two cultivar, 'Sangrokbori' and 'Dajinbori' were resistant and 'Jejubori' showed moderate resistant. There was no resistant in hulless barley and wheat cultivars. It was same results in comparison of earlier resistant reports in field test. We confirm that this method could using in test of powdery mildew resistance in barley and wheat. Among the 1,401 genetic resources using in Korean breeding program, malting barley has more resistant collections comparing to 796 hulled and hulless barley and 273 wheat germplasms.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2016

Superintendents have been used microbial fertilizers to improve turfgrass growth and quality and to decrease turfgrass diseases in golf course. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound fertilizer containing microbe (MF) on the growth and quality of creeping bentgrass with turf color index (TCI), chlorophyll index (ChI), root length, turfgrass density, clipping yield and nutrient content. Treatments were designed as follows; non-fertilizer (NF), compound fertilizer (21-17-17; CF) as control, compound fertilizer (14-6-17) containing microbe. In pot experiment, TCI and ChI of creeping bentgrass in MF plot were similar to those in CF. But clipping dry weight of MF plot increased by 39.1% compared to that of CF plot. At field experiment applied with MF treatment, TCI, ChI, root length, and nutrient content and uptake of creeping bentgrass were similar to those with CF treatment, but turfgrass density with MF higher about 7.9-15.8% than with CF. These results indicated that the application of MF improved growth and quality of creeping bentgrass by enhancing clipping yield and shoot number.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

Basal rot of freesia caused by a Sclerotium sp. occurred at Incheon areas. Incidence of the disease reached up to 45% and averaged 17.0% in the fields. Typical symptoms consisted of sheath dry and leaf blight due to rots on basal leaves. The causal fungus was identified as Sclerotium sp. based on following mycological characteristics. The fungus formed sclerotia on cultural media and plant tissues, but did not produce asexual spores. On cultural medium, aerial mycelia of the fungus changed color from white to clay with cultural age and smelled musty odor. Numerous irregular and elliptical black microsclerotia of the fungus were formed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) after 5 days of incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ and sized $115{\sim}200{\times}95{\sim}150 (av. 145{\sim}126.5){\mu}m$. The fungus grew at $10{\sim}32^{\circ}C$ and $pH 4.0{\sim}8.5$. However, the optimal temperature and pH for mycelial growth of the fungus were $24^{\circ}C$ and 5.5 respectively. The isolate showed present pathogenicity to not only freesia but gladiolus in the pathogenicity test, and the symptoms were similar to those observed in the fields. Basal rot of freesia caused by Sclerotium sp. is firstly reported in Korea.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2001

The objective of this research was to develop a screening system for selection of grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)-resistant grape cultivars or seedlings under greenhouse condition. Inoculum concentrations ranging from $10^4$ to $10^5spores/mL$ for screening of resistance were evaluated and $5{\times}10^4spores/mL$ was optimum. Of the tested 14 grape cultivars, Campbell Early and Niagara were resistant to grape downy mildew, Sheridan and Cheongsoo were moderate resistant, while Kaiji, Red Queen and Ruby Okuyama were susceptible under both greenhouse and field conditions. Vitis vinifera grape cultivars were more susceptible to grape downy mildew than V. vinifera-labrusca hybrids and V. vinifera-labrusca-aestivalis hybrids. In V. vinifera-labrusca hybrids, tetraploid grape cultivars were more susceptible than diploid culivars. The evaluated results of grape downy mildew resistance under greenhouse condition were in accordance with those of field condition. Results of this study indicated that both greenhouse and field procedures could be used to screen grape cultivars and seedlings for downy mildew resistance.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.485-489
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• 2018

A mungbean cultivar "Munpyeong" (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) was derived as a cross between "Keumseong" and "IT163157" at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services (JARES) in 2013. "Munpyeong" has an erect growth habit, heart leaflet, green hypocotyls, black and straight pods when matured, and a dull green seed surface. The stem length of "Munpyeong" was 60 cm, which was 6 cm shorter than that of the control cultivar "Owool." The pod number per plant was 25, which was 3 more than that of the control cultivar. The 1000 seed weight of "Munpyeong" was 45 g, which was 4 g lighter than that of the control cultivar "Owool." Its field resistance to mungbean mottle virus, cercospora leaf spot, and powdery mildew are similar to the control cultivar, whereas its field resistance to lodging was slightly stronger. The hard seed rate of "Munpyeong" was 3.2%, which was similar to that of the control cultivar. The sprout yield ratio was 7.54 times, which was 9% more than that of the control cultivar. The average yield of "Munpyeong" was 1.93 ton/㏊, which was 21% more than that of the control cultivar "Owool" (Cultivar registration number: 5878).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2021

곰취는 주로 쌈용, 장아찌, 나물용 등으로 이용되고 있으며 주로 자생 곰취의 일종인 '곤달비' 라고 하는 종이 많이 재배되고 있다. 일반 곰취에 비해 곤달비는 향이 진하지 않고 씁쓸한 맛이 적어 인기가 많은 종이다. 또한 농가에서는 엽수가 많아 수량이 높기 때문에 재배를 선호하게 된 종이기도 하다. 그러나 곤달비는 수확후 여름을 지나면서 고온건조기에 흰가루병과 식물체가 위축되는 로젯현상으로 잎이 작고 진록색으로 되거나 고사하여 다음해의 수량을 저하시키는 원인이 되고 있다. 이렇게 2~3년 재배를 하면 연작장애와 더불어 결주가 생기기 시작하고 수량이 급격히 감소하는 문제가 발생되는 실정이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 흰가루병에 저항성이면서 세력이 우수한 한대리곰취와 일반곰취를 교배하여 흰가루병에 강하고 수량성이 뛰어난 계통을 선발하여 그 동안 '쌈마니', '다목이', '곰마니', '수마니', '그린베어' 등 5품종을 육성한 바 있다. 이번에는 용도 다양화를 위하여 잎이 매우 커서 김밥처럼 곰취 밥말 이용을 선발하여 품종을 만들고자 하였다. '대마니' 품종은 2007년 7월에서 9월까지 인공교배를 하여 종자를 얻었으며 2008년 3월에 파종하여 육묘후 포장에 정식하여 생육관리를 하였다. 2013년 생육 및 수량특성 조사에서 일반적으로 많이 재배되는 '곤달비' 종보다 우수한 7033-1번 개체를 선발하였다. 선발된 7033-1번 개체는 2014년부터 2020년까지 노지포장에서 증식되면서 고농G-7호로 계통화 되었으며 2019년부터 2년간의 생육특성 검정을 통하여 최종 선발하였다. 그리고 2020년 농작물직무육성 품종선정위원회에서 신품종으로 선정되어 '대마니(Daemani)'로 명명되었다. '대마니' 품종의 특성은 엽병귀의 색이 연녹색을 띠고 엽병에 털이 있으며 잎 뒷면에 털은 없으나 광택이 없고. 엽맥밀도는 보통이다. 쌈용, 데침쌈용, 묵나물용으로 이용이 가능하다. 특히 엽장과 엽폭이 39cm와 49cm로 '잎이 커서 밥말이용으로 적당하다. 주당 엽수는 54개로 '쌈마니' 품종보다 매우 적다. 주당 수량은 4,961g 으로 '쌈마니' 1,362g 보다 3배 정도 많았다. 추대시는 8월 28일, 개화시는 9월 16일로 '쌈마니' 품종보다 약 6일 정도 늦었다. 흰가루병 저항성 정도는 '쌈마니' 품종의 중도 저항성에 비하여 전혀 병에 감염되지 않는 강한 저항성을 보였다. 이와 같은 특성의 흰가루병 저항성 품종이고 잎이 큰 '대마니' 품종이 농가에 보급되어 출하된다면 밥말이용 등 용도다양화를 통한 새로운 소비창출이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to analyze the social-environment factors by region for cause of death elderly people in Korea and to study the factors of longevity. Methods. The study included 16 regions with a total of 177,585 elderly peoples. The data in this study was collected from The National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea. Results. Those regions the highest cerebrovascular disease were Incheon County in that order. The correlation of social-environment by cause of death factors were divorce (+0.832), air pollution of Pb ; lead (+0.879), smoking (+0.895), fatness (+0.666), local tax revenue (+0.756), air pollution of SO2 (+0.602) and dirt road (+0.863). Conclusions. We should learn to live long and healthily from residence harmonized with natural environment. Longevity of elderly peoples is to be fostered for the promotion of health by control the social-environment factors.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.370-375
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• 2012

Ninety two pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars were screened for resistance to two common species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. All 92 pepper cultivars were resistant to M. arenaria (0-3 eggmass/plant) but were susceptible to M. incognita (76-678 eggmass/plant). Susceptibility to M. incognita were slightly differed; 'Geomok' and 'Shintaepung' had relatively less eggmass (<100 eggmass/plant) when compared to those 29 very susceptible culivars such as 'Bulggotcheoreum' (>300 eggmass/plant). Therefore, pepper is highly recommended as a high-valued rotation crop to only those greenhouses infested with M. arenaria, but should restrict for M. incognita.