• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.861-870
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• 2019

This study was undertaken to establish optimum medium compositions for cost-effective mannitol production by Leuconostoc mesenteroides SRCM201425 isolated from kimchi. L. mesenteroides SRCM21425 from kimchi was selected for efficient mannitol production based on fructose analysis and identified by its 16S rRNA gene sequence, as well as by carbohydrate fermentation pattern analysis. To enhance mannitol production by L. mesenteroides SRCM201425, the effects of carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources on mannitol production were first determined using Plackett-Burman design (PBD). The effects of 11 variables on mannitol production were investigated of which three variables, fructose, sucrose, and peptone, were selected. In the second step, each concentration of fructose, sucrose, and peptone was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) and response surface analysis. The predicted concentrations of fructose, sucrose, and peptone were 38.68 g/l, 30 g/l, and 39.67 g/l, respectively. The mathematical response model was reliable, with a coefficient of determination of $R^2=0.9185$. Mannitol production increased 20-fold as compared with the MRS medium, corresponding to a mannitol yield 97.46% when compared to MRS supplemented with 100 g/l of fructose in flask system. Furthermore, the production in the optimized medium was cost-effective. The findings of this study can be expected to be useful in biological production for catalytic hydrogenation causing byproduct and additional production costs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.195-203
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• 2021

Aureobasidium pullulans, a black yeast, produces pullulan, a linear α-glucan composed of maltotriose repeating units linked by α(1→6)-glycosidic linkages. Pullulan can be widely used in food, cosmetic, and biotechnology industries. In this study, we isolated eight strains of A. pullulans from Forsythia koreana, Magnolia kobus DC., Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora, Cornus officinalis, Cerasus, and Hippophae rhamnoides. Among them, A. pullulans MR was selected as the best pullulan producer. The effects of a carbon source, a nitrogen source, and pH on pullulan production were examined. The optimal cultivation conditions for pullulan production by A. pullulans MR were determined by response surface methodology as 15% sucrose, 0.4% soy peptone, and an initial pH of 7 at 26℃. Under these conditions, the predicted pullulan production was 47.6 g/L, which was very close to the experimental data (48.9 g/L).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.501-514
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the management of atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults by analyzing the relationship between AD and intake of soft drinks in adults. Methods: This study was conducted on 5,931 adults aged 19 to 64 who completed the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for participants in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-3 and VII-1. Subjects were divided into an AD-diagnosed group and a non-AD group according to the diagnosis of AD. In addition, the group diagnosed with AD was divided into a 'symptom-AD' group and a 'no symptom-AD' group. The amount, frequency of intake, and nutritional status of soft drinks were analyzed using the FFQ. Results: Compared with the nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal of energy consumption, fat intake was higher in the AD-diagnosed group than in the non-AD group, and carbohydrate, dietary fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, and vitamin C were lower in AD-diagnosed group. The daily intake of soft drinks and the percentage of 'more than 0.5 servings per day' were also higher in the AD-diagnosed group than in the non-AD group. Also, the frequency of the intake of soft drinks was significantly higher in the AD-diagnosed group than in the non-AD group. The odds ratio of AD symptoms due to the intake of soft drinks increased 2.6 times when the intake was 'less than 0.5 serving per day'. Conclusion: AD in adults appears to be related to malnutrition and excessive consumption of soft drinks, and the current prevalence of AD symptoms may also be related to the intake of soft drinks. Based on these results, we suggest that one of the ways to manage AD in adults would be to limit their intake of soft drinks.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.55-71
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• 2022

Recently, the domestic department store industry is growing into a complex shopping cultural space, which is advanced and differentiated by changes in consumption patterns. In addition, competition is intensifying across 70 places operated by five large companies. This study investigates the determinants of the visits to department stores using the big data concept's automatic vehicle access system (pos) and proposes how to strengthen the competitiveness of the department store industry. We use a negative binomial regression test to predict the frequency of visits to 67 branches, except for three branches whose annual sales were incomplete due to the new opening in 2021. The results show that the demand for visiting department stores is positively associated with airport, terminal, and train stations, land areas, parking lots, VIP lounge numbers, luxury store ratio, F&B store numbers, non-commercial areas, and hotels. We suggest four strategies to enhance the competitiveness of domestic department stores. First, department store consumers have a high preference for luxury brands. Therefore, department stores need to form their own overseas buyer teams to discover and attract new luxury brands and attract customers who have a high demand for luxury brands. In addition, to attract consumers with high purchasing power and loyalty, it is necessary to provide more differentiated products and services for VIP customers than before. Second, it is desirable to focus on transportation hub areas such as train stations, airports, and terminals in Gyeonggi and Incheon. Third, department stores should attract tenants who can satisfy customers, given that key tenants are an important component of advanced shopping centers for department stores. Finally, the department store, a top-end shopping center, should be developed as a space with differentiated shopping, culture, dining out, and leisure services, such as "The Hyundai", which opened in 2021, to ensure future growth potential.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.613-628
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the health anxiety issues of middle-aged women, their health-promoting behavior, and quality of life as well as to examine the relationship between these variables. Methods: The participants were 334 women in Jeonbuk area. Demographic characteristics, the status of health anxiety, health-promoting behavior, and life quality was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a t-test, analysis of variance, Duncan test, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS ver. 24.0. Results: The score for health anxiety was 37.64 points out of a possible score of 60, and the score for health-promoting behavior was 79.18 points out of a possible score of 115. The score for the quality of life was 101.18 points out of a possible score of 150. The health anxiety scores showed significant differences, varying as per body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05), income (p < 0.05), occupation (p < 0.05), disease (p < 0.05), satisfaction with weight (p < 0.05), and interest in weight control (p < 0.05). The health-promoting behavior showed significant differences according to age (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.01), income (p < 0.05), menses (p < 0.05), intake of dietary supplements (p < 0.05), perception of body image (p < 0.05), and satisfaction with weight (p < 0.05). The quality of life showed significant differences according to BMI (p < 0.05), income (p < 0.01), education level (p < 0.05), occupation (p < 0.05), disease (p < 0.05), and satisfaction with weight (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that health-promoting behavior was the most influential variable on the quality of life, followed by disease and health anxiety. Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that it is necessary to consider educational programs on improving the quality of life of middle-aged women according to the health anxiety levels and health-promoting behavior.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.419-431
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• 2021

In Seoul, it has been confirmed that the duration of rainfall is shortened and the frequency and intensity of heavy rains are increasing with a changing climate. In addition, due to high population density and urbanization in most areas, floods frequently occur in flood-prone areas for the increase in impermeable areas. Furthermore, the Seoul City is pursuing various projects such as structural and non-structural measures to resolve flood-prone areas. A disaster prevention performance target was set in consideration of the climate change impact of future precipitation, and this study conducted to reduce the overall flood damage in Seoul for the long-term. In this study, 29 GCMs with RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were used for spatial and temporal disaggregation, and we also considered for 3 research periods, which is short-term (2006-2040, P1), mid-term (2041-2070, P2), and long-term (2071-2100, P3), respectively. For spatial downscaling, daily data of GCM was processed through Quantile Mapping based on the rainfall of the Seoul station managed by the Korea Meteorological Administration and for temporal downscaling, daily data were downscaled to hourly data through k-nearest neighbor resampling and nonparametric temporal detailing techniques using genetic algorithms. Through temporal downscaling, 100 detailed scenarios were calculated for each GCM scenario, and the IDF curve was calculated based on a total of 2,900 detailed scenarios, and by averaging this, the change in the future extreme rainfall was calculated. As a result, it was confirmed that the probability of rainfall for a duration of 100 years and a duration of 1 hour increased by 8 to 16% in the RCP4.5 scenario, and increased by 7 to 26% in the RCP8.5 scenario. Based on the results of this study, the amount of rainfall designed to prepare for future climate change in Seoul was estimated and if can be used to establish purpose-wise water related disaster prevention policies.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.153-185
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions and causes of the problem behaviors of Korean Chinese'left-behind'children in China in order to propose a support system to prevent problem behaviors of them. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 399 children who attend at three Korean Chines schools in Yonbian in China. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, internalizing problem behavior, social support, self-esteem, and self-resilience. This paper analysed the survey data by employing one-way ANOVA and a structural equation modeling. It verified if there is significant difference in internalizing problem behaviour, self-esteem, self-resilience, and social support between left-behind children's group and non left-behind children's group. It also identified a structural causal relationship and direct or indirect effects among problematic behaviour, self-esteem, self-resilience, and social support. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, there was a statistically significant difference in the social withdrawal and depression of internalizing problem behaviors between left-behind children's group and non left-behind children's group. Second, the left-behind children's group showed no significant difference in self-resilience and social support compared to non left-behind children's group, but showed a significant difference in self-esteem. In the positive self- esteem factor, non left-behind children's group showed much higher score whereas left-behind children's group was higher in the negative self-esteem factor. Third, social support for left-behind children's group has a statistically significant direct negative effect on internalizing problem behaviors, and indirectly negative effects on problem behavior through self-resilience. These results suggest the necessity of establishing a social support system for mitigating and preventing problem behaviors and the necessity of preparing measures to improve self-resilience. Based on the results of the study, we discussed how to establish a social support system in China to mitigate internalizing problem behaviors of Korean Chinese left-behind children.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.239-249
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• 2020

Rice flour varieties have been developed to replace wheat, and consumption of rice flour has been encouraged. damage related to pre-harvest sprouting was occurring due to a weather disaster during the ripening period. Thus, it is necessary to develop pre-harvest sprouting rate prediction system to minimize damage for pre-harvest sprouting. Rice cultivation experiments from 20 17 to 20 19 were conducted with three rice flour varieties at six regions in Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do. Survey components were the heading date and pre-harvest sprouting at the harvest date. The weather data were collected daily mean temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall using Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) with the same region name. Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) which is a machine learning model, was used to predict the pre-harvest sprouting rate, and the training input variables were mean temperature, relative humidity, and total rainfall. Also, the experiment for the period from days after the heading date (DAH) to the subsequent period (DA2H) was conducted to establish the period related to pre-harvest sprouting. The data were divided into training-set and vali-set for calibration of period related to pre-harvest sprouting, and test-set for validation. The result for training-set and vali-set showed the highest score for a period of 22 DAH and 24 DA2H. The result for test-set tended to overpredict pre-harvest sprouting rate on a section smaller than 3.0 %. However, the result showed a high prediction performance (R2=0.76). Therefore, it is expected that the pre-harvest sprouting rate could be able to easily predict with weather components for a specific period using machine learning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.179-198
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined general characteristics, health status, accessibility to medical services, health-related quality of life, dietary behavior, and energy and nutrient intakes of the elderly at different levels of food security utilizing data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). Methods: The elderly subjects (1,721 males and 2,271 females) were divided into 3 groups (secure, mildly insecure, moderately/severely insecure) according to their food security levels. Health and nutrient status was determined using energy intake, nutrient density, the prevalence of insufficient nutrient intake, dietary behavior, and health status. Results: The elderly with food insecurities had a lower self-evaluated health status and a higher prevalence of physician-diagnosed chronic diseases such as arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis for males, and hypertension, stroke, arthritis, and osteoarthritis for females. The associated financial burden was the major reason for not accessing medical services in the food insecure group. Furthermore, the food insecure group had a higher risk of impaired health-related quality of life compared to the secure group. The proportion of subjects with an energy intake below the estimated energy requirement was higher in the food insecure group and a significantly higher prevalence of insufficient intake was observed for all the nutrients (proteins, vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, and iron) assessed in this study compared to the food secure group. Conclusion: This study suggests that food insecurity poses a challenge to the health and nutritional status of the elderly population in Korea and needs proper management. It would be helpful to develop food and nutrition assistance programs to ensure the food stability of the elderly population and assure quality to address gaps in their nutrient intake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to establish a new QC method that can simultaneously evaluate the resolution of the x/y plane and the z-axis by producing a phantom that can reflect exposure and reconstruction parameter of MDCT system. It was used with Aquilion ONE(Cannon Medical System, Otawara, Japan), and the examination was scanned using of 120 kV, 260 mA, and the D-FOV of 300 mm². It produced new SSP phantom modules in which two aluminum plates inclined at 45° to a vertical axis and a transverse axis to evaluate high contrast resolution of x/y plane and z axis. And it changed factors such as the algorithm, distance from gantry iso-center. All images were reconstructed in five steps from 0.6 mm to 10.0 mm slice thickness to measure resolution of x/y plane and z-axis. The image data measured FWHM and FWTM using Profile tool of Aquarius iNtusion Edition ver. 4.4.13 P6 software(Terarecon, California, USA), and analysed SPQI and signal intensity by ImageJ program(v1.53n, National Institutes of Health, USA). It decreased by 4.09~11.99%, 4.12~35.52%, and 4.70~37.64% in slice thickness of 2.5 mm, 5.0 mm, and 10.0 mm for evaluating the high contrast resolution of x/y plane according to distance from gantry iso-center. Therefore, the high contrast resolution of the x/y plane decreased when the distance from the iso-center increased or the slice thickness increased. Additionally, the slice thicknesses of 2.5 mm, 5.0 mm, and 10.0 mm with a high algorithm increased 74.83, 15.18 and 81.25%. The FWHM was almost constant on the measured SSP graph for evaluating the accuracy of slice thickness which represents the resolution of x/y plane and z-axis, but it was measured to be higher than the nominal slice thickness set by user. The FWHM and FWTM of z-axis with axial scan mode tended to increase significantly as the distance increased from gantry iso-center than the helical mode. Particularly, the thinner slice thickness that increased error range compare with the nominal slice thickness. The SPQI increased with thick slice thickness, and that was closer to 90% in the helical scan than the axial scan. In conclusion, by producing a phantom suitable for MDCT detectors and capable of quantitative resolution evaluation, it can be used as a specific method in the management of research quality and management of outdated equipment. Thus, it is expected to contribute greatly to the discrimination of lesions in the field of CT imaging.