• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.33-43
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• 2002

Travel choice behavior is affected by real-time traffic information. Recently, in urban area, real-time traffic information is provided by several instruments such as transportation broadcasting, internet PC network and variable message sign, etc. Furthermore, it has been increasing for urban travelers to use real-time traffic information provided by several instruments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of advanced traveler information on urban worker's travel choice behavior. Among several Advanced Traveler Information System(ATIS) employed in urban area. This study focuses on examining the effects of transportation broadcasting on urban worker's travel choice behavior. This study attempts to examine traveler's mode change behavior in the pre-trip stage and traveler's route change behavior in the on-route stage. For this study, the survey data collected from Daegu City in 2000 is used. For empirical analysis, several nested logit models are estimated, and among them, the best models are reported in this paper. Furthermore, based on the empirical models estimated for this research, important findings and their policy implications are discussed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1999

Purpose : By sequencing the Erpressed Sequence Tags of human 걸ermal papilla CDNA library, we identified a clone named K872 of which the expression decreased during differentiation of HL6O cell line. Materials and Methods : K872 plasmid DNA was isolated according to QIA plasmid extraction kit (Qiagen GmbH, Germany). The nucleotide sequencing was performed by Sanger's method with K872 plasmid DNA. The most updated GenBank EMBL necleic acid banks were searched through the internet by using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tools) program. Nothern bots were performed using RNA isolated from various human tissues and cancer cell lines. The gene expression of the fusion protein was achieved by His-Patch Thiofusicn expression system and the protein product was identified on SDS-PAGE. Results : K872 clone is 1006 nucleotides long, and has a coding region of 675 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding region of 280 nucleotides. The presumed open reading frame starting at the 5' terminus of K872 encodes 226 amino acids, including the initiation methionine residue. The amino acid sequence deduced from the open reading frame of K872 shares $70\%$, identity with that of rat glutathione 5-transferase kappa 1 (rGSTKl). The transcripts were expressed in a variety of human tissues and cancer cells. The levels of transcript were relatively high in those tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and peripheral blood leukocyte. It is noteworthy that K872 was found to be abundantly expressed in coloreetal cancer and melanoma cell lines. Conclusion : Homology search result suggests that K872 clone is the human homolog of the rGSTK1 which is known to be involved in the resistance of cytotoxic therapy. We propose that meticulous functional analysis should be followed to confirm that.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

The regulation of gene expression plays an important role in cell cycle controls. In this study, a novel $mas2^+$ (mitosis associated protein) gene, a homolog of human SMARCAD1 was isolated and characterized from a fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) using gene-specific polymerase chain reaction. The isolated gene contained a complete open reading frame capable of encoding 922 amino acid residues with a typical promoter, as judged by nucleotide sequence analysis. It was also found that an SNF2 domain is located, which is involved in the chromosome remodeling. The quantitative analysis of the $mas2^+$ transcript against $adh1^+$ showed that the expression level of $mas2^+$ is high before septum formation in S. pombe. When $mas2^+$ null mutant cells were grown at 27 and $35^{\circ}C$, the cytokinesis of $mas2^+$ null mutant was greatly delayed and a large number of multi-septate and mis-segregated cells were produced. In addition, the number of multi-septate cells significantly increased. When cells were cultured in YES rich medium to increase proliferation, the abnormal phenotypes $mas2^+$ null mutant dramatically increased. These phenotypes could be rescued by an over-expression of the mast gene. The Mas2 protein localized in the nuclei of S. pombe, as evidenced by Mas2-EGFP signals. These results suggest that the $mas2^+$ is homologous to human SMARCAD1 gene and involved in septum formation and chromosome remodeling control.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.11 s.268
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• pp.838-843
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• 2006

Background: The lung is the most common site of metastatic colorectal cancer comprising 10% of all curative resection of colorectal cancer. The reported 5 year survival rate varies among institutions. The purpose of the present study was to present the retrospective analysis of colorectal metastatic lung cancer surgery at our institution. Material and Method: A total of 61 patients undergoing surgery for metastatic colorectal lung cancer between July 1996 and December 2003 were included in the present study. The stage of the primary colorectal cancer, site of pulmonary metastasis, method of lung resection, the number and size of the metastatic nodules, the recurrence rate, and survival were assessed. Result: The 3 and 5 year survival rates were 66% and 41%, respectively. No significant risk factors were identified among the studied variables by either univariate or multivariate analysis. The mean disease free survival rate was 17 months. The most common recurrent site was lung, and among these patients, 3 underwent a second operation and two are still alive. Conclusion: The results of the above data suggest that pulmonary resection of metastatic lung cancer in select patients after curative resection of colon cancer may be a good therapeutic option with the potential for excellent results.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.156-165
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• 2001

Exogeneous application of pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), a ribosomal-inacivating protein in the cell wall of Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) protects heterologous plants from viral and fungal infection. A cDNA clone of PAP introduced into Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel by thransformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciences. For plant transformation, explants were precultured on shoot induction medium without kanamycin for 2-5 day, and then they were cocultured with Agrobacterium for 10 minutes. The explants were placed on co culture medium in dark condition, $28^{\circ}C$ for 2days. After explants were washed in MS liquid medium, they were transferred into selection medium including kanamycin 50mg/L (MS salts+1mg/ l BAP+2mg/ l TDZ+0,2mg/ l NAA+MS vitamin+3% sucrose+0.8% agar, pH5.8). From PCR analysis, NPT II band was confirmed in transgenic plant genome and showed resistance against fungi in antifungal activity test. Micro assay to which protein extracted from transgenic line were added, revealed hyphae growth inhibition and no spore germination at high concentration. The characteristics of inhibited hyphae was represented transparent and thin. Expression of PAP in transgenic plants offers the possibility of developing resistance to viral and fungal infection.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2014

Cauliflower mushroom widely known high concent of ${\beta}$-glucan for farm cultivation invigoration verified characteristics of mycelia growth, genetic diversity, resistance to Trichoderma by replacement culture with Trichoderma and growth characteristics of new variety crossbleeding strain. The result of replacement culture with Trichoderma for verification resistance about Trichoderma, 6951 (T. viride) strain did not show special change after formation of confrontation line and 6952 (T. spp.) strain was showed more formation of spore after formation of confrontation line. But 6426 (T. harzianum) strain found to encroach part of growth area of cauliflower mushroom mycelia. Among 10 kinds cauliflower mushroom strain, JF02-06 strain collected by Gurye, found did not spore of Trichoderma and thought to be resistant to Trichoderma. The result of crossbleeding after selected that mother strain good growth and formation of fruit body, verified good mycelia growth at JF02-47, 49 and 50 strain in Korean pine of wood-chip media. The result of gene sequence about ITS1, 5.8S and ITS4 for analysis of genetic diversity at crossbleeding strain, found high significance to other cauliflower mushroom in registered Genebank. The result of growth characteristic of spore and mycelia of cauliflower mushroom by observation microscope, size of spore showed water drop shape to major axis $6{\mu}m$ and minor axis $5{\mu}m$ and clamp showed 3 types in mycelia. The wide of mycelia was $3{\mu}m$. The characteristic of mycelia of cauliflower mushroom found to grow mycelia in clamp at approximately 50%. The growth speed of mycelia was $0.507{\mu}m/min$ and 2nd mycelia grown similar speed to mother mycelia at parallel with mother mycelia after growth speed at $0.082{\mu}m/min$. The formation of clamp made small clamp for 5 hours after shown transfer of electrolyte in mycelia inside. The septum formation started after 3 hours and then finally completed after 2 hours. In this study, strain of cauliflower mushroom verified resistance of Trichoderma, genetic diversity and characteristic of mycelia growth. Therefore, basic knowledge of cauliflower mushroom will improve and further contribute to development of mushroom industry.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.441-450
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effects of partial replacement of corn grain and soybean meal with agricultural by-product feeds on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and optimum levels of mixing ratio. The agricultural by-products to examine the effectiveness of the partial replacement of concentrate were wheat bran, corn gluten feed, bakery waste, soybean curd, rice bran, green kernel rice, soybean hull, distillers' grain, and mushroom substrate. In the first experiment, in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after incubation. In the second experiment, fermentation characteristics were investigated with green kernel rice and soybean curd which replaced corn grain or soybean meal. Feed were formulated with 40% corn grain + 20% soybean meal (T1), 40% corn grain + 17.5% soybean meal + 2.5% soybean curd (T2), 25% corn grain + 20% soybean meal + 15% green kernel rice (T3), and 30% corn grain + 15% soybean meal + 6% green kernel rice + 9% soybean curd (T4), respectively, with forage source of 10% alfalfa hay, 20% timothy hay, and 10% corn silage as fed-basis. In 24 and 48 hour cultivations, T4 showed significantly lower pH compared to T1, whereas in 3 and 24 hour cultivations, T4 showed significantly higher DM degradation compared to T1. In addition, the gas production of T3 was also higher than T1 (p<0.05). Overall results of the present experiments indicated that green kernel rice and soybean curd as agricultural by-products have the possibility of partial replacements of corn grain and soybean meal.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

Black garlic has recently received significant attention due to its various health functional properties, and there has been an increase in demand for its use as a functional food. This study was performed to determine the optimum concentration for the fermentation of black garlic yakju. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the fermented black garlic yakju was examined. The alcohol content in the black garlic yakju significantly increased for 6 days and the pH gradually increased as the concentration of black garlic increased. The reducing sugar content at each black garlic concentration was maximal when it was fermented for 24 hours, and then rapidly decreased at longer fermentation periods. The main organic acids were lactic, citric, malic and oxalic acid. Also, the lactic acid content increased as the concentration of the black garlic increased where as the content of other organic acids decreased. The total polyphenol content, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity of black garlic yakju increased as the concentration of black garlic increased. The sensory characteristics of fermented black garlic yakju were evaluated in terms of color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability, and the highest overall acceptability value was obtained for yakju containing a black garlic concentration of 1-3%. Therefore, the optimum concentration of black garlic was determined to be 1% for the production of high quality black garlic yakju.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

AprE51 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CH51 is a 27 kDa subtilisin-like protease with fibrinolytic activity. AprE51-6 showing increased catalytic activity was produced previously. To enhance the thermostability of AprE51-6, 2 residues, Gly-166 and Asn-218 based on B. subtilis subtilisin E were mutated by site-directed mutagenesis. The results of the mutational analysis showed that substitution of arginine for Gly-166 (AprE51-7) increased the fibrinolytic activity 1.8-fold. An N218S mutant (AprE51-8) also increased the fibrinolytic activity up to 4.5-fold in a fibrin plate assay. Purified AprE51-7 and AprE51-8 mutants had a 1.9- and a 2.5-fold higher $k_{cat}$, respectively, and a 2.1-1.9-fold lower $K_m$, respectively. This resulted in a 3.8- and a 4.7-fold increase in catalytic efficiency ($k_{cat}/K_m$), respectively, relative to that of wild-type AprE51. AprE51-8 had a broader pH range than AprE51-6 and nattokinase, especially at an alkaline pH value. In addition, AprE51-8 showed higher thermostability than AprE51-6 at $60^{\circ}C$. The half-lives of AprE51-7 and AprE51-8 at $50^{\circ}C$ were 21.5 and 27.3 min, respectively, which are 2.0 and 2.6 times longer, respectively, than that of the wild-type AprE51.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1152-1160
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• 2017

A unicellular green alga was axenically isolated from a tidal pool on Ulleung-do, Korea. Morphological, molecular, and biochemical analyses revealed that the isolate belonged to Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The current study is the first record of this species in Korea. The microalgal strain was named as A. protothecoides MM0011 and its growth, lipid and pigment compositions, and biomass properties were investigated. The strain is able to thrive in a wide range of temperatures ($5{\sim}35^{\circ}C$) and to withstand up to 1.5 M NaCl. The results of GC/MS analysis showed that the isolate was rich in nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Its major fatty acids were linoleic acid (27.6%) and ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid (39.6%). Thus, this indigenous microalga has potential as an alternative source of ${\omega}3$ and ${\omega}6$ PUFAs, which currently come from fish and plant oils. Also, the HPLC analysis revealed that the value-added antioxidant, lutein, was biosynthesized as the accessory pigments by the microalga. A proximate analysis showed that the volatile matter content was 85.6% and an ultimate analysis indicated that the gross calorific value was $20.3MJ\;kg^{-1}$. Since 40.5% of total nitrogen and 27.9% of total phosphorus were removed from the medium, respectively, it also has potential as a feedstock for biofuel applications which could be coupled to wastewater treatment. In addition, the biomass may also serve as an excellent animal feed because of its high protein content (51.4%). Therefore, A. protothecoides MM0011 shows promise for application in production of microalgae-based biochemicals and as a biomass feedstock.