• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.242-252
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined the current status of depression and related factors among children using community child center. Methods: A cross-sectional study selected children in grades 4-6 who used the Gwangju and Jeollanamdo community child center (n=224) using a convenience sampling method. General characteristics, family characteristics, children's emotional characteristics, children's school life environment and depression status were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Results: The average score of depression among children using community child center was 15.31±7.70 out of a total of 27. Fifty-eight (25.9%) children had depression above 22 points. Variables related to children's depression were shown as grade, subjective economic level awareness, after-school activities excluding local children's centers, presence of family members after school, and family structure. Conclusions: The depression prevalence of children using community child center was higher. Policy support such as children's psychological support programs would be needed to reduce children's depression, and community child centers are expected to be effective in reducing children's depression if continuous child psychological support services are developed for children's mental health.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2003

The goal of rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction are return the patient to a reinjury level of activity with stable joint, removing pivot shift phenomenon, preservation of meniscus, restoration of range of motion, and minimize patello-femoral complication. The ACL reconstruction should avoid immediate surgery. The preoperative phase emphasizes two important factors. (1) The patient should have a resolution of knee swelling, a return of full ROM, and a normal gait. (2) The patient should be mentally prepared for the operation and subsequent rehabilitation. The postoperative rehabilitation program emphasizes extension, closed kinetic chain function exercises. The regular follow-up is important.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.538-543
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• 2017

Astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Cheongdo-Bansi) peel with the astringency removed, which is a by-product of dried persimmon (gotgam), was investigated for its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. A mixture of peel and 40% (v/v) aqueous ethanol was subjected to ultrasonication and then thermal and nonthermal treatments, to produce thermally-treated and nonthermally-treated persimmon peel extracts (TPE and NTPE, respectively). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant capacity of TPE was approximately 1.3-1.8 times higher than those of NTPE. TPE resulted in the increased viability of neuronal PC-12 cells compared with NTPE. Furthermore, intracellular oxidative stress in PC-12 cells was more decreased by treatment with TPE than NTPE. Cholinesterases, such as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, were more inhibited by treatment with TPE than NTPE. These results suggest that TPE is useful as a functional material to decrease oxidative stress in neuronal cells and to inhibit cholinesterases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2009

This paper focuses on the attempt to manual application for optimization structural scale of stone and Gabion at the closing gap of sea dike. The manual was developed through hydraulic model experiment that measured the critical velocity of sill-crest, bottom protection and dam-face at the final closure of Saemangeum sea dike, and through the comparison and verification of critical velocity for each scale calculated by existing empirical formula. Also, the critical velocity when rocks are used together with gabion is measured to add to the manual, which is an initial attempt that had not been executed before. The manual proposes the appropriate structural scale according to the measured critical velocity per day during the final closure period of Saemangeum sea dike, and its application was appraised highly after the completion of the final closing.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2009

Purpose : Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal mortality and subsequent lifelong neurodevelopmental handicaps. Although many treatment strategies have been tested, there is currently no clinically effective treatment to prevent or reduce the harmful effects of hypoxia and ischemia in humans. Erythropoietin (Epo) has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in various brain injury models although the exact mechanisms through which Epo functions are not completely understood. This study investigates the effect of Epo on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and the possibility that its neuroprotective actions may be associated with iron-mediated metabolism. Methods : HI brain injury was produced in 7-day-old rats by unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia with 8% oxygen for 2 h. At the end of HI brain injury, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 5,000 units/kg erythropoietin. Random premedication with iron, deferoxamine, iron-deferoxamine, or saline were performed 23 d before HI brain injury. The severity of the brain injury was assessed at 7 d after HI. Results : Single Epo treatment post-HI brain injury reduced the gross and histopathological findings of brain injury. Iron premedication did not increase the incidence or severity of the injury as measured by the damage score. Deferoxamine administration before HI brain injury improved the brain injury as compared to no treatment or Epo treatment. Conclusion : These findings indicate that Epo provides neuroprotective benefits after HI in the developing brain. These findings suggest that Epos neuroprotective actions may involve reducing iron in tissues that mediate the formation of free radicals.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.170-180
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• 2008

Purpose : Some antibiotics were known to exert neuroprotective effects in the animal model of hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) brain injury, but the mechanism is still unclear. A recent study reported that geneticin (G418), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, increased survival of human breast cancer cells by suppressing apoptosis. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of systemically administrated geneticin via anti-apoptosis following the H-I brain injury Methods : Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were subjected to unilateral (left) common carotid artery occlusion followed by 2.5 hours of hypoxic exposure and the cortical cell culture of rat brain was done under a hypoxic incubator. Apoptosis was measured in the injured hemispheres 7 days after H-I insult and in the injured cells from hypoxic chamber using morphologic analysis by Terminal dUTP Nick-end Labeling(TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, and cytologic analysis by western blot and real time PCR for bax, bcl-2, and caspase-3. Results : The gross appearance and hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed increased brain volume in the geneticin-treated animal model of perinatal H-I brain injury. The TUNEL assay revealed decreased apoptotic cells after administration of geneticin in the cell culture model of anoxia. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased caspase-3 expression in geneticin-treated cortical cell culture. Western blot and real-time PCR showed decreased caspase-3 expression and decreased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression in geneticin-treated animal model. Conclusion : Geneticin appears to exert a neuroprotective effect against perinatal H-I brain injury at least via anti-apoptosis. However, more experiments are needed in order to demonstrate the usefulness of geneticin as a preventive and rescue treatment for H-I brain injuries of neonatal brain.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.1337-1347
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• 2009

Purpose:Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a simple sulfur-containing amino acid. It is abundantly present in tissues such as brain, retina, heart, and skeletal muscles. Current studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of taurine, but limited data are available for such effects during neonatal period. The aim of this study was to determine whether taurine could reduce hypoxic-ischemic (HI) cerebral injury via anti-apoptosis mechanism. Methods:Embryonic cortical neurons isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 18 days gestation were cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into hypoxia group, taurine-treated group before hypoxic insult, and taurine-treated group after HI insult. In the in vivo model, left carotid artery ligation was performed in 7-day-old SD rat pups. The pups were exposed to hypoxia, administered an injection of 30 mg/kg of taurine, and killed at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after the hypoxic insult. We compared the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 among the 3 groups by using real- time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. Results:The cells in the taurine-treated group before hypoxic insult, although similar in appearance to those in the normoxia group, were lesser in number. In the taurine-treated group, Bcl-2 expression increased, whereas Bax and caspase-3 expressions reduced. Conclusion:Taurine exerts neuroprotective effects onperinatal HI brain injury due to its anti-apoptotic effect. The neuroprotective effect was maximal at 1-2 weeks after the hypoxic injury.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop a cognitive-behavioral intervention for college students at high risk for mental health and to investigate its effect on mental health outcomes. Methods : The program was developed to reduce depressive symptoms and adverse outcomes while promoting resilience and positive effects. It consisted of eight sessions in a small group format for eight weeks. Thirty subjects at high risk for mental health participated in the program. Outcomes on the depressive symptoms, resilience, satisfaction with life, negative affect, and positive affect were evaluated at pre-and post-intervention. Results : Depressive symptom scores reduced significantly post-intervention compared to pre-intervention (t=3.51, p=0.002). Resilience scores (t=-3.65, p=0.001) and satisfaction with life scores (t=-3.00, p=0.006) increased after intervention than pre-intervention. Positive affect scores decreased post-intervention (t=2.28, p=0.031). There was no significant difference between pre-and post-intervention negative affect scores (t=-0.94, p=0.356). Conclusions : Present study demonstrated that group-based cognitive-behavioral intervention could be helpful for college students at high risk for mental health to reduce mental health symptoms and improve healthy protective factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1727-1733
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Vaccinium uliginosum L. (bilberry) on chemically induced diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six groups, control (CON), bilberry added group (CBB), streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic group (STZ), STZ and bilberry added group (SBB), high fat fed group (HFF) and high fat and bilberry added group (HFB). Diabetes was chemically induced by intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg body weight STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Serum triglycerides decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the STZ group that was fed bilberry. Additionally, the athrogenic index (AI) decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared to the STZ group, while the liver triglycerides tended to decrease in the STZ group. HDL-cholesterol also increased significantly in response to bilberry. When compared to the STZ group, steady attenuation of the blood glucose level was observed upon fasting, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min after oral glucose administration. The blood glucose level in the bilberry fed group decreased by 24% when compared to STZ group, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) became significantly higher (p<0.05) in the STZ group when compared to the CON group. Overall, the results of this study suggest that bilberry stimulates lipid metabolism in both the serum and liver and has a positive effect on glucose metabolism in chemically induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.231-239
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gobonyangjeonbang (GYB) on the endocrine function and the antioxidant efficacy of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced oxidative stress in rats. In 2017, to evaluate the efficacy of GYB on oxidative stress, 35 male SD rats were divided into five groups and tested. The normal control group was administered saline as a vehicle, while the TCDD-alone group was administered TCDD (2 ㎍/kg per week) intraperitoneally and with physiological saline, and the test group was administered GYB orally by dividing it into three concentrations (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) for six weeks. Bodyweight decreased significantly after six weeks of TCDD exposure, when compared to rats in the NC group (p<0.001). However, weight loss from TCDD was significantly protected by administration of GYB at 300 mg/kg (p<0.01). The rat liver induced by TCDD showed cytoplasmic vacuole degeneration, and the hepatic sinusoid and weight increased. As a result of measuring MDA and SOD, both items tended to decrease under TCDD administration. On the other hand, there was no change due to GYB administration, and significance was observed in the GYB 300 mg/kg group compared to the NC group in the SOD result (p<0.05). These findings demonstrated that GYB may have a protective effect against TCDD-induced liver toxicity in rats.