• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.990-1001
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceiver's gender, clothing, and hairstyle on the visual evaluation of men's professionalism and preference. A quasi-experimental method by questionnaire was used. The experimental design was a $2\times8\times2$ (perceiver's gender $\times$ clothing $\times$ hairstyle) factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli were 16 photographs of a man in his twenties. The upper clothing of the man included tailored collar jackets in beige and dark blue colors, and jumpers and sweaters in beige, dark blue, and red colors. The lower clothing of the men included jean pants. Two types of the hairstyles included short hair and medium length hair. The subjects were 208 men and 223 women in Seoul, Korea. Wearing a beige sweater with jean pants was evaluated high in intellectual image, a red jumper was perceived low in intellectual image, and a beige tailored collar jacket was evaluated low in potent image. Men's short hairstyle was evaluated to be more professional than the medium length hair. Male perceivers liked short hair more than medium length hair, but female perceivers evaluated both hairstyles similarly. In the case of women, the preferences of tailored collared jacket and soutien collared jumper were similar, but jumper was preferred to jacket in the case of men. Male perceivers showed more positive feedback towards jean pants with soutien collared jumper than jeans with tailored collared jacket, which indicated that men showed more conservative attitude towards the outfit than women. The man who was wearing a jumper with short hair was evaluated positively and the man who was wearing a jacket with medium length hair was evaluated negatively when the attires were coordinated with jean pants. In conclusion, medium length hairstyle with a beige jacket and short hairstyle with a red sweater were evaluated as professional image; and the results indicated that clothing and hairstyle interact with each other and influence the evaluation of professionalism.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.287-300
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• 2005

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in head and neck show a variability in the response to chemotherapy, even when it present with similar histological tumor type, grade, and clinical stage. The purpose of present study it to identify predictive bio-marker for the sensitivity or resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Cisplatin Oral cancer cell lines were used in present study. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and/or resistance to 5-FU and Cisplatin. And RT-PCR was carried out for evaluation of the mRNA expressions of various genes associated with mutation, inflammation (COX pathway), cell cycle, senescence and extracellular matrix (ECM). The molecules which are correlated with the sensitivity to 5-FU are XPA, XPC, OGG, APEX, COX-2, PPAR, Cyclin E, Cyclin B1, CDC2, hTERT, hTR, TIMP-3, TIMP-4 and HSP47. And the molecules are correlated with the sensitivity to Cisplatin are COX-1, iNOS, eNOS, PCNA, collagen 1 and MMP-9. Taken together, when choosing the appropriate chemotherpeutic agents for patients, considering the molecules which are correlated or reversely correlated is helpful to choose the resonable agents for cancer patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.291-295
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a butanol (BuOH) fraction from an extract of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc.) needles, on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in the liver membranes of rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups over a 45 days study period: the control group on a basic diet, and three experimental groups on three different dietary levels of the butanol fraction, specifically 25 mg (BuOH-25), 50 mg (BuOH-50), and 100 mg (BuOH-100) butanol fraction/kg body weight/day, thereby 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% of butanol extract of pine needles was added to basil diet respectively. At the end of the experimental period, body weights and food intakes were not different among the four groups. The results showed that cholesterol accumulation in the mitochondria and microsomes of liver cells was significantly inhibited in the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups: by 11.6% and 20.1% in the mitochondria of the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups, respectively; and by 10.5%, and 13.5% in the microsomes of the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups, respectively, compared with the control group. The levels of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) were significantly) lower in the liver mitochondria of the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups (by 13.3% and 18.5%, respectively), while OH radicals were significantly lower in the microsomes or all three experimental groups (by 15.7% in the BuOH-25 group, 20.0% in the BuOH-50 group, and 20.6% in the BuOH-100group), compared with the control group. Superoxide radical (O$_2$) formation was also significantly inhibited in the liver cytosol of both BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups; the levels of these radicals were 8.0% lower for the BuOH-50 group and 11.1% lower for the BuOH-100 group, compared to the control group. Copper/Zinc - superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activities were significantly increased (by 10.3% and 15.9%, respectively) in the liver cytosols of the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups, but Mn-SOD activities were almost identical in the three RuOH groups, compared with the control group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were significantly increased in the three experimental groups (by 9.0% in the BuOH-25 group, 19.4% in the BuOH-50 group, and by 25.6% in the BuOH-100 group), compared with the control group. These results suggest that the butanol extract of pine needles may play an effective role in attenuating oxygen radicals and activating scavenger enzymes; consequently, aging may be very effectively modulated and/or inhibited.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a butanol extract of pine needles (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc) on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups over a 45 days study period: the control group on a basic diet, and three experimental groups on three different dietary levels of the butanol fraction, specifically 25 mg (BuOH-25), 50 mg (BuOH-50), and 100 mg (BuOH-100) butanol fraction/kg body weight/day, thereby 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1% of butanol extract of pine needles was added to basic diet respectively. At the end of the experimental period, body weights and food intakes were food intakes were not different among the four groups. Total and LDL-cholesterol levels were markedly decreased in the BuOH-25, BuOH-50, and BuOH-100 groups, respectively, as follows: 12.8%, 19.1% and 21.6% reductions in total cholesterol; and 10.2%, 15.6% and 23.7% reductions in LDL-cholesterol. However, HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased (by approximately 20%) in the serum of the BuOH-100 group only, compared with the control and other experimental groups. Atherogenic indices were also markedly decreased in the three experimental groups, by 24.8%, 30.4% and 36.2%, for each of the BuOH-25, BuOH-50, and BuOH-100 groups, respectively, compared with the control group. The levels of the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and of lipid peroxide (LPO) in the serum of the three experimental groups were significantly reduced, by 9.8%, 19.7% and 21.2%; and by 13.3%, 13.3% and 16.7%, for the BuOH-25, BuOH-50, and BuOH-100 groups, respectively Significant increases in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in the BuOH-50 and BuOH-100 groups; specifically, 12.1% in the BuOH-50 group and 23.3% in the BuOH-100 group, compared with the control group. Significant increases in catalase (CAT) avtivities, of 24.7% in the BuOH-50 group and 29.2% in the BuOH-100 group, were also observed, compared to the control group. These results suggest that a butanol extract of pine needles could inhibit chronic degenerative disease through improving lipid metabolism, and could also effectively modulate the aging process attenuating oxidative stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.400-408
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• 2006

Nutritional components of 4 kinds of red seaweeds, Meristotheca papulosa, Chondrus ocellatus, Gracilaria verrucosa, Gigartina tenella, were investigated to elucidate their functionality. Antioxidant activity and nitrite scavenging activity were analyzed from 70% ethanol extracted from these red seaweeds. Large difference in ash contents was found to exhibit among all samples analyzed in this study; $9.8{\pm}0.2g/100g$ for Gracilaria verrucosa and Gigartina tenella for $17.8{\pm}0.6g/100g$. While its crude fiber content was almost the same as those in other sample within a range between $2.0{\pm}0.4g/100g$ and $6.0{\pm}0.7g/100g$. Phenolic compounds content of Gracilaria verrucosa was also the highest as $78.4{\pm}1.0mg/g$, while the total flavonoids contents of Chondrus ocellatus and Gracilaria verrucosa were $14.9{\pm}0.5mg/g$ and $13.9{\pm}0.8mg/g$, respectively. These amounts were two folds higher than Meristotheca papulosa and Gigartina tenella. The total content of minerals was the highest in Meristotheca papulosa(12,107.7 mg/kg). The amount of glutamic acid was relatively high despite of small variation in measured levels of composition amino acid ($49.1{\sim}125.6mg/g$) for most samples investigated. SOD-like ability was significantly increased with increasing sample concentration, but its activity was lower. Gigartina tenella with highest electron donation ability exhibited increases in activity as $53.96{\pm}0.98%$ in concentration of 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ and $70.52{\pm}1.09%$ in 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In case of concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, particularly, the level of hydroxy radical scavenging activity were $57.87{\pm}1.70{\sim}62.07{\pm}0.87%$ which was significantly higher activity than ascorbic acid and BHT. Nitrite scavenging activity was the highest in Gracilaria verrucosa. Its activity was also increased from $24.04{\pm}1.9{\sim}27.52{\pm}0.82%$ in $100{\sim}500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration tp $34.81{\pm}1.36%$ in concentration of 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.241-248
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• 2008

This study has been carried out to secretion antibodies for the purpose of preventing the infection of Helicobacter pylori and using them as a supplement for treatment. This experiments have been separated antigens from H. pylori and observed into antibody production and the agglutination of H. pylori for the separated antigens. As major antigenic proteins separated from H. pylori, the following could be verified: 12 kinds of band for whole cell (WC), seven kinds of band for outer membrane protein (OMP), three kinds of band for crude urease, and one kind of band for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The IgG anti-H. pylori antibody of separated antigens showed $77.9{\pm}6.4{\mu}g/ml$ for we (L), $84.9{\pm}6.4{\mu}g/ml$ for OMP, and $123.8{\pm}2.9{\mu}g/ml$ for crude urease, at the same antigen concentration of $20{\mu}g/100ull$, which showed the most at the crude urease. And it turned out that the IgA antibodies were generated with $2.5{\pm}0.32{\mu}g/ml$ for WC (L), $2.0{\pm}0.43{\mu}g/ml$ for OMP, and $1.3{\pm}0.25{\mu}g/ml$ for crude urease, which demonstrated the most for WC (L) antigens. As a result of verifying the immunogenecity of antigenic protein through the Western blotting, major antigenic substances could be confirmed as follows: 10 kinds for WC, six kinds for OMP and three kinds for crude urease. The agglutination values on the H. pylori of the antibody were $2^5,\;2^5,\;2^6\;and\;2^7$ at the antigen serums of anti-WC (H), anti-WC (L), anti-OMP and anti-crude urease, respectively, which indicated the highest for the antigen serum of anti-crude urease. The urease activation-inhibiting absorbance of antigen serum created by each antigen was $0.14{\pm}0.01$ for WC (H), $0.16{\pm}0.01$ for WC (L), $0.18{\pm}0.03$ for OMP, and $0.18{\pm}0.04$ for urease, demonstrating a significant inhibiting effect, compared with $0.26{\pm}0.02$ of the control group.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-35
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• 2005

A survey was conducted to investigate the perception of food sanitation officers toward the Genetically Modified Foods. They were mainly from Regional Agencies of KFDA, City/Province office, and National quarantine station. Some of them were professors of university and researchers of research institute. Most of respondents had experiences of hearing or reading GM foods (over $95\%$) and over $90\%$ of respondents much needed the label of GM foods. Although some of officers of city/province office and national quarantine station showed less knowledge than other respondent groups, most of respondents had basic knowledge about biology. The frequency of respondents worked over 20 years and worked in the general administration was higher than that of other groups in the question of unsafe of GM foods. The answer frequency of careless treatment of foods was highest in the question of risk factor, and the frequency of GM foods was lowest ($4.4\%$). It was concluded that food sanitation officers had positive opinion about GM foods, but there were some differences in the knowledge among agencies. Therefore, it is necessary more educations and informations are needed for food sanitation officers.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare Ni-Cr alloy property of gas-oxygen torch soldering and infrared welding using optical microscope and Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA). Materials and methods: Ni-Cr alloys were casted for specimens. Specimens had 3.0 mm diameter, 30.0 mm length and were divided into two groups. Each group had 4 specimens. One group was for gas-oxygen torch soldering and the other was infrared welding. Specimens were cut with low-speed disc and soldered each other with gas-oxygen torch and infrared machine. After soldering and polishing, specimens were observed at 3 points (soldering point, 5 mm distance point, 10 mm distance point) with optical microscope and analyzed 3 points (soldering point, 5 mm distance point, 10 mm distance point with EPMA. Results: The results of this study were as follows: 1. The observation of gas-oxygen torch soldering at 10 mm distance point under the optical microscope was not founded any specific surface properties, but some crack lines were observed at 5 mm distance and soldering point. 2. There were no crack lines were founded at the observation of infrared welding at 10 mm distance and 5 mm distance points under the optical microscope. However, at the 5 mm distance, the surface was not smooth enough compared with at 10 mm distance point. Some crack lines were observed at the welding point as well. 3. In the EPMA analysis of the gas-oxygen torch soldering, the component of Ni was increased by 4.5%, Cr was increased by 7.5% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy at the 10.0 mm distance. At the 5 mm distance, the component of Ni was decreased by 6.1%, Mo was increased by 9.0% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy but Cr was equally shown at the 5.0 mm distance. Only Ni was shown at the soldering point. 4. In the EPMA analysis of the infrared welding, the component of Ni was increased by 9.1%, Cr was increased by 0.4% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy but Al was equal at the 10.0 mm distance. At the 5 mm distance, the component of Ni was increased by 4.7%, Cr was increased by 4.7% and Al was increased by 0.1% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy. At the welding point, the component of Ni was increased by 8.8%, Cr was increased by 8.2% than that of the Ni-Cr alloy. Conclusion: From these results, at the 5 mm distance from the soldering point, the surface of the infrared welding was more smoother than that of the gas-oxygen torch soldering. On the EPMA analysis, the component of the specimens with infrared welding was more similar than that of the gas-oxygen torch soldering compared with the component of the Ni-Cr alloy.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching-learning process plan for sustainable residing creating with neighbors and to apply it to the housing section of Technology-Home Economics according to the 2007 Revised Curriculum. Teachinglearning method solving practical problems was used for the teaching-learning process plans of 6-session lessons according to the ADDIE model. In the development stage, 17 activity materials and 15 teaching learning materials (6 reading texts, 6 moving pictures, 2 internet and 1 image materials) were developed. for the 6-session lessons, based on the stages of solving practical problems. The plans applied to the 3 classes of 8, 9, and 10th grade of the H. junior and senior high school in Myun district in Kyungbook during Sept. 1st to 14th, 2009. The results showed that students actively participated when the contents and materials were related to their own experience. The 6-session lessons about sustainable residing creating with neighbors was significantly increased the sense of community between before and after. Each of the 4 stages of the teachinglearning method solving practical problems were highly participated by the students. The satisfaction with the contents and methods of the 6-session lessons were evaluated over medium to somewhat higher levels. The practical activities to solve the community space and programs were got positive comments. Problem solving process and presentation and discussion were needed to learn more. Those results might support that the teachinglearning process plan this research developed. would be appropriate to the lessons for sustainable residing creating with neighbors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.506-512
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• 2003

Peach wine was fermented at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks using Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 12224, aged at 15$^{\circ}C$ for 14 weeks, and its physicochemical and microbiological changes were investigated. The viable bacterial cell numbers, 1.4$\times$10$^3$ CFU/mL at the beginning of fermentation, increased to 2.8$\times$10$^{6}$ CFU/mL after 2 weeks, but decreased to 7.0$\times$10$^3$ CFU/mL after 14 weeks. The viable yeast cell numbers were changed from 3.4$\times$10$^2$ CFU/mL to 2.4$\times$10$^{7}$ CFU/mL during fermentation, and decreased to 4.0$\times$10$^4$ CFU/mL after aging. Turbidity total sugar content, reducing sugar content, solid content and b value of peach wine decreased during fermentation but acidity, alcohol content, L and a value increased. Most physicochemical properties except alcohol content and reducing sugar content were not changed significantly during aging. When peach wine was filtered through 0.45 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ nitrocellulose membrane followed by various ultrafiltration membranes with different molecular weight cut-off values, Biomax 100K membrane, with 79 liter/$m^2$/h (LMH) of initial flux, was suitable for ultrafiltration process of peach wine. These membrane filtration treatments resulted in complete removal of microorganisms and decrease in turbidity and alcohol content without changes in other chemical properties. The physicochemical properties of peach wine were not changed and any microorganisms were not found during the storage at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 12 Weeks.