• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Environmental Edudation Conference
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• 2002.01b
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• pp.1-168
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• 2002

이 연구는 지난 20여 년 동안 우리나라 환경교육의 활성화를 위하여 많은 연구자, 학교 교사, 환경단체 지도자가 제안해 온 과업을 다루고있다. 그것은 학교 안팎에 걸쳐 요람에서 무덤까지 환경교육이 체계적이고 지속적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 법적, 제도적 기반을 마련하는 것이다. 법제적 뒷받침이 환경교육의 활성화를 위한 충분조건은 되지 못하더라도 필요조건으로서 매우 중요한 의미를 갖고 있다는 점은 분명하다. 이 연구를 수행한 사단법인 한국환경교육학회는 국회환경포럼과 함께 환경교육진흥법(가칭) 시안의 개발과, 나아가 실질적인 입법화를 위해 노력하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 우리나라에 이미 존재하는 도서벽지 교육진흥법, 특수교육진흥법, 산업교육진흥법, 영재교육진흥법, 과학교육진흥법, 유아교육진흥법, 이상 여섯 개의 교육진흥법을 분석하여 환경교육진흥법 시안 개발을 위한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 다음으로 외국의 환경교육 관련법에 대한 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 특히 미국의 경우 1970년 처음 환경교육법이 제정된 이후 몇 차례의 개정과 재승인 과정을 거쳐왔다. 미국에서는 1990년에 제정된 국가환경교육법의 재승인에 관한 공청회가 지난 2000년 여름 동안 개최되어 환경교육법의 필요성, 효과, 고려할 조항 등 본 연구에 중요한 참고 자료를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 학회의 다른 연구진에 의해 2001년 10월에 완료된 제2차 환경교육 중 ·장기 강화방안 연구의 결과물도 환경교육 활성화를 위한 시안에 담아야 할 내용과 방향을 결정하는데 실질적인 도움을 주었으며, 이를 토대로 연구진과 국회환경포럼의 환경교육활성화위원회의 위원이 윤독과 수정을 거쳐 시안의 타당성과 완성도를 높이고자 하였다. 작성된 시안에 대해서는 먼저 국내의 환경 또는 환경교육 관련 전문가에게 설문지를 보내어 의견 수렴을 하였으며, 이 과정에서 시안에 포함된 대부분의 항목에 대해 높은 찬성률을 보인 것으로 나타났다. 그밖에 설문지로부터 수정 ·보완 요청 사항을 정리하여 최종 시안을 작성하는데 반영하였다. 끝으로 10월 26일 국회 의원회관에서 개최된 공청회를 통하여 다양한 집단의 의견을 수렴하였으며, 공청회 동안 제시된 의견들을 반영하여 최종 시안을 작성하였다. 이러한 과정을 거쳐 작성된 환경교육진흥법 최종 시안은, 제1조 목적에서 제11조 환경교육연구의 진흥에 이르기까지 총11조로 구성되었으며, 환경교육사 자격증제 및 환경교육 프로그램 인증제 등 획기적인 전기를 마련할 수 있는 방안들이 다수 포함되어 있다. 특히 환경교육진흥법의 주무 부처를 환경부로 제안한 것은 기존의 교육 관련 진흥법들이 교육인적자원부를 주무로 하고 있는 것에 비해 매우 특기할 만 하다. 그 이유는 본문에서 밝힌 바와 같이 환경교육이 갖고 있는 특수성 때문이다. 환경교육진흥법의 주무 부처를 환경부와 교육인적자원부 중 어디로 하는 것이 바람직한가에 대해서는 연구진 내부는 물론 공청회에 참가한 사람들 사이에도 이견이 있었음을 밝혀 둔다. 끝으로, 이 연구에서 마련된 시안과 연구 결과가 최종적으로 속히 법제화가 되고, 우리나라 환경교육 진흥에 기여하게 되기를 바란다.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.22
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• pp.53-68
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• 2019

Two lime-soil mixture barrier tombs were excavated from the tomb complex of the Woo Family of the Danyang Wu clan dating to the Joseon dynasty in Godeung-dong, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do. Relevant records offer information for more precisely dating these tombs and identifying their occupants. Tomb No. 4, in which a married couple was interred, has a corbeled square ceiling and inscriptions and paintings on its outer walls. The conservation treatment and an infrared inspection revealed that they were intended to express mourning. Tomb No. 6 has a corbeled rectangular ceiling and a single individual interred within. As the basic structure of the tomb was partially damaged in the process of disassembling it while moving the burial site, it was planned to exhibit the tomb outdoors after the remains and relics are collected. However, as the conservation treatment revealed the presence of funeral fans and pitch, and since the remaining structure clearly demonstrates the features of lime-soil mixture barrier tombs from the Joseon dynasty, the plan was changed following a meeting of an advisory council that decided in favor of presenting the tomb indoors. According to the analysis, the pitch is assumed to be resin of a rather low purity due to the immixture of foreign substances. The two tombs are expected to serve as important materials for related research, such as changes by period in the forms of Joseon-era tombs.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

Microbial diversity of soil samples from ancient stone-lined tombs was investigated. The tombs, discovered at Eoryung Ocheon-Ri site, Korea, were estimated to be belonged to middle class people from an ancient country, Gaya, which existed till AD 559 at the southern part of Korea. Nine fungal stains and 70 bacterial strains were isolated from the twelve soil samples, which were collected from the tomb Nos. 5 and 6. Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis discovered 5 fungal and 22 bacterial strains belonged to 10 genus groups from the tomb No. 5 while 1 fungal and 28 bacterial strains belonged to 6 genus from the tomb No. 6. The higher microbial diversity suggests that the tomb No. 5 was constructed warmer season than the tomb No. 6. Moreover, the discovery of Staphylococcus warneri, which is found as part of the skin flora on human and animals, and Bacillus aquimaris, which is a marine bacterium and can be discovered from tidal flat, from the surface of large dagger suggests that the ancient people may use meat and seafood at the burial ceremony.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 2018

The lime-soil mixture on tomb barrier (LSMB) is a type of tomb in Joseon Dynasty, which made with so-called 'Sammul' (three material compound) that mixture of lime, fine sand and yellow ocher. This study divided the tombs of the Gungri Site from Joseon Dynasty with layered wall and integrated wall according to the manufacturing types, and investigated on the basis of analysis to material characteristics and making techniques. Analytical samples were classified with lime-soil mixtures and soils, and interpreted the mixing characteristics of Sammul based on types of tomb barrier. The tomb barrier which is directly effect to control the inner environment was made with high content of lime. But the finishing or bottom layer were made with low content of lime. Overall the LSMB with integrated wall has higher content of lime and physical property than the LSMB with layered wall. The soil which was compounded as a Sammul and collected near the Gungri Site had similar with mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. Therefore, it is presumed that the fine sand and yellow ocher that made as a Sammul, were used with soil that was distributed around the site. Meanwhile, large scale limestone quarry is distributed near the site. Especially, Gungri Site has a possibility of material supply through water transport, due to the sea route from Asan bay is connected near the site. Thus, there is the possibility of transportation of lime materials from nearby quarry.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.70
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• pp.109-132
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• 2007

Taking the Yosu Peninsula where prestige goods were prevalent and more dolmen were excavated and surveyed than other regions as object of the research, this dissertation investigated the hierarchy of dolmen society. The dolmen groups were excavated and surveyed at some 20 positions in Yosu Peninsula Analyzing the number, weight of upper stone, location, the buried relics of dolmen, the hierarchy for each dolmen group can be summarized as follows. It seems that the large group with a lot of dolmen and big upper stone which is located on the plane with stream or on the lower part of hill might be the central group with abundant buried relics. However, the size of individual upper stone does not coincide with buried relics sometimes. Thus, it is required to review the entirety of dolmen group rather than individual upper stone in the relation between the scale of upper stone and buried relics. Then the scale of tomb is proportionate to the prestige goods. Meanwhile, the discrepancy between dolmens can be verified by the difference among upper stone, tomb, burial accessories, etc in the unit dolmen group. Since dolmen is the tomb of some inhabitants in the Bronze Age, the existence of stone coffin tomb with buried bronze sword, jade or stone sword compared to the stone coffin with no relics means that there was powerful representative of one generation even in one kindred group on the basis of wealth or authority. It can be concluded that the upper stone or large tomb or prestige goods among the persons buried in dolmen were fixed as high class, those with relatively small stone coffin with no or scanty burial accessories were fixed as medium class and multitudinous class who were not buried in dolmen were fixed as low class. Therefore, the dolmen society in Yosu Peninsula shows that there was division of class in the unit dolmen group as well as hierarchy in the group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.325-331
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• 2013

The Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner which was excavated in an ancient temple site in Neungsan-ri, within the City wall of Buyeo-Gun on 23rd December 1993, was a quintessence of the Bakje Arts that people could not have imagined until that time. The Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner transcended 1400 years of time and space. The censer that finally came up to us delivered a kind of a powerful message to us. The power was so strong and mysterious that as if an ancestor who had been sleeping in the grave with a great silent had woken up and become alive to tell us something very precious. Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner, unlike any other existing artifacts, might have a possibility that could provide an insight of the ancients' psych who once lived on our land. This kind of view from several archaeologists, therefore, made our hearts be filled with excitement and flutter. We call 21st century as an era of culture. This era requests that the culture needs to be ethnical but the culture also needs to go beyond that ethnic. In other words, a culture without an ethnic cannot exist, and a culture that puts an ethnic the very first before any other things cannot exist as well. Regaining our identities first and then embracing and harmonizing various cultures can be an wise way overcoming above problem. Hence, through this study, I intend to recognize characteristic of plasticity for Baekje Gilt-bronze Incense Burner, understand the world of Baekje people's spirit and thus provide an opportunity to shed new light on the Baekje Arts. By doing so, I would like to publicize a metal craft of Korea to the world. I also try to seek for an identity of Korea's craft culture which is receding and find a direction for the Korea's craft.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2021

This study investigated the seasonal distribution of ticks in Boeun, Chungbuk, South Korea, from 2016 to 2020. Over the five-year period, ticks were collected annually from four different sites. A total of 17,704 ticks belonging to three tick species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) were collected. H. longicornis was the dominant species across all four sites with the highest density of 68.40% of the total collected specimens, followed by H. flava (3.53%) and I. nipponensis (0.06%). The larvae of unidentified species were also collected: 11.81 T.I. (28.01%). The H. longicornis population peaked during the spring season (May-June), whereas the larval population peaked during August and September. H. longicornis was collected the most from four sites (coniferous forest, broad-leaf forest, mountain path, and copse), with the exception of the larvae, which was collected the most in grassland and grave. H. flava was collected from all sites, but in a small proportion. The SFTS virus was not found in any of the 828 pools of ticks during 2016-2020. Based on the results of this study, the continuous surveillance of the tick population is recommended to mitigate the spread of diseases by these vectors.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.52-69
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• 2012

This paper attempts to analyze the inner and outer structure of royal tombs that were built during the Joseon Period. This analysis is based on the relevant historical records and they were restored through visual composition in order to compare the features of Joseon royal tombs with those of Goryeo royal tombs and common tombs of the Joseon Period. Royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty are structurally solid and contain a variety of artistic ornaments that symbolize guardian deities both inside and outside to protect the owners of the tombs for a long time. According to historical records such as Sejong sillok oryeui (Five Rites of State from the Annals of King Sejong) and Gukjo oryeui (Five Rites of State), it is presumed that the inner structure of royal tombs dating back to the early Joseon Period consisted of a stone chamber and that the byeongpungseok and nanganseok were built outside of the tomb. However, ever since King Sejo left it in his will not to make a stone chamber in his tomb, the royal tombs began to follow a new pattern, a burial pit outside the coffin filled with lime powder. Gukjo sangnye bopyeon (Supplement Book of the State Funeral Rites), which was compiled during the reign of King Yeongjo, is a book that shows how the royal tombs were formed in the late Joseon Period. The book explains in detail how lime powder was used to fill the burial pit of royal tombs. The byeongpungseok used during the late Joseon Period were engraved with peony flowers, while those previously made were engraved with twelve spirit warriors. Peony designs were frequently used to decorate the items of royal families, and the use of peony designs in tombs reflects the idea of regarding the royal tombs as an everyday living space for the deceased.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.268-291
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• 2019

In this paper, the features and meanings of the Yocoanabo (cave tombs) excavated in the Gongju and Buyeo regions were examined. The creation of the Yocoanabo in the Korean Peninsula was related to the situation in which the powers of the Northern Kyushu (九州) and Yeongsangang (榮山江) River Basin played certain roles and maintained power in the interactions of Wa and Baekje in the late 5th century until the early 6th century. The people buried in the Yocoanabo in the Gongju and Buyeo regions are most closely related to the Buzen (豊前) area in northern Kyushu. They also interacted with the Yeongsangang River Basin communities. The Yocoanabo in Gongju and Buyeo confirms the settlement of the Wa people. There were collective settlements such as the Danjiri (丹芝里) site on the outskirts of Woongjin (熊津). However, most of them were mixed with small local groups located on the main roads connecting Woongjin and Sabi (泗?) through the Geum River and land routes. Unlike the keyhole-shaped tombs of the Youngsangang River Basin, the Yocoanabo was not built until the 7th century. This explains differences in the backgrounds of the two types of graves. The people buried in the Yocoanabo are considered to have settled in the Baekje Kingdom and to have been responsible for practical work in the political and economic negotiations between Baekje and Wa. They came to the Baekje Kingdom collectively in connection with certain historical events. However, it had been presumed that most of the people came individually and dispersed to the local communities of Gonju and Buyeo.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.62-73
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• 2015

The Tae-Jo Geonwolleung is the tomb of the first king Tae-Jo of the Joseon Dynasty in the complex of the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty which is listed in World Heritage, and it contains various types of stone properties. The material of the stone properties consist of a single type of medium-grained biotite granite, however, each properties have different intensity and types in deterioration phenomena according to their locations and purposes. The major deterioration types of the stones are analyzed as physical decomposition and biodeterioration. The exfoliation, breaking-out and granular decomposition are widespread types of the deterioration throughout the entire burial mound stone properties and surrounding stone properties. On the other hands, the colonization of mosses and plants, and contamination by foreign materials are found more frequent in the burial mound stone properties as these stones are in contact with the soil of the tomb mound and moisture in the soil helped biodeterioration. It is suggested that anti-biology treatment and physical reinforcement are applied to the deteriorated stones to prevent further damage on the stone components of the tomb.