• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.35 no.5_1
• /
• pp.737-750
• /
• 2019

Information of target changes in inaccessible areas is very important in terms of national security. Fast and accurate change detection of targets is very important to respond quickly. Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar can acquire images with high accuracy regardless of weather conditions and solar altitude. With the recent increase in the number of SAR satellites, it is possible to acquire images with less than one day temporal resolution for the same area. This advantage greatly increases the availability of change detection for inaccessible areas. Commonly available information in satellite SAR is amplitude and phase information, and change detection techniques have been developed based on each technology. Those are amplitude Change Detection (ACD), Coherence Change Detection (CCD). Each algorithm differs in the preprocessing process for accurate automatic classification technique according to the difference of information characteristics and the final detection result of each algorithm. Therefore, by analyzing the academic research trends for ACD and CCD, each technologies can be complemented. The goal of this paper is identifying current issues of SAR change detection techniques by collecting research papers. This study would help to find the prerequisites for SAR change detection and use it to conduct periodic detection research on inaccessible areas.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.397-406
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop the evaluation scale according to the major selection attribute of culinary major students. For the scale development, 69 items were extracted through theoretical review. After that, a survey was conducted on 73 students who are currently studying culinary majors, and two culinary majors and three culinary major professors conducted in-depth analysis and refining. The questionnaire was conducted from March 18 to March 27, 2019, and the second expert group survey was conducted from August 19 to August 31, 2019 based on Kendall's W-validated mean and standard deviation. The results of this study are as follows. First, 46 properties were derived from the first expert group survey. Second, six factors and 32 attributes were derived through consultation with the second and third expert groups. Thirdly, through the verification of Kendall's W attributes of 32 six factors, verification of consensus on the importance of experts was made, and the final four factors (individual factors, occupational factors, major characteristics factors, and university-related factors) were derived. It was. The results of this study suggest that the final composition of the culinary major selection attribute is expected to contribute enough to increase student satisfaction, school loyalty, and enrollment rate of students through the measurement scale to grasp the competitiveness of the culinary major.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.849-855
• /
• 2021

Recently, as nanotechnology has been introduced and used in various fields, the development of new drugs has been accelerating. Nanoparticles have maintained blood drug concentration for extended periods of time with a single administration of the drug. The drug can then be selectively released only at the pathological site, thereby reducing side effects to other non-pathological sites. In addition, nanoparticles can be modified for selective target sites delivery for other specific diseases, with polymers being widely used in the manufacture of these nanoparticles. Poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid ) (PLGA) is one of the most extensively developed biodegradable polymers. PLGA is widely used in drug delivery for a variety of applications. It has also been approved by the FDA as a drug delivery system and is widely applied in controlled release formulations, such as in gene therapy treatments. PLGA nanoparticles have been developed as delivery systems with high efficiency to specific cell types by using passive and active targeting methods. After the development of a drug delivery system using PLGA nanoparticles, the drug is selectively delivered to the target site, and the effective blood concentration for extended periods of time is optimized according to the disease. In this review paper, we focus on ways to improve cell-specific treatment outcomes by examining the development of astrocyte selective nanoparticles based on PLGA nanomaterials for gene therapy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.176-183
• /
• 2021

Digital medical technology is very effective and at the same time faces the challenge of protecting privacy. However, for contact tracking and exposure notification apps in COVID-19 environment, there is always a trade-off between privacy measures and the effectiveness of the app's use. Today, many countries have developed and used contact tracking and exposure notification apps in various forms to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but the suspicion of digital surveillance (digital panopticon) is unavoidable. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors of personal information infringement and dissatisfaction through text mining analysis by extracting user reviews of "Self-Quarantine Safety Protection" in Korea. As a result of the text mining analysis, we derived four groups, 'Address recognition error', 'Exit warning error', 'Access error', and 'App. program error'. Since 'Address recognition error' and 'Exit warning error' can give the app users a strong perception that they are keeping under surveillanc by the app, transparent management of personal information protection and consent procedures related to personal information collection are required. In addition, if the other two groups are not corrected immediately due to an error in an app function or a program bug, the complaints of users can be maximized and a protest against the monitor can be raised.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.862-872
• /
• 2021

Recent studies on synthesis of metallic nanomaterials such as silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), cerium (Ce), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) using plants and microbes are attracted researchers for their wide range of applications in the field of biomedical sciences. The plant contains abundant of bioactive contents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids tannins and nutritionals components. Similarly, microbes produce bioactive metabolites, proteins and secretes valuable chemicals such as color pigments, antibiotics, and acids. Recently reported, biogenic synthesis of NPs in non-hazardous way and are promising candidates for biomedical applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cell proliferative and anti-plasmodia activity. All those activities are dose dependent, along with their shape and size also matters on potential of NPs. Microbes and plants are great source of metabolites, those useful in biomedical field, such metabolites or chemicals involved in synthesis of NPs in an ecofriendly way. NPs synthesized using microbes or plant materials are reveals more non-toxic, facile, and cost-effective compare to chemically synthesized NPs. In present review we are focusing on NPs synthesis using biological agents such as microbes (bacteria, fungi and algae) and plant, characterization using different techniques and their antibacterial applications on pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2019

As the application area of lithium secondary batteries becomes wider, performance characterization becomes difficult as well as diverse. To address this issue, battery manufacturers have to evaluate many batteries for a longer period, recruit many researchers and continuously introduce expensive equipment. Simulation techniques based on battery modeling are being introduced to solve such difficulties. Various lithium secondary battery modeling techniques have been reported so far and optimal techniques have been selected and utilized according to their purpose. In this review, the electrochemical modeling based on the Newman model is described in detail. Particularly, we will explain the physical meaning of each equation included in the model; the Butler-Volmer equation, which represents the rate of electrode reaction, the material and charge balance equations for each phase (solid and liquid), and the energy balance. Moreover, simple modeling processes and results based on COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a will be provided and discussed.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2019

With the appearance of self-driving cars and electric cars, the automobile industry is rapidly changing. In the midst of these changes, HMI studies are becoming more important as to how the driver obtains safety and convenience with controlling the vehicle. This study sought to understand how automobile manufacturers understand the driving situation, and how they define and limit driver interaction. For this, prior studies about HMI were reviewed and 15 participants performed an on-road study to drive vehicles from five manufacturers with using their interfaces. The results of the study confirmed that buttons and switches that are easily controlled by the user while driving were different from manufacturer to manufacturer. And there are some buttons that are more intensively controlled and others that are difficult to control while driving. It was able to derive 'selection and concentration' from Audi's vehicle, 'optimization of the driving ' from BMW's, 'simple and minimize' from Benz's vehicle, 'remove the manual distraction' from the vehicle of Lexus, and 'visual stability' from KIA's vehicle as the distinctive keywords for the HMI. This shows that each manufacturer has a different definition and interpretation of the driver's driving control area. This study has a distinct value in that it has identified the characteristics of vehicle-specific HMI in actual driving conditions, which is not apparent in appearance. It is expected that this research approach can be useful to see differences in interaction through actual driving despite changes in driving environment such as vehicle platooning and self-driving technology.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2019

Measurements of vertical air motion and microphysics are essential for improving our understanding of convective clouds. In this paper, the author reviews the current research on the retrieval of vertical air motions using the cloud radar. At radar wavelengths of 3 mm (W-band radar; 94-GHz radar; cloud radar), the raindrop backscattering cross-section (${\sigma}b$) varies between successive maxima and minima as a function of the raindrop diameter (D) that are well described by Mie theory. The first Mie minimum in the backscattering cross-section occurs at D~1.68 mm, which translates to a raindrop terminal fall velocity of ${\sim}5.85m\;s^{-1}$ based on the Gunn and Kinzer relationship. Since raindrop diameters often exceed this size, the signal is captured in the radar Doppler spectrum, and thus, the location of the first Mie minimum can be used as a reference for retrieving the vertical air motion. The Mie technique is applied to radar Doppler spectra from the surface-based and airborne, upward pointing W-band radars. The contributions of aircraft motion to the vertical air motion are also described and further the first-order aircraft motion corrected equation is presented. The review also shows that the separate spectral peaks due to the cloud droplets can provide independent validation of the Mie technique retrieved vertical air motion using the cloud droplets as a tracer of vertical air motion.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.248-255
• /
• 2021

Mammary gland tumors are one of the most common cancers in female dogs, and there are various types of cells depending on the tumor type. Complex carcinoma consists of a combination of luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells with intra-tumoral heterogeneity. However, the origins of these tumor cells and their effects on the malignancies of tumors have not been identified. Recently, it has been reported that cancer stem cells, identified in several types of human tumors, are involved in tumor heterogeneity and may also contribute to malignancies such as tumor recurrence and metastasis. Interestingly, cancer stem cells share several abilities of self-renewal and cell differentiation into multiple types of cancer cells, but they have abnormal genetic mutation and signal transduction pathways to regulate the maintenance of stem cell characters. Moreover, it is known that these cell populations contribute to cell metastasis as well as cell resistance against chemo- and radio-therapeutics that promote tumor recurrence. The existence of cancer stem cells might explain the intra-tumoral heterogeneity and cancer aggressiveness during tumorigenesis in canine mammary gland tumors. This review summarizes the characteristics and types of canine mammary gland tumors, the definition of tumor stem cells, methods of isolation, and clinical significance.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.318-324
• /
• 2022

PPARγ and C/EBPα are master adipogenic transcription factors (TFs) required for adipose tissue development. They control the induction of many adipocyte genes and the early phase of adipogenesis in the embryonic development of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue continues to expand after birth, which, as a late phase of adipogenesis, requires the lipogenesis of adipocytes. In particular, the liver and adipose tissues are major sites for de novo lipogenesis (DNL), where carbohydrates are primarily converted to fatty acids. Furthermore, fatty acids are esterified with glycerol-3-phosphate to produce triglyceride, a major source of lipid droplets in adipocytes. Hepatic DNL has been actively studied, but the DNL of adipocytes in vivo remains not fully understood. Thus, an understanding of lipogenesis and adipose expansion may provide therapeutic opportunities for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic diseases. In adipocytes, DNL gene expression is transcriptionally regulated by lipogenesis coactivators, as well as by lipogenic TFs such as ChREBP and SREBP1a. Recent in vivo studies have revealed new insights into the lipogenesis gene expression and adipose expansion. Future detailed molecular mechanism studies will determine how nutrients and metabolism regulate DNL and adipose expansion. This review will summarize recent updates of DNL in adipocytes and adipose expansion in terms of transcriptional regulation.