• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.116-136
• /
• 2009

Since there are differences in the content, structure and functions of interpersonal communication during the practice of school science classes, it needs to articulate the difference of the modality of pedagogical practice in order to understand science teaching in detail. These characteristics of science teaching can be investigated by further insightful analysis on language in the science classroom. In this study, classroom discourse language codes using Bernstein's code theory were analyzed in the case of a middle school science class on the unit of minerals. The discourse language code was identified by the value of classification, which revealed power relations to the contexts of discourse and participants of discourse. It was also identified by the value of framing, which showed hierarchical relation between teacher and students as discourse subjects, and discursive control on the initiative of discourse. The results addressed that six types of discourse language codes were constructed and that those language codes reflected diverse modalities of science teaching from student-centered instruction to teacher-centered instruction in relation to classroom discourse. The modality of science teaching according to the transition tendencies of discourse language code showed dynamic variations of 'controlled student-centeredness inducing teaching' - 'positional student-centeredness permissive teaching' - 'controlled students' participation permissive teaching' - 'controlled student-centeredness facilitative teaching' - 'student-centeredness enhancing teaching'. In addition, results released that discursively and hierarchically weak control of discourse is necessary for enhancing student-centeredness of science teaching. Moreover, teaching practice enhancing student-centeredness can be accomplished by the harmony of a teacher's perception of discourse language code and his/her orientation to constructivist teaching and student-centered teaching.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.19-41
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this article was to a) identify how preservice teachers conceive feedbacks and subsequent classroom discourses, and b) compare them with those in reform-oriented mathematics classroom video for mathematics teachers' professional development about classroom discourse. This article analyzes feedback patterns and subsequent classroom discourses in preservice teachers' imaginary classroom scripts (lesson plays) and compares them with those in the reform-oriented classroom video dealing with the same teaching situation. Most of the preservice teachers' feedbacks focused the evaluation of students' responses and transmission of meaning (univocal function), whereas the teacher's feedback in the reform-oriented classroom allowed the whole class to validate or challenge the answers, thereby facilitating students' generation of meaning (dialogic function). The comparison analysis between the univocal discourse in a preservice teacher's lesson play and the dialogical discourse in the reform-oriented classroom video shows that teacher feedback serves as an important indicator for the main function of classroom discourse and the levels of students' cognitive participation, and also as a variable that determines and changes them. This case study suggests that to improve the quality of classroom discourse, preservice and in-service teachers need experience of perceiving the variety of feedback patterns available in specific teaching contexts and exploring ways to balance the univocal and dialogical functioning in their feedback move during the teacher training courses.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.525-547
• /
• 2015

This study analyzed the written texts of textbook and the teacher's discourse explaining 'the relationship between quadratic functions and quadratic equations' in the 9th grade high school mathematics class. Data consisted of the lecture recordings and the textbooks were analyzed based on the Halliday's systemic functional linguistics. According to the results, the written texts of the textbook used lexico-grammatical strategies such as generalization using hyponomy of meanings, mathematical objectification through nominalization and materialization of meaning through change in themes to compose mathematical concepts. The textbook generalized from an example in the description of formulating mathematical concepts, and in this process the organizational interactions of discourse-semantic level and lexico-grammartical level appeared. On the other hand, the teacher's doscourse appeared the change in transitivity and the addition of the reasons and the process. Also the teacher used explanation process of formulating the relationship between quadratic functions and quadratic equations. The linguistic characteristics of the teacher were linguistic implication and omission of lexemes due to contextual ommission. And there was no use of structural lexico-grammatical resources that influence the discourse-semantic level. This results provide a new framework for analyzing mathematical discourse, and suggest the lexico-grammatical strategies that can be used to explain mathematical concepts by teachers in math classrooms.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.51-75
• /
• 2024

This case study aimed to develop a therapeutic rap protocol based on narrative components for improving discourse skills of adolescents with mild intellectual disability (ID) and to explore its applicability. The protocol matched narrative elements (background, initiating event, internal response, attempts, and reaction) with rap components (verse, hook, and interjections), guiding participants to narrate their experiences in a connected discourse form. The protocol was also structured to gradually increase in difficulty, considering the developmental levels of adolescents with ID and it included steps for understanding discourse structures, applying narrative elements to content creation, and expanding narratives. Post-intervention analysis of the stories and rap lyrics created by participants to express their real-life experiences showed that participants increased the length of their stories and rap compositions, with notable improvements in rhythmicity and the inclusion of narrative elements. These findings suggest that, instead of constructing rap from random utterances, providing a structured framework reflecting discourse structure enhanced participants' understanding of event context and logical connections. Furthermore, the various elements and rhythmic features of rap can strengthen motivation and organization in discourse. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of rap in addressing the unique developmental needs of adolescents with mild ID, thereby diversifying and systematizing music therapy interventions for this population.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.383-396
• /
• 2022

In this study, pre-service chemistry teachers' questions in their teaching practices were analyzed considering the context of discourse. Five pre-service teachers participated in the study. Their questions were analyzed by considering various data including class videos, interviews, and teaching-learning materials. Their questions were classified into relevant question, affective question, dead-end question, rhetorical question, and structuring question. Each question was also classified into appropriate question and convenient question by the aspect of proper responses of students. The analyses of the results indicate the differences in the frequencies of several types of questions depending on the content of the lessons. After using convenient questions, pre-service teachers proceeded to prepared classes as they rather than prompted students' responses. The affective questions were rarely used. The dead-end questions were found to be used for promoting interaction with students. The rhetorical questions were used for various purposes such as arousing students' attention or promoting their thinking. Practical implications were discussed based on the results.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 1994.11a
• /
• pp.460-475
• /
• 1994

이 논문에서는 적합성 이론(Relevance Theory)에 의해서 현대 한국어 접속어미, 특히 담화표지(discourse marker) '-니까'가 담화의 이해에 어떻게 기여하는가를 고찰하고자 한다. '-니까'는 이제까지 '-(으)니-'와 별 의미나 기능의 차이가 없는 것으로 간주되어 왔는데, 이는 기존의 연구가 주로 통사 의미론적인 관점에서 수행되어 온 데 기인한다. 그러나 '-니까'는 엄연히 '-(으)니-'와 별개로 존재하고 있고, 더욱이 통시적으로 '-(으)니-' 보다는 '-니까'가 나중에 나타났다는 점을 고려한다면, '-니까'는 '-(으)니-'에 없는 특정한 기능을 반드시 수행하리라는 추측이 가능하다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 기존의 통사 의미적인 관점이 아닌 인지 화용론적 관점에서 '-(으)니-'와 '-니까'에 대한 새로운 분석을 시도하고자 한다. 아울러 '-니까'를 포함하는 '그러니까'도 함께 살펴보려고 한다. '그러니까'는 담화상에서 그에 선행하는 모든 정보를 맥락적 배경지식으로 놓고, 후속되는 발화를 그에 대한 맥락 함축(contextual implication)으로 나타내는 화용론적 기능을 담당하는 담화 연결표현이라고 주장하고자 한다. 영어의 'so'가 'therefore', 'thus', 'hence' 등과 구별되고, 그 기준이 적합성 원리에 의해 설명될 수 있듯이, 우리말의 '그러니까' 역시 '그래서', '그러므로' '그러니' 등과 구별되며, 그 차이점이 적합성 원리로 설명될 수 있다는 점을 보일 것이다. 더 나아가서, 현대 한국어의 여타 접속어미에도 본고에서와 같은 새로운 관점 또는 이론의 틀로써 잘 설명될 수 있는 현상이 존재하는지의 여부를 폭넓고 정밀하게 분석 연구하는 일이 요구된다는 점을 나타내고자 한다.편 어류에 함유된 유기주석화합물의 비율을 볼 때, BT 화합물의 경우 MBT 비율이 높게 나타난 반면 PT 화합물에서는 TPT 비율이 높게 나타났다. 전체적으로 볼 때 구룡포항에서 수획한 어패류의 유기주석화합물 농도는 국내 다른 항구의 어패류보다 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다.${\lrcorner}$ 내는 경우가 더 많았으며(75.4%), 남 여 대학생간 에는 고도로 통계적 유의성(p<0.001)이 인정되었다. 4. 음식선택 배경은 ${\ulcorner}$자신${\lrcorner}$이 결정하는 경우가 가장 많았고(52.1%), 선호하는 음식은 치킨, 햄버거, 피자 순이었으며, 남 여 대학생간에는 고도로 통계적 유의차(p<0.001)가 있었다. 즐기는 음료로는 ${\ulcorner}$콜라${\lrcorner}$가 가장 많았으며(46.8%), 그 다음은 사이다, 주스 등의 순으로 나타났으나, 남 여 대학생간에는 유의성있는 차이는 없었다. 음식의 먹는 시기는 점심과 저녁사이의 ${\ulcorner}$간식${\lrcorner}$이 가장 많았으며(42.2%), 남 여 대학생간에는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 패스트푸드는 많은 사람들이 ${\ulcorner}$맛${\lrcorner}$이 좋기 때문에 이용하며(62.8%), 남 여 대학생간에는 통계적 유의성(p<0.05)이 인정되었다. 5. ${\ulcorner}$입맛의 서구화(36.4%)와 외식을 선호(29.1%)${\lrcorner}$ 하기 때문에 패스트푸드를 이용하게 된 것으로 응답 하였으며, 남 여 대학생

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.9B no.6
• /
• pp.817-826
• /
• 2002

In Korean dialogue honorification phenomenon may occur, an honorific pronoun may be used, and a subject or an object may be completely omitted when it can be recovered based on context. This paper proposes that in order to process Korean dialogue in which such distinct linguistic phenomena occur and to construct its representation structure we mark and use the following information explicitly, not implicitly : information about dialogue participants, information about the speech act of an utterance, information about the relative order of social status for the people involved in dialogue, and information flow among utterances of dialogue. In addition, this paper presents a method of marking and using such situational information and an appropriate representation structure of Korean dialogue. In this paper we set up Korean dialogue representation structure by modifying and extending DRT (Discourse Representation Theory) and SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Futhermore, this paper shows how to process Korean dialogue computationally and construct its representation structure by using Prolog programming language, and then applies such representation structure to spontaneous Korean dialogue to know its validity.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.595-607
• /
• 2021

In response to increasing demand of contactless services, the overall usage of "task-oriented chatbots" in the industry is on the rise. The purpose of a task-oriented chatbot is to raise the efficiency of data sharing and workflow; in order to establish a guideline, there must be a discussion on "what" and "how" to share information. We investigate the effects of personalization and different types of the interface on 'performance expectancy', 'effort expectancy', 'intention to use', and 'satisfaction' in the context of a task-oriented chatbot. Results show that 'intention to use' and 'satisfaction' were higher when the level of personalization was higher. Within the closed-discourse interface, 'intention to use' and 'satisfaction' were higher when personalization was lower. We highlight the practical insights in the use of personalization and types of chatbot interface based on 'perceived personalization', 'expectation disconfirmation theory', 'privacy concern' and 'privacy paradox'.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.323-345
• /
• 2015

This study examined the types of abduction appeared in the exploration activities of 'law of large numbers' in order to figure out relation between statistical reasoning and abduction. When the classroom discourse of students was analyzed by Peirce's abduction, Eco's abduction type and Toulmin's argument pattern, students used overcoded abduction the most in the discourse of abduction. However, there composed a low percent of undercoded abduction leading to various thinking, and creative abduction used to make new principles or theories. By the CAS calculators used in the process of reasoning, students were provided with empirical context to understand the concept of abstract probability, through which they actively participated in the argumentation centered on the reasoning. As a result, it was found that not only to understand the abduction, but to build statistical context with tools in the learning of statistical reasoning is important.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.93-112
• /
• 2012

This study focuses on the characteristics of information seeking behavior through the casual interactions which are regular contacts with others as information sources in the context of ELIS. Qualitative data were gathered using semi-structured one-to-one interviews with 9 wild-goose mothers in order to investigate the casual interactions. We identified information needs, patterns and characteristics of information seeking behavior through the casual interactions and the major interpretative repertoires.