Journal of Music and Human Behavior (인간행동과 음악연구)

Korean Music Therapy Education Association (한국음악치료교육학회)
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An Exploratory Study on Narrative Elements-Based Therapeutic Rap Protocol for Enhancing Discourse Skills in Adolescents With Mild Intellectual Disabilities

경도 지적장애 청소년의 담화기술 향상을 위한 이야기 구성요소 기반 치료적 랩 프로토콜의 탐색적 연구

  • Kim, Sol E (Incheon Bupyeong-dong Elementary School)
  • Received : 2024.06.17
  • Accepted : 2024.08.02
  • Published : 2024.08.31
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Abstract

This case study aimed to develop a therapeutic rap protocol based on narrative components for improving discourse skills of adolescents with mild intellectual disability (ID) and to explore its applicability. The protocol matched narrative elements (background, initiating event, internal response, attempts, and reaction) with rap components (verse, hook, and interjections), guiding participants to narrate their experiences in a connected discourse form. The protocol was also structured to gradually increase in difficulty, considering the developmental levels of adolescents with ID and it included steps for understanding discourse structures, applying narrative elements to content creation, and expanding narratives. Post-intervention analysis of the stories and rap lyrics created by participants to express their real-life experiences showed that participants increased the length of their stories and rap compositions, with notable improvements in rhythmicity and the inclusion of narrative elements. These findings suggest that, instead of constructing rap from random utterances, providing a structured framework reflecting discourse structure enhanced participants' understanding of event context and logical connections. Furthermore, the various elements and rhythmic features of rap can strengthen motivation and organization in discourse. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of rap in addressing the unique developmental needs of adolescents with mild ID, thereby diversifying and systematizing music therapy interventions for this population.

본 연구는 경도 지적장애 청소년의 담화기술 향상을 목표로 이야기 구성요소 기반의 치료적 랩 프로토콜을 구성하고, 해당 프로토콜의 실제적 적용 가능성을 탐색하고자 한 사례 연구이다. 본 연구에서는 이야기의 구성요소((배경서술, 개시사건, 내적반응, 시도 및 반응)와 랩의 구성요소(벌스, 훅, 추임새 등)를 매칭시켜, 참여자들이 자신의 경험을 연결된 담화 형태로 이야기하도록 유도하는 프로토콜을 구성하였다. 또한 구성된 프로토콜은 지적장애 청소년의 인지적, 언어적 발달 수준을 고려해 담화 구조의 경험 및 이해, 담화 구성요소의 적용을 통한 내용 구성, 담화 구조를 적용한 확장 형태의 이야기 시도의 단계로 점진적으로 난이도를 높여가며 진행되도록 하였다. 참여자들이 자신의 실제 경험을 표현한 이야기와 직접 구성한 랩의 내용을 분석한 결과, 중재 후 모든 대상자의 이야기와 랩의 구성 길이가 증가했으며, 랩에서 리듬적 특성을 포함하는 정도와 담화에서 이야기 구성요소를 포함하는 정도가 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 시도된 무작위 발화에 리듬을 붙여 랩을 구성하는 대신, 담화 구조를 반영한 구체적인 틀을 제공한 전략적 시도가 사건의 맥락과 논리적 연결성에 대한 참여자들의 이해를 증진시켰으며, 이 과정에서 랩의 다양한 요소와 리듬적 특성이 담화 시도의 동기 부여와 조직화를 강화할 수 있었음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 랩의 치료적 특성이 경도 지적장애 청소년의 고유한 언어 발달적 필요에 적용될 수 있음을 탐색함으로써, 해당 대상자를 위한 음악치료 중재 범위를 다양화하고 체계화했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Keywords

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