• Vending industry
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• v.4 no.3 s.11
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• pp.55-58
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• 2004

2004년 7월 29일부터 담배자동판매기를 이용하여 담배를 구매하기 위해서는 주민등록증 또는 운전면허증을 소지하거나, 신용카드와 같은 금융카드를 소지해야 한다. 현재 $\ulconer$청소년보호법$\lrcorner$에 따라 19세 미만의 청소년에게는 담배를 판매할 수 없도록 하고 있으나, 실제로 청소년들은 무인자동판매기를 통해 담배를 쉽게 구매할 수 있었다. 이에 대한 대안으로 담배자동판매기에는 보건복지부장관이 정하는 성인인증장치를 의무적으로 부착토록 지난해 $\ulcorner$국민건강증진법$\lrcorner$이 개정되었고(`03.7.29), 보건복지부는 주민등록증 또는 운전면허증과 같은 신분증을 이용하거나, 신용카드와 같은 금융거래카드를 이용하는 방법이 법에서 정하는 성인인증장치라는 내용의$\ylcorner$국민건강증진법시행규칙$\lrcorner$을 개정, 2004년 7월 29일 공포하였다. 이러한 제도개선으로 청소년에 대해 담배를 판매하는 불법행위는 줄어들 것으로 예상되며 , 청소년 흡연을 억제하는데도 긍정적인 효과가 기대된다. 담배자동판매기에 성인인증장치를 부착하지 않고 담배를 판매하면 200만원 이하의 과태료를 처분이 내려진다. 우리나라 담배자동판매기는 금연운동의 강화와 규제 등으로 계속 감소하는 추세에 있으며 , 2003년말 현재 약 3천여대가 운영되고 있는 것으로 파악되고 있으며, 이번 조치로 그 수는 더욱 줄어들 것이 예상된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.778-787
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• 2012

The influence of salicylic acid (SA) on growth, chlorophyll, and rubisco/rubisco activase and effect of denaturator on rubisco/rubisco activase activity were studied in tobacco plants grown in vitro with cadmium (Cd) treatment. In order to find out the optimum concentration of SA, tobacco plants treated with $10^{-6}$ mM - $10^2$ mM of SA were grown in MS medium for 9 weeks, respectively. The most pronounced effect on in vitro growth was found at $10^{-4}$ mM SA. Among the control (not treated with Cd and SA), SA, Cd, and Cd + SA, the growth and content of chlorophyll were in the sequence of Cd < Cd + SA < control < SA, and significantly higher at SA compared with others. Similar results were also observed in the content and activity of rubisco and rubisco activase. These data suggest that inhibitory effect by Cd was reversed by SA. These results also indicate that SA has a positive effect on Cd. The effect of denaturants on rubisco activity showed in the sequence of Cd < Cd + SA < control < SA. Rubisco activity was promoted by L-cysteine and ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol, not by urea, thiourea, and guanidium-HCl. These data suggest that urea, thiourea, and guanidium-HCl are able to act as denaturator, and L-cysteine and ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol are not. None of the five denaturants affected the activity of rubisco activase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.453-460
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• 2005

This investigation was performed to study Cd toxicity and the influence of Ca on Cd toxicity in growth, and photosynthetic pigments and enzymes in tobacco. Cd inhibited both growth and level of chlorophyll, but the inhibition was compensated by the treatment of Ca. Especially, chlorophyll content was significantly increased by the combination of Cd and Ca treatment compared with Cd treatment alone. In addition, activity and content of rubisco by Cd treatment was also significantly lesser than the non-treated control. The highly reduced activity of rubisco was minimized by the combined treatment of Ca to Cd. Rubisco activase activity and content also showed a pattern of change similar to the rubisco level, suggesting that Cd- and Ca-induced changes of rubisco could be caused by rubisco activase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.646-651
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• 2007

This investigation was performed to study the influence of Cd and nitrate on growth, and chlorophyll and photosynthetic enzymes in seedling of tobacco. Growth inhibition by Cd was not recovered by nitrate. Chlorophyll levels were reduced by Cd. The combination of Cd and low concentration of nitrate decreased the chlorophyll content compared to that in plants exposed only to Cd. Activity and content of rubisco at Cd treatment was significantly lesser than in plants receiving no treatment, These data suggest that rubisco activity was associated with an amount of rubisco protein, and that the activation and synthesis of rubisco is inhibited by Cd. Both the activity and content of rubisco decreased by Cd were more decreased by nitrate. A similar change pattern was also observed in activity and content of rubisco activase. These results suggest that Cd- and nitrate-induced changes of rubisco could be correlated with rubisco activase, and that nitrate was concerned in not only the activation and synthesis of rubisco directly, but also rubisco activase leading to a large change in rubisco.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.361-367
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• 1997

This study was carried out to select cadmium resistant cell lines from leaf-derived calli of diploid and haploid of Nicotiana tabacum cv. BY4, for understanding adaptation mechanism of plants in cadmium contaminated environment. suspended cell clumps were plated onto selection medium containing 0 to 2,000 $\mu$M cadmium. Cadmium resistant colonies were formed on the selection medium after 3 or 4 weeks of culture. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of cadmium on colony formation were 300 $\mu$M in diploid and 200 $\mu$M in haploid plants, respectively. In order to test the resistance to cadmium, selected cell line on MIC were transferred to medium containing high concentration of cadmium. The selected cell lines, especially haploid cell line, were resistant an the high concentration of cadmium. And dry weight, ash weight, and cadmium contents of cell were increased. These results indicated that the selected cell lines showed higher resistance of cadmium than control cells, and haploid plant is more resistant than diploid plant on medium with cadmium.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.558-566
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• 2014

Growth induced by cadmium (Cd) and ethylsalicylic acid (ESA) and the effect of ESA on rubisco/rubisco activase were studied in tobacco. The effect of denaturants on rubisco/rubisco activase was also investigated. In order to determine optimal concentration of ESA for growth of tobacco, tobacco was treated with $10^{-6}$-10 mM. It was found that its growth was the highest at $10^{-4}$ mM ESA. In the experiment using control, Cd treated group, ESA treated group, and Cd and ESA mixture group, ESA alone showed the highest growth and Cd showed the lowest growth. Cd treated group was the lowest in both rubisco/rubisco activase content and activity. ESA reduced the rubisco/rubisco activase content, but increased their activity. The activity of rubisco was inhibited by treating L-cysteine, urea, thiourea, ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol, and EDTA other than guanidine-HCl in control group. L-cysteine, urea, thiourea, and guanidine-HCl treatments showed no change, but ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol and EDTA increased rubisco activase activity. In conclusion, ESA inhibited the content of rubisco and promoted its activity, whereas promoted the content of rubisco activase and inhibited its activity. In addition, the content and activity of rubisco and rubisco activase inhibited by Cd were recovered by ESA. The activity of rubisco and rubisco activase by Cd and ESA was inhibited by the denaturant and the recovery of ESA inhibited by Cd was lost by the denaturant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2001

Calli were induced from diploid and haploid tobacco after 4 weeks and maintained on MS medium with combination of 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D,0.1 mg/L BAP and 2.0 mg/L kinetin. Suspension cells were screened through 65 $\mu$m-nylon mesh and 100 $\mu$m-mesh, then they were smeared on selection medium combined with cadmium and PFP by using the low melting agarose of 0.8%. After 30days smeared cultures of the medium the cell was treated with 500 $\mu$M and 1000 $\mu$M to select the resistant cell line were selected. Plant regeneration was induced from the selected cell lines on medium with 0.5, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L BAP and on media with combination of auxin and BAP under 500 $\mu$M and 1000 $\mu$M cadmium. At this time, plant regeneration was achived on cadmium free medium. In case of haploid, occurred from the cell line which is selected in medium with cadmium and PFP. In case of diploid regeneration occurred is in the medium with cadmium alone. The plantlet regenerated from cadmium resistant calli grew well in cadmium 500 $\mu$M. Protein pattern of leaf, root, stem of regenerated plants was analyzed. The quantum was 6.5188 ug/mg.fr.wt in the leaf of plant, 5.3611 ug/mg.fr.wt in the stem, 3.0213 ug/mg.fr.wt in the root. On the other hand, 5.9652 ug/mg.fr.wt. in the leaf of control, 3.5974 ug/mg.fr.wt in the stem of the control, 4.3766 ug/mg.fr.wt. in the root of the control. The one dimension bends regenerated from cadmium resistant calli resistant to cadmium in leaf were 49 involving 198.7KD etc. Disappeared were 4 involving 160.5KD etc, The protein bends were combinized were 3 involving 83.4KD etc. The bends resistant to cadmium stress in stem were 41 involving 4.3KD etc. Disappeared were 5 involving 114.8KD etc. The protein bends combinized were 6 involving 128.7KD etc. The bends which had the resistance to cadmium stress in root is 27 in volving 166,9KD etc. The bends which disappeared were 198.7KD etc. There were 5 involving 83.4KD etc.

• Vending industry
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• v.3 no.2 s.10
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• pp.71-76
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• 2004

그간 관심의 초점이 되었던 성인인증장치의 그 구체적 범위를 지정하는 국민건강증진법시행규칙개정령안이 입법예고 되었다. 지난 2003년 7월 29일 청소년 금연을 위하여 성인인증담배자판기의 합법적인 설치를 인정하는 국민건강증진법이 개정된 이후, 보건복지부 건강정책과에서는 협회를 중심으로 한 산업계 의견을 수렴하여 구체적인 성인인증장치의 범위를 규정하는 국민건강증진법시행규칙 세부안을 준비해 왔다. 이번 공고안에 따르면 성인인증장치의 범위를 신분증 방식만이 아닌 신용카드 등 금용신용거래장치에 의한 방법까지를 포함해 기술의 다양성 측면을 반영했다. 금호 정책초점에서는 새롭게 공고된 국민건강증진법시행규칙의 세부 내용과 이번 입법이 미칠 시장영향에 대해 살펴보는 시간을 마련했다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.432-437
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• 2017

Yellow sticky traps have been commonly used for monitoring tobacco whitefly populations in open-fields, as well as in greenhouses. However, the attractiveness depends on various factors such as the reflected intensity (brightness) and hues of yellow color (wavelength) of the trap surface, which is often influenced by environmental conditions and may sometimes affect tobacco whitefly capture. Therefore, the use of light-emitting traps can be a significant complementary tool to strengthen the attractiveness and selectivity of these traps. This research was carried out in tomato greenhouses to evaluate the light-emitting trap as potential attractants for Bemisia tabaci adults. The results showed that B. tabaci adults on average preferred (p>0.05) traps in yellow lights (590 nm) ($168{\pm}7.6adults/trap$) compared to traps in white lights ($106{\pm}4.6adults/trap$) and traps without lights ($60{\pm}4.8adults/trap$). The yellow light trap(590 nm) showed the most attractive to B. tabaci adults, followed by a little lower attraction to the white light trap(450-625 nm), whereas the control (no light trap) was little attractive to B. tabaci adults. These results suggested that yellow and white light traps could have a promising use in greenhouses for the identification, monitoring, and pest control tools of tobacco whiteflies.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate cadmium concentrations among metals in ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) of indoor environments and to evaluate the cadmium as a marker of ETS. The correlations of cadmium concentrations and nicotine, 3-EP, RSP, SD (Smoking Density), and SI (Smoking Index). Air samples of metals, nicotine, 3-EP, and RSP were taken in smoking room, smoking allowed office, corridor outside smoking room, and non-smoking office respectively. The SD, ACH, and SI were investigated during sampling. Airborne concentration of cadmium known as human carcinogen were qualified and quantified. The SD was 0.2 to $2.6cig/m^2{\cdot}hr$, and the mean value of SD in smoking rooms was $1.2cig/m^2{\cdot}hr$ that is higher than other researches. The mean of ACH in smoking rooms was 11.1. The concentrations of cadmium showed log-normal distributions and the geometric mean concentrations of cadmium in smoking rooms, corridor outside smoking rooms, smoking allowed offices, and non-smoking offices were $0.045{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.018{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.021{\mu}g/m^3$, and $0.017{\mu}g/m^3$ respectively. The concentrations of cadmium in smoking room showed significant difference according to category of indoor office environments (p<0.05) and showed compliance with occupational exposure limits. The correlation coefficients between cadmium and nicotine, 3-EP, and RSP were 0.53, 0.41, 0.43 respectively. The cadmium among metals showed the highest correlations (r=0.63) with SI. It was recommended cadmium among metals is a good indicator for ETS.