• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

This study investigated the characteristics of spatial expansion/centralization and the spatial structural change of urban. The data used in analysis were urban population, employment, building floor area, and land price. The analysis was performed for the data of 1995, 2000, and 2005 during 10 years after 1995. The method of research was as follows; The movement of mean center and standard distance/standard deviation ellipse was estimated to investigate the urban growth change. The result of Moran's I analysis showed a clustered pattern, not a dispersed pattern, however; the effect was not significant. The town area requires the well-ordered urban planning such as land use. The contours map demonstrates that a monopole structure was generally transformed into a multicentralization structure. The development of mutural connection axis among central street roads was fragile.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.367-381
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the change in the distribution and hierarchical structure of commercial land use. Tools for analyzing the spatial structure are index of concentration, coefficient of localization and location quotient. This research is applied to Daegu, focusing on the period 1985-2003. During the 1985-2003 period, the growth rate of commercial land use volume amounted to 330%, compared with a population growth rate of 118%. The biggest component of commercial land use is the retail sector. As the lodging, medical, transportation-warehouse and entertainment sectors have the propensity for concentration and comprise the specialized commercial areas in the suburbs, the other sectors arc evenly distributed. Jung-gu has functioned as a downtown core in the hierarchical structure of commercial areas. So, in the structure of commercial land use, Daegu has continued to be a single nuclear structure. But, Dongdaegu Station influence area has evolved into the second order center since 2000. This is the sign of change in spatial structure from single-nuclear pattern to multi nuclear pattern.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2009

A 5-month-old intact female Siberian Husky dog was presented for evaluation of severely enlarged maxilla. Abnormalities in CBC, serum chemistry and urinalysis indicated purulent inflammation and renal failure. Cytologic examination of the swollen maxilla showed a mixed population of multinucleated giant cells and round to polygonal to spindle shaped cells either individualized or aggregated. Both type of cells showed moderate anisokaryosis, and anisocytosis, prominent nucleolus or multiple nucleoli, and coarse chromatin. On histopathology maxilla and turbinate were diffusely expanded and replaced by variably dense fibrous connective tissue, and the kidneys showed changes consistent with renal dysplasia. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy due to renal dysplasia and fibrosis was made. Despite the supportive care, the dog continued to decline and was euthanized.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.443-470
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• 2003

This study is to consider economic, political, socio-cultural and environmental characteristics of the new urbanization process and its spatial structures and urban policy of Seoul in the 1990s. Some experimental findings which have been identified throughout this study can be summarized as follows. First of all, Seoul, the largest city in S.Korea has experienced a restructuring process of economy, which has been promoted by the development of producer services as well as knowledge- based or high tech industries. Secondly, the autonomy of Seoul has increased after the introduction of local self-government, with relatively higher self-management of local finance than other cities, strengthening the tendency of enterpreneurialism, empowering civil movements, and increasing the political participation of women. Thirdly, in the socio-cultural aspect, the material wants to gain a certain identity through consumption, using urban environments culturally, varying consuming attitudes and ways of leisure times in relation with the rapid development of transportation and information communication. Fourthly, in the environmental aspect, Seoul has tried to introduce the concept of sustainable development in terms of increasing wants on the quality of life, and to develop a pro-environmental eco-city with environmental rehabilitation, constructing green space and eco-park. Finally, in the spatial dimension, Seoul has shown a structuration of multi-centers, with highly spectacular urban landscapes and seemingly authentic urban planning. These results make us confirm that Seoul has been in the process of new urbanization which can be distinguished from the previous one.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-100
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• 2022

In the era of low growth, many provincial cities are experiencing population decline and aging. Population decline phenomena such as reduction of productive manpower, reduction of finances, deterioration of quality of life, and collapse of the community base are occurring in a chain and are being pushed to the brink of extinction of the cities. This study aims to propose a methodology to objectively estimate the employment creation centers and setting the basic unit of industrial-centered zoning by applying spatial statistical techniques and GIS for the application of the compact city plan as an efficient spatial management policy in a city with a declining population. In details, based on reviewing previous studies on compact city, 'employment complex index(ECI)' were defined considering the number of workers, the number of settlers, and the area of development land, the employment creation center was estimated by applying the 'Local Moran's I' and 'Getis-Ord's Hot-Spot Analysis'. As a case study, changes in the four years of 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were compared and analyzed for Changwon City. As a result, it was confirmed that the employment creation center is becoming compacted and polycentric, which is a significant result that reflects the actual situation well. This results provide the basic data for functional and institutional territorial governance for the regional revitalization platform, and provide meaningful information necessary for spatial policy decision-making, such as population reduction, regional gross domestic product, and public facility arrangement that can respond to energy savings, transportation plans, and medical and health plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2008

Bone mass in adults decreases with age because of the imbalance between the rate of bone formation and resorption. We performed this study to investigate whether Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. (ACAE) plays a role in osteoblasts differentiation and osteoclasts formation. Ethanol extract of ACAE showed increase in the differentiation and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts. Also, it decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (OCLs) and TRAP activity. Therefore, ACAE has the potential to prevent bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis by increasing the differentiation of osteoblasts and reducing both the number and activity of osteoclasts.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.120-131
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• 2009

This study measured the centripetal force and effective scope of the population spread from urban center and subcenters in order to diagnose the urban spatial structure of the formation of a multicentric city structure in Busan. The study analyzed the variability of the determination coefficient value (R square) with a negative exponential function derived from the population density model by extending the circular region into 5-km units. The aim of this study was to measure changes in the effective scope of the population centripetal force of the urban center and subcenter in 5-year intervals from 1995 to 2005 using census data. The explanatory adequacy of the population density function was examined with the bias of the function to calculate the distance error between the real location of the urban center and the optimal location, according to the population density function. To summarize the results, the value for the area of Jungangdong showed a continuous reduction, whereas Seomyeon (Bujeondong) maintained explanatory adequacy without a large change. As a whole, Busan was in the process of continuous diversification, in spite of its reduced population. Therefore, it appears necessary to strengthen the function of the urban center and subcenter and to supply adequate dwelling zones close to downtown to form a more efficient urban spatial structure. The results of the present study will be utilized as basic data for the formulation of a political approach to the efficient reorganization of spatial structure by correlating concrete spatial information with the population variability of Busan's urban center and subcenter.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.562-584
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• 2004

This paper intends to identify the structure of homogeneous regions and functional regions in Seoul based on B.J.L. Berry's ‘general field theory of spatial behavior’. The structure of homogeneous regions by using socio-economic variables can explain how the structural elements of the city are arranged. It can be ssid that Seoul has shifted towards more complicated and differentiated features in terms of homogeneous regions. The different patterns are found between the northern part to Han River where old torn areas are located and the southern part to Han River where newly urbanized areas are located. Usually, the concentric pattern and the sectoral pattern coexist, which is enhanced moving from CBD to the outskirt area. The distribution of different social classes shows irregular pattern similar to the variation of living environment. The social gap is expected to be more widening between new towns and old towns. The analysis of spatial movement pattern shows no clear hierarchical order because of current shifts towards both multi-nuclear pattern and spatial dispersion. The functional regions show duplicated structure overlapping their boundaries each other. The ‘general field theory of spatial behavior’ strongly suggests that spatial interactions among sub-areas in the city are differentiated from the basic characteristics and function of each sub-area. The attributes of homogeneous regions and functional regions are interrelated in the characteristics of isomorphic nature.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.976-982
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the modulating effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, on the differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblasts. We demonstrated that trichostatin A induced morphological changes of C2C12 myoblasts into smooth muscles and significantly increased the gene expression of smooth muscle markers including smooth muscle ${\alpha}-actin$ and transgelin. These results were due to the change in the expression level of cell cycle regulators in trichostatin A-treated C2C12 cells. Real-time PCR data revealed that cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, mRNA expression was significantly increased in trichostatin A-treated C2C12 cells. However, trichostaDn A rapidly decreased cyclin Dl mRNA expression necessary for cell cycle progression in 24hr after treatment. In conclusion, the strong inhibitory effects of trichostatin A on histone deacetylation induced transdifferentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into smooth muscle cells and these results are partly due to the changes in the expression of cell cycle regulators such as p21 and cyclin D1.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.93-95
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• 2010

White rot fungi which have lignin degrading enzymes show high degrading activity to diverse recalcitrant compounds such as polycyclic aromatic compounds, dyes, explosives and endocrine disrupting chemicals. We have examined decolorizing activity of dyes by Phlebia tremellosa and two transformants which had genetically transformed using laccase or manganese peroxidase (MnP) gene. In case of methyl green, wild type strain showed 50% decolorization while laccase transformant (TF2-1) and MnP transformant (T5) showed more than 90% decolorization on day 3. Remazol brilliant blue R(RBBR) was decolorized up to 85% by two transformants while the wild type showed 67% decolorization on day 3. Transformants TF2-1 and T5 both showed increased laccase and MnP activity respectively during the whole growing phase.