Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회지)

The Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회)
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Estimation of Employment Creation Center considering Spatial Autocorrelation: A Case of Changwon City

공간자기상관을 고려한 고용창출중심지 추정: 창원시 사례를 중심으로

  • 정하영 (경남대학교 프로네시스융합학부 빅데이터융합공학전공) ;
  • 이태헌 (동국대학교 인구와사회협동연구소) ;
  • 황인식 (창원시정연구원 도시공간연구실)
  • Received : 2022.01.14
  • Accepted : 2022.03.02
  • Published : 2022.03.31
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Abstract

In the era of low growth, many provincial cities are experiencing population decline and aging. Population decline phenomena such as reduction of productive manpower, reduction of finances, deterioration of quality of life, and collapse of the community base are occurring in a chain and are being pushed to the brink of extinction of the cities. This study aims to propose a methodology to objectively estimate the employment creation centers and setting the basic unit of industrial-centered zoning by applying spatial statistical techniques and GIS for the application of the compact city plan as an efficient spatial management policy in a city with a declining population. In details, based on reviewing previous studies on compact city, 'employment complex index(ECI)' were defined considering the number of workers, the number of settlers, and the area of development land, the employment creation center was estimated by applying the 'Local Moran's I' and 'Getis-Ord's Hot-Spot Analysis'. As a case study, changes in the four years of 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were compared and analyzed for Changwon City. As a result, it was confirmed that the employment creation center is becoming compacted and polycentric, which is a significant result that reflects the actual situation well. This results provide the basic data for functional and institutional territorial governance for the regional revitalization platform, and provide meaningful information necessary for spatial policy decision-making, such as population reduction, regional gross domestic product, and public facility arrangement that can respond to energy savings, transportation plans, and medical and health plans.

저성장·고령화시대에 접어들면서 지방의 많은 도시들이 인구감소문제를 경험하고 있다. 생산인 력감소, 재정감축, 삶의 질 저하, 공동체 기반 붕괴 등 다양한 형태의 쇠퇴현상들이 연쇄적으로 발생하면서 지방소멸의 벼랑 끝으로 몰리고 있다. 본 연구는 저성장·고령화 시대 인구감소도시의 효율적인 공간관리 정책으로써 컴팩시티 계획을 적용하기 위해 공간통계기법과 GIS를 활용하여 도시 내 고용창출중심지 추정과 고용 권역을 설정하는 방법론을 제안하였다. 구체적으로 컴팩시티에 관한 선행연구 검토를 통하여 종사자수, 정주인구수, 개발용지 면적을 고려한 새로운 지표 '고용복합지수'를 정의하고, 국지적 모란지수와 핫스팟 분석을 적용하여 고용창출중심지를 추정하였다. 창원시를 대상으로 2013년, 2015년, 2017년, 2019년의 4개 년도를 사례분석을 실시하여 고용창출중심지의 압축된 다핵구조를 확인하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 지속적 도시 성장을 위한 산업중심 권역 설정과 컴팩시티 공간정책의 시사점을 제시하였다. 본 분석 결과는 지역활성화 플랫폼을 위한 기능적·제도적 권역 거버넌스의 기초자료로써 인구감소, 지역총생산, 에너지 절감에 대응할 수 있는 공공시설배치, 교통계획, 의료보건 계획 등 공간정책 의사 결정에 필요한 유의미한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 창원시정연구원의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임.

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