• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2004

The human history has progressed closely related to land. Mankind started land administration as a tool of governance to make land the object of imposing taxation as well as developing the land administration as a concept of securing property rights. People have drawn boundary lines on the ground to form a land parcel according to the usage and/or ownership. Furthermore, the land administration has been developed as a registering system of cadastral records fer the public announcement of fixed boundary instead of changeable ground boundary. Currently the citizens demand the provision of accurate and diverse information on the land which is assessed to has high property value encouraged by the rapid development in the post-industrial society today. However, even though the fact that the Korean cadastral registers produced during the Land Investigation Project are still practically in use causes land-related disputes and promotes public mistrust because of the changed boundaries by parcel mutation, the expansion and contraction of map sheets and the quality deterioration and damage of map paper, but the ultimate resolution is not yet made so far. The distance difference between boundary points are compared and analyzed using TS surveying method in the research as a methodology to resolve the boundary inconsistency, the current problem of cadastral records. Consequently, I'd say that the new surveying method of registering the coordinates of real ground boundary has been regarded as more efficient than considering the matter on the map regardless of urban or rural areas.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2007

This paper aims to evaluate the new regional development policy which is entirely focused on the lagging rural regions in Korea. The new regional development, called the shin-hwal-ryuk policy is to reflect the radical change in the idea and philosophy of rural development. Although traditional rural development policies were top-down-based and physical infrastructure-centered, the new rural development policy idea is based on bottom-up and soft infrastructure which is related to the promotion of regional innovation capacities. However, it is revealed that the new rural policy involves a variety of problems in the process of establishing and making progress the policy plan in a local level. In the operating process of the policy plan, the central government has shown too quick-tempered for achieving visible outcomes, while many of local government suffer from the lacks of professional capabilities to carry out the plan. I see that as a result of the mixture of these problems the new policy is regarded as 'passively localized process' by the central government rather than 'actively localizing process' by the region for building regional innovation capacity.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2008

For agriculture is very highly dependent on climate and weather condistions, global warming seems to have a great impact on it, including its productivity, cultivation condition, product quality, and optimum cultivation location. In this study, we adopted geographical information system (GIS) in order to investigate the changes of Korea's cultivation area which are caused by global warming, especially with the examples of such tropical and sub-tropical fruits as lemon, fig, kiwi, orange, pomegranate, and mandarin. In terms of GIS techniques, we utilized the interpolate function for temperature changes, surface analysis function for slope, and raster calculator. Currently, these fruits's cultivation areas are in Jeju island and southern part of Korea. But these areas will be expanded according as our GIS model assumes $3^{\circ}C$ and $4.5^{\circ}$ increases of average and lowest temperature by the global warming in Korea. Optimum cultivation areas of these six fruits have two patterns; one is expansion and the other is belt shape shift. From the results of the study, we call for an urgent need of Korea government's policy and farmers' reasonable responses about global warming, which will be able to give more opportunities and better foods to Korea society in general.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1030-1035
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of herbicide-resistant rice, a genetically modified organism (GMO) developed by the Rural Development Administration, in Sprague-Dawley rats. The nutrient content of herbicide-resistant polished and brown cooked rice was compared with that of conventional Ilpum polished and brown cooked rice to assess composition equivalence. Compositional analysis was performed to measure proximates, fiber, and minerals before animal feeding. Growing male rats were fed one of the following four diets for six weeks: Ilpum polished cooked rice (IP) and Ilpum brown cooked rice (IB) as a non-GMO and herbicide-resistant polished cooked rice (GP) and brown cooked rice (GB) as a GMO. We checked clinical symptoms (anorexia, salivation, diarrhea, polyuria, anuria, fecal change) every day, food intake, change of body weight twice a week, and serum biochemistry and organ weights after 6 weeks of experimental feeding among the four groups. Nutrient content of the herbicide-resistant rice was similar to that of the non-transgenic control and was within the published range observed for non-transgenic rice. We could not find any significant difference in the above-mentioned items as the index to be checked in the animals fed the GMO. These results suggest that the nutrient content of genetically modified herbicide-resistant rice is compositionally equivalent to that of conventional Ilpum rice and that growing male rats fed herbicide-resistant rice are no different from those fed Ilpum rice, non-GMO for 6 weeks.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.163-168
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• 1986

This study was carried out to compare the conditions of Korean and Japanese forestry. Two countries were appeared same trend in forestry condition, so our forestry in future can be estimated with compared Japanese forestry, but the results obtained are as follows ; 1) The average forest area per capita of the world, Japan and Korea are 0.9, 0.23 and 0.16 ha, respectively, this means that Korean forest area is not sufficient. The growing stock of forest per capita is $22.5m^3$ in Japan and $3.9m^3$ in Korea, but timber consumptions per capita are $1m^3$ in Japan and $0.2m^3$ in Korea. Those mean that both countries have not a plentiful resource of forestry. 2) The forestry production activity becomes gradually stagnation. Both in Korea and Japan, the reforestation and stumpage felling area show gradually decreasing tendency, the artificial forest ratio of total forest area is, at present, 28% in Korea and 40% in Japan. 3) In forestry demand aspect, the ratio of imported timber is 79% in Korea and 62.4% in Japan. Because the price index of timber is lower than the general price index, the dullness of forestry-related industries is expected in future. 4) The forestry labour supply has gradually difficulty because of the reduction in farming labour. 5) The managements of national forests show deficit operation, at present, both in Korea and Japan. The results above mentioned are derived form the poor forest resources, therefore, it is considered that rather more and continuous investment is necessary, but also forestry should be invested in the territorial conservation aspect.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2010

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of breed, sex, Farm-Scale and environment on average daily gain, age at 90kg, backfat thickness, eye muscle area and lean percent of pig. The total number of pig used in this study was 30,525 head consisted of 5,902 Landrace, 18,022 Yorkshire, and 6,601 Duroc on 2004 to 2008. The covariance used in the model to adjust age at the final test. The average daily gain, age at 90kg, and lean percent were significantly superior in medium Farm-Scale. However Backfat thickness and Eye muscle Area were significantly superior in small Farm-Scale. In conclusion this study suggest that breed, sex, test year, test season, Farm-Scale and environment may affect to average daily gain, age at 90kg, backfat thickness, eye muscle area and lean percent. The study about the Farm-Scale has to do continually more than now, and this study will be contributed to development of the pig industry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.574-574
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• 2016

유역으로 유입되는 오염물질의 발생원은 점오염원과 비점오염원으로 구분할 수 있으며 점오염원의 경우 생활하수, 산업폐수, 그리고 축산폐수에 대해 처리시설 확충 및 기술개발을 통해 관리하고 있다. 비점오염원에서의 오염물질 유출은 토지이용, 강우, 불특정적인 오염물질 투입상태 등에 따라 다르며, 지역적 특성에 영향을 받기 때문에 불확실성이 고려되어야 한다. 특히 농촌지역에서의 비점오염은 접근이 어렵고 관리주체가 모호하여 좀처럼 규명되지 않았으며, 전국적으로 그 영향이 정량화되지 않아 실질적인 관리 및 대책마련에 어려움이 있었다. 특히, 가축분뇨의 발생으로부터 처리, 자원화에 이르기까지 각 관리체계에 있어서 축산비점오염의 배출경로와 수계오염부하량, 수질환경 영향을 정밀하게 분석하여 향후 대책마련을 위한 기초자료를 확보할 필요가 있다. 또한 전국적으로 비점오염이 수계에 미치는 영향과, 그 중 축산비점오염의 영향을 면밀히 분석하여 향후 정책 및 제도개선을 위한 과학적 기초자료로서 활용할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 축산 밀집 지역을 대상으로 오염원 조사를 통해 강우시 비점오염 모니터링 지점을 선정 하였으며, 년5회씩 강우 모니터링을 하여 기초데이터를 축적 하였다. 대상지역은 강원도 횡성군에 위치한 일리천 유역이며 농가 수는 총 90개의 농가가 위치하고 있는데 그 중 돼지 1,467마리, 한우 1,957마리, 젖소 581마리, 개 2,880마리, 닭 75,000마리, 사슴 4마리로 조사되었다. 대상유역을 대상으로 배출부하량을 조사한 결과 BOD 배출부하량은 총 509.3 kg/day, T-N 배출부하량은 총 331.5 kg/day, T-P 배출부하량은 총 28.3 kg/day로 조사되었다. 유출특성을 파악하기 위하여 유량가중평균농도(Event Mean Concentration, EMC)를 산정한 결과 BOD의 경우 MW-4에서 1.2 mg/L - 7.2 mg/L, MW-5에서 0.8 mg/L - 6.3 mg/L, MW-7에서 0.7 mg/L - 5.2 mg/L의 범위를 보였다. T-N의 경우 MW-4에서 1.426 mg/L - 5.321 mg/L, MW-5에서 1.205 mg/L - 4.27 mg/L, MW-7에서 0.989 mg/L - 3.859 mg/L의 범위를 보였다. T-P의 경우 MW-4에서 0.245 mg/L - 0.632 mg/L, MW-5에서 0.236 mg/L - 0.596 mg/L, MW-7에서 0.213 mg/L - 0.521 mg/L의 범위를 보였다. 본 연구에서 EMC를 산정한 방법은 평시 수질 및 유량을 정하는 기준에 따라 값이 많이 달라질 수 있다. 따라서 합리적으로 평시 부하량을 제외하고 강우시의 영향을 파악할 수 있는 EMC 산정방법에 대한 추가적인 고찰이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2019

Irrigated and flooded rice paddy contributes to the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) that affect climate. This in turn affects the supply and reliability of the water needed for rice production. This dynamic makes current rice production methods foreseeably less sustainable over time while having other undesirable effects. Intermittent irrigation by a means of the system of rice intensification (SRI) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) methods was reviewed to reduce global warming potential (GWP) from 29% to 90% depending on site-specific characteristics from flooded rice paddy and analyzed to be a promising option for enhancing the productivity of water as well, an increasingly constraining resource. Additional benefits associated with the SRI/AWD can be less arsenic in the grain and less degradation of water quality in the run-off from rice paddies. Adoption and expansion of intermittent irrigation of SRI/AWD may require costly public and private investments in irrigation infrastructure that can precisely make irrigation control, and the involvement and upgrading of water management agencies and farmer organizations to enhance management capabilities. Private and public collaboration as a means of earning carbon credit under the clean-development mechanism (CDM) with SRI/AWD for industries to meet as a part of their GHG emission quota as well as a social contribution and publicity program could contribute to adopt intermittent irrigation and rural investment and development. Also, inclusion of SRI and AWD in programs designed under CDM and/or in official development assistance (ODA) projects could contribute to climate-change mitigation and help to achieve UN sustainable development goals (SDGs).

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2018

In order to quantify nonpoint source pollution, it was proposed to sample at regular intervals of 1 hour for the first 24 hours of storm runoff process by National Institute of Environmental Research for the mixed landuse watershed. However, high frequency sampling requires intensive laboratory analysis and labor costs. In order to investigate the effect of longer sampling interval on the load estimation compared to the 1 hour sampling method, analysis was conducted using monitoring data from rural subwatershed, urban subwatershed, and outlet of the Pungyeongjeongcheon watershed. Statistical analysis revealed that mean of load estimation was not significantly different up to 4 hour sampling frequency. However, 3 hour sampling interval was found to be appropriate for the BOD and TP when it is judged that 10% or less of the difference in loading amount between the 1 hour and other sampling interval is reasonable. The results of this study can be used to conduct an effective monitoring system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: In recent years, studies on microplastics have focused on their decomposition in the ocean. However, no studies have been reported on the interaction between microplastics and metal ions in aqueous solutions. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of cadmium(Cd) by polypropylene (PP) in aqueous solution. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cadmium adsorption characteristics of PP in aqueous solution were evaluated through various conditions including initial Cd concentration(1.25-25 mg/L), contact time(0.5-24 h), initial pH(2-6) and temperature($20-50^{\circ}C$). Cadmium adsorption fit on PP was well described by Freundlich isotherm model with adsorption capacity(K) of 0.028. The adsorption amount of Cd by PP increased with increasing contact time, indicating that adsorption of PP by Cd was dominantly influenced by contact time. Especially, the removal efficiency of Cd by PP was highest at high temperature. However, the surface functional groups of PP before and after adsorption of Cd were similar, suggesting that adsorption of Cd by PP is not related to surface functional groups. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that PP affects the behavior of Cd in aqueous solution. However, in order to clarify the specific relationship between microplastics and metal ions, mechanism research should be carried out.