Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
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Greenhouse Gas Reduction from Paddy by Environmentally-Friendly Intermittent Irrigation: A Review

환경 친화적인 간단관개를 통한 논에서의 온실가스 저감

  • Choi, Joongdae (Department of Regional Infrastructure Eng., Kangwon National University) ;
  • Uphoff, Norman (Government and International Agriculture, Cornell Institute for Public Affairs, Cornell University) ;
  • Kim, Jonggun (Department of Regional Infrastructure Eng., Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Suin (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • Received : 2018.12.04
  • Accepted : 2019.02.12
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

Irrigated and flooded rice paddy contributes to the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) that affect climate. This in turn affects the supply and reliability of the water needed for rice production. This dynamic makes current rice production methods foreseeably less sustainable over time while having other undesirable effects. Intermittent irrigation by a means of the system of rice intensification (SRI) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) methods was reviewed to reduce global warming potential (GWP) from 29% to 90% depending on site-specific characteristics from flooded rice paddy and analyzed to be a promising option for enhancing the productivity of water as well, an increasingly constraining resource. Additional benefits associated with the SRI/AWD can be less arsenic in the grain and less degradation of water quality in the run-off from rice paddies. Adoption and expansion of intermittent irrigation of SRI/AWD may require costly public and private investments in irrigation infrastructure that can precisely make irrigation control, and the involvement and upgrading of water management agencies and farmer organizations to enhance management capabilities. Private and public collaboration as a means of earning carbon credit under the clean-development mechanism (CDM) with SRI/AWD for industries to meet as a part of their GHG emission quota as well as a social contribution and publicity program could contribute to adopt intermittent irrigation and rural investment and development. Also, inclusion of SRI and AWD in programs designed under CDM and/or in official development assistance (ODA) projects could contribute to climate-change mitigation and help to achieve UN sustainable development goals (SDGs).

관개 및 담수 논은 온실가스 배출에 기여를 하고 있으며 이는 기후에도 영향을 미친다. 관개 및 담수는 벼 생산을 위해 필요로 하는 수분의 공급과 안전성에도 영향을 미친다. 현재 벼 생산 방법(담수재배)은 여러 측면에서 부정적인 영향을 미치면서 시간이 지날수록 지속 가능성이 낮아 질 것이다. 이에 담수 논의 지역적 특성에 따라 지구온난화를 29% ~ 90%까지 줄이기 위해 SRI(system of rice intensification)와 AWD(alternate wetting and drying) 방법을 적용한 간단관개 방식이 검토되고 있으며, 점차 제한된 자원인 물을 절약하기 위한 방법으로 알려지고 있다. SRI/AWD 적용에 따른 긍정적인 측면으로는 논에서의 유출로 인한 수질악화를 줄이고 곡물에 비소를 줄일 수 있다는 것이다. SRI/AWD와 같이 간단관개 방법의 적용 및 확장을 위해서는 정밀 관개 조절을 할 수 있는 관개 인프라 구축에 대한 공공 및 민간에서의 비용적인 투자가 필요하며, 관리 능력 향상을 위해 물 관리 기관 및 농민의 노력이 요구된다. 산업분야에서 SRI/AWD와 함께 청정개발체제(CDM, clean-development mechanism) 하에서 탄소 배출권을 얻는 수단으로서의 민간 공공 협력은 간단관개 방식의 적용과 농촌지역 투자 및 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 청정개발체제 하에서 설계된 프로그램 또는 ODA(official development assistance) 프로젝트에 SRI/AWD가 포함된다면 기후변화 완화에 기여할 수 있을 것이고, UN의 지속 가능한 발전 목표(SDGs)를 달성하는 데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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