• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-34
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• 2014

In urban as well as rural areas, there is a vigorous movement to establish cooperatives which are based on the Framework Act On Cooperatives. Eight months after the enforcement of the law, more than 600 cooperatives reported their articles of association to the competent Mayor/Governor in rural areas. Considering the population distribution in urban and rural areas, this is not a small number. Though recently established rural cooperatives are acting throughout diverse business sectors, cooperatives in agricultural sector, which engage in agricultural production, processing and sales, occupy the largest portion of all the rural cooperatives. There are two types of juridical person that are allowed to engage in the agricultural production, processing and sales by the laws. They are Farm Association and Agricultural Business Corporation. Now in rural Korea, farmers tend to establish cooperatives by the Framwork Act On Cooperatives which are in the same business sector with Farm Association or Agricultural Business Corporation. There are many needs to improve legislation regarding cooperatives. Above all, the laws about Farm Association and Agricultural Business Corporation are in urgent need of improvement for the emerging rural cooperatives to be treated fairly.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.967-1006
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• 2014

This study attempted to provide policy recommendations in promoting new cooperatives established in agriculture based on the 2012 Cooperative Act. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 195 newly established cooperatives as the policy target of this study. The new cooperatives were classified as three kinds namely as 'Business' Cooperatives', 'Consumers' Cooperatives', 'Social Cooperatives' based on their member attributes and objectives. Interesting to note that, all of these new cooperatives born by the new Act has taken the marketing business as their main stream business. Among the three types, 'Business Cooperatives' are ranked the highest amount of capital shares per person in average, having about 30 members in size. In categorization, 'Business Cooperatives' include farmer cooperatives as majority and employee cooperatives. They are usually involved in both production and marketing and even in processing activities, and have tried to secure their business performance by e-commerce and stable business contracts. Their diverse activities are highly associated with their local community. Consumers' Cooperatives include consumer cooperatives and stakeholder cooperatives in achieving welfare of members. This type has lower share in capital but has over 30 members in a cooperative, taking marketing (distribution) business as main and often take advantage of their social network and physical store. Regional relationships are less than producer cooperatives. 'Social Cooperatives' are established by public interest and have around 10 members and lowest per capital. their business and community activity is similar to the consumer cooperatives. This study recommends the needs of designing suitable business models by these three types of cooperatives in the future, while appropriating their membership size for their tangible business operations. The government policy direction should aim to develop their new business opportunities and its management stabilization, especially in conjunction with the existing agricultural cooperatives (Nonghyup). It must be rather than to provide simply policy supports for establishment. An in-depth study is recommended in this regard.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2012

국가의 글로벌화 전략에 따라 한 EU, 한 미 FTA가 발효를 앞두고 있으며, 중국도 단순히 농수산물 생산지원에서 탈피하여 농산물 가공촉진을 위한 계획수립 및 지원을 추진 중이다. 이런 대외의 상황변화에 따라 대기업을 제외한 중소식품기업은 고가의 메스티지 제품 생산이나 저가의 범용식품생산에서도 경쟁력이 부족한 실정이다. 노령인구로 인한 농업생산의 구조조정이 완료된 유럽이 농업 및 식품산업에서 경쟁력을 유지하고 있는 배경은 다양한 협동조합기업 그리고 협동조합기업연합의 활발한 경영활동과 한 번 협동조합기업에 가입하면 그 협동조합을 통해 농산물 등을 유통해야 하는 법과 제도에 기반하고 있다. 한국의 경우 "농업협동조합법" 등 기존 8개의 개별법체제는 농수산물생산자 중심으로 식품을 생산하는 중 소규모 식품기업이 연합하여 규모화를 달성할 수 있는 법인을 설립할 수 있는 제도적 기반이 미비하였으나, "협동조합기본법" 제정을 계기로 중 소 식품기업이 함께 공동체를 구성하여 대기업이나 수입식품에 대한 경쟁력을 갖기를 희망한다.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2017

귀농귀촌 문화가 유행하고 농업의 미래 가치에 대한 인식이 변화되면서 농산업으로의 새로운 진출을 계획하는 인구가 늘고 있다. 우리의 농업은 자급자족경제로부터 상업경제로 발전되어 왔고, 글로벌 시장 개방 및 생산 기술의 지속적 발전으로 공급이 수요를 초과하며 가격이 점점하락하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 농업 현장의 여러 어려움에도 불구하고 농산업의 긍정적인 여건들도 형성되고 있다. 올바른 먹거리를 추구하는 식품 소비패턴의 변화, 환 생태 치유 자연에 대한 소비자의 관심고조, 스마트 팜과 같은 생산환경의 자동화, 지역 자원을 근거한 공동경영체 운영 등과 같은 현상이 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 이러한 시점에 농산업분야에 새로이 진출하고자 하는 개인 또는 소규모 사업주체들은 자신의 사업에 대한 정체성을 이해하고, 효율적인 사업운영을 위한 차별화 전략을 확보할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 개별 또는 소규모 조직의 농업인과 예비농업인들이 자신의 사업에 대한 정체성을 이해하고, 사업운영을 위한 전략 선택을 돕는 비즈니스모델 템플릿 개발을 목표로 하였다. 이를 위해 농업 전문가, 창업 전문가, 비즈니스모델 전문가 풀을 구성하여 농산업 특성을 이해하고 최근 농업 농촌에서 이슈가 되고 있는 농업비즈니스 트랜드를 분석하였다. 근거 자료 및 전문가 토론을 통해 농산업 비즈니스를 '시장가치 추구형', '사회적가치 추구형', '연대하는 시장가치 추구형', '연대하는 사회적가치 추구형'의 4가지 유형으로 구분하고, 각 유형별 사례기업을 조사하여 비즈니스모델을 분석하였다. 비즈니스모델은 비즈니스모델 젠 캔버스를 이용하여 표현하였다. 비즈니스모델 젠은 비즈니스 유형에 따라 일반 창업형, 협동조합형, 임팩트비즈니스형 등 차별화된 캔버스 모델을 제공하고 있으며, 고객중심의 비즈니스 관점을 보다 세밀히 제공하는 툴이다. 본 연구에서는 비즈니스모델 젠을 통해 4가지 유형의 농산업 비즈니스 모델을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 농산업에 진출하는 사업주체의 사업진행 방향 및 전략선택을 위한 교육 컨설팅 현장에서 널리 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.195-210
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• 2016

The study Development of the Agricultural Cooperative in Cambodia seek to explore the progress of agricultural cooperative( AC) development in Cambodia and South Korea. The experiences of Korea AC development are used to improve the Cambodian ACs. The results of study gave a lessons that the Korea ACs, which were multipurpose cooperatives were formed and owned by the government and had been considered as a successful development strategy for rural and agricultural development. As the government directly managed the businesses and other operations, available budgets, close with monitoring, and active member's participation the AC in Korea progressed rapidly for both the members and business scopes and it hugely contributed to rural development of Korea. For the future development of AC in Cambodia recommendations based on lessons from Korea AC will give a message to government and NGO. Rural Development always related with farmer's life. To live well in rural area provide effective mechanism to income increase. To development of AC in Cambodia is future of rural development.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.13-29
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• 2018

Currently, rural labor markets are undergoing a structural change in which the proportion of non-agricultural industries is increasing, instead of decreasing the proportion of agriculture. The purpose of this study is to propose policy for job creation in rural areas through analyzing the employment situation in Rural Korea in the context of this structural change. Using the Census of Agriculture, Farm Household Economy Survey, we analyzed the increase of low income farmers and self-employed farmers. We analyzed the changes of non-farm employment in rural areas using the Census on Establishment. The main results of the study are as follows. First, farms' pathways are very diverse by the levels of income from their own farming and other gainful activities. It is necessary to implement policies that take into account the development pathways of farm household. Second, most of the farms are in low-income and self-employment status. In order to increase their incomes, it is necessary to increase non-farm income earning policy. The rural non-farm economy is becoming increasingly important in rural Korea. The growth of the non-farm economy will be crucially important when it comes to creating new jobs in rural areas in rural Korea. Third, it is necessary to provide systematic support for rural entrepreneurship as a core policy for expanding jobs beyond agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship has the potential to drive innovations that can reduce poverty and create employment. Fourth, there is a need for measures to increase jobs in the welfare field, which is growing fastest in recent years. In the welfare field, we can find vigorous collective actions in some rural communities such as community business, cooperative movement and various community development activities. Those activities will help increase the employment of aged farmers and low-income farm household.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-45
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• 2018

This research is concerned with the current state and uniqueness of Vietnam's Fair Trade through the case study of Fair Trade Organizations (hereafter FTOs) in Vietnam. Vietnam has emerged a successful developing country with rapid economic growth under the socialist regime, while the income gap between the rich and the poor is still growing. Especially the poverty is becoming a serious issue for ethnic minorities and smallholder farmers in the mountainous areas. Fair Trade in the early stage has been initiated, and still is led by the charities and international development agencies of the Global North. But Vietnam's Fair Trade has been introduced by local Vietnamese who have been motivated to solve their own problems voluntarily. This is different from other Fair Trade producing countries in the Global South. It's noticeable that Vietnam's FTOs are playing a significant role of adopting and applying Fair Trade practices. Concerning Fair Trade producing countries the researchers are mostly focusing on Africa and Latin America and the themes are mainly to do with the impact of Fair Trade producers. There are very few research outcomes on the analysis of producing countries' FTOs and their motives and developing processes. The research findings can contribute to understand not only Vietnam's challenges and issues, but also Fair Trade producing countries in general.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.358
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• pp.65-70
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• 2023

(사)한국패키지디자인협회(회장 강부연)가 '2022 제31회 대한민국패키지디자인대전'의 수상작을 발표했다. 이 공모전은 국내 유일의 포장디자인 공모전으로 대학생부문과 일반부문으로 나뉘어 독창성, 상품의 외관, 기능, 소재, 경제성 등을 심사하여 선정했다. 이번 공모전은 포장디자인 분야 디자이너들의 많은 관심과 호응으로 대학생부문은 10개 대학 177점, 일반부문은 30개 업체 71점이 우수 포장디자인 제품으로 선정되어 포장 디자인의 중요성을 통해 위상을 다시 한 번 드높였다. 출품작들의 주목할 점으로는 친환경 트렌드를 반영한 다수의 제품들이 출품되었다는 것이다. 특히, 코로나19 장기화로 인한 소비패턴과 생활의 변화에 따른 트렌드를 반영한 포장디자인 제품이 대거 출품되어 이목을 끌었다. 올해 '대상'은 서울우유협동조합 골든저지밀크 제품이 선정되었으며, 이외 은상으로 업사이클링에 포커스를 맞춘, (주)신원인팩/페어플레이파머스 농업회사법인 사과 부산물을 활용한 친환경 사과트레이 [업사이클링 : APPLE CLAM(애플클램), 화이트와 메탈릭 컬러 매치를 통한 고급화 이미지를 극대화시킨 디자인 (주)아워홈 AMORIS Charcutrie 등 우수 포장디자인으로 선정되었다. 본지에서는 공모전 일반부문 본상 수상작들을 통해 패키지디자인의 최신 동향을 살펴보도록 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.496-499
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• 2016

The smartfarm is a leader in the Field of environmental monitoring in agriculture. By the use of wireless remote systems, monitoring applications of the smartfarm are able to provide vital information to the farmer wherever he may be. Absentee farmers are finding the ease of viewing the application graphs on their mobile phone is providing them with peace of mind. We design system and technical requirements of service for managing and operating smart-farm based on cloud technology. It describes requirements of cloud technology for monitoring, controlling, managing, and operating cloud-based smart farm. Smart farm system and service with cloud platform contains 3 interfaces and 3 services. In addition, smart-farm using cloud platform could have several cases so it should be established and managed in varying way depending on cultivars, its size and type. This paper will focus the industry's attention on the importance of Open/Standard Cloud platform thereby stimulating the smartfarm in agriculture.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.65-71
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• 2015

Purpose - Domestic cooperatives tend to increase during the establishment of cooperatives and gradually through the basic law of social needs. However, only cooperatives' qualitative grow this secured without blessings, and their quantitative growth through government support is questionable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the agricultural cooperatives established through the Distribution System Cooperatives Basic Law, which was enacted in January 2012. Subsequently, establishing agricultural cooperatives was done briskly. However, cooperatives established rapidly after the founding of the Basic Law encountered problems. Research design, data, and methodology - To assess the performance of selected agricultural cooperatives, data were analyzed using the methodological Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The AHP is a set of systematic procedures to hierarchically analyze the elements of any problem. Using a survey on expertise, a series of comparative determinations of each pair is performed to evaluate the relative strengths and the strengths of the impact between elements within the hierarchy. A survey was conducted on 10 small agricultural cooperatives using AHP analysis for the examination. The purpose of such research and analysis is to recommend a direction for future policies aimed at small agricultural cooperatives. Result - This study applied three types of policy evaluation criterion, including market expansions, organizations, and cooperative projects, and 12 types of small agricultural cooperative policy measures. Market expansion policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four categories: school meals, direct transactions, shopping malls, and wholesale markets. Organizational policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four types: existing sales channel management, education, preventing free riding, and enlarging members. Cooperative project policies in agricultural cooperatives are classified into four policy areas: cooperation between cooperatives, community contribution, joint businesses, and government links. In this paper, the growth priority in agricultural cooperative policies is analyzed by applying policy evaluation criteria on the basis of a survey on expertise. The priorities of the policy program are also analyzed using a decision analytic hierarchy process. The results indicate that market expansion is the most important policy evaluation criterion therefore, improving direct transactions, school meals, management of existing sales channels, and shopping malls are crucial policy measures. In contrast, the cooperation of cooperatives, expansion of union members, and cooperation with the government were found to have low priority. Conclusions - Agricultural cooperatives should develop plans as follows. Small agricultural cooperatives need to secure school meals and direct transactions for market expansion, restructure marketing strategies to manage existing sales channels, and, finally, increase education and training for sustainable organizational development. This study has the following limitations. Because the subject of the investigation is a new cooperative, determining its sustainable growth is difficult. Therefore, through analysis and a continuous study of cooperatives, future research is expected to show that modifying the direction of agriculture cooperatives is necessary.