• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.525-535
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• 1995

The western-style industrial forest management practice involving large scale clearcutting, silviculture with industrially desirable species, and inadequate consideration on ecosystem preservation, has faced severe criticisms from environmentalists, ecologists and conservationists. With an increasing concern about environmental degradation the general public has also been becoming vocal in demanding ecologically sound alternative forest management. An age-old practice of sustainable ecosystem management variously defined as community forestry, social forestry or homestead forestry, has received increased attention in recent days. This type of traditional, and often not very organized method of natural resource management has been practised in many countries from the prehistoric times. It is believed that with a clear understanding of the functioning of ecosystem and community needs, the existing landuse method can be developed into a more productive one. The nature of community forestry management will vary depending on the scale, geographical location, social/community structure and expectations. This article argues that although the rate of economic growth may be lower with community forestry than with industrial forestry, the former fosters the principle of ecosystem sustainability. Industrial forestry may have an initial high growth rate but often it is associated with unsustainable harvesting leading to ecosystem degradation. A review of the traditional methods of economic analyses shows that they do not take into account the many social and environmental costs associated with forestry. It is argued that a well managed community forestry can maintain the critical balance between economic and ecosystem sustainability. An integrated model of community/homestead forestry development is proposed by coordinating the extension services of the departments of agriculture, forestry and environment.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.312-325
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• 2015

In this review, we summarized the trends of genomics and transcriptomics research on peach, a model species of Rosaceae. Peach genome maps have been developed from various progeny groups with many next-generation sequencing (NGS) based single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Molecular markers of qualitative traits and quantitative trait loci (QTL) such as fruit characteristics, blooming date, and disease resistance have been analyzed. Among many characteristics, markers related to flesh softening and flesh adhesion are useful for marker assisted selection. Through comparative genomics, peach genome has been compared to the genome of Arabidopsis, Populus, Malus, and Fragaria species. Through transcriptomics and proteomics, fruit growth and development, and flavonoid synthesis, postharvest related transcriptomes and disease resistance related proteins have been reported. Recently, development of NGS based markers, construction of core collection of germplasm, and genotyping of various progenies have been preceded. In the near future, accurate QTL analysis and identification of useful genes are expected to establish a foundation for effective molecular breeding.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2012

This study was conducted to predict the rice yield loss and to determine the economic threshold levels for direct-seeding flooded rice cultivation from competition to the most serious perennial weeds, Cyperus serotinus Rottb. and Echinochloa crus-galli L. The rice yield loss model of C. serotinus and E. crus-galli were predicted as Y = 560 kg/(1+0.001883x), $r^2$=0.933, and Y = 507 kg/(1+0.001734x), $r^2$=0.867, respectively. In comparison of the competitiveness represented by parameter ${\beta}$, it was 0.001883 in C. serotinus and 0.001734 in E. crus-galli, respectively. Economic thresholds calculated using Cousens' equation were negatively related with the competitiveness of weed. The economic thresholds of C. serotinus and E. crus-galli were 15.5 and 2.3 plants per $m^2$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

This study was conducted to predict the rice yield loss and determine the economic threshold levels for water direct seeded rice from competition of the most serious weeds, Scirpus juncoides Roxb. (bulrush) and Echinochlor crusgalli L. (barnyardgrass) in Daegu of Korea. To predict crop yield as a function of weed density used a rectangular hyperbola, and determine their economic threshold levels used the equation developed by Cousens. The rice yield loss model of S. juncoides was predicted as y = 466 / (1+0.00188x), $R^2$ = 0.933 and that of E. crusgalli was y = 458 / (1+0.02402x), $R^2$ = 0.973. In comparison of the competitiveness represented by parameter ${\beta}$, it was 0.001884 in S. juncoides and 0.02402 in E. crusgalli. Economic threshold calculated using Cousens' equation was negatively related to the competitiveness of weed. So that the economic threshold of S. juncoides was 13.4 and that of E. crusgalli was 1.07 plants per $m^2$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2005

This study was accomplished in order to collect fundamental data on microbial roles in recycling process of reed rhizosphere. Sunchon bay, which is considered as one of the marsh and mud environments severely affected by human activities such agriculture and fisheries, was selected as a model place. In our initial efforts, two bacterial consortia were obtained by enrichment culture using PAH mixtures containing anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene as the sources of carbon and energy, and four pure bacteria capable of rapid degradation of PAH were isolated from them. Four strains designated as SCB1, SCB2, SCB6, and SCB7 revealed by morphological, physiological and molecular analyses were identified as Burkholderia anthina, Alcaligenes sp., Achromobacter xylosoxidans., and Pseudomonas putida, respectively with over $99{\%}$ confidence. Notably, Burkholderia anthina SCB1 and Alcaligenes sp. SCB2 were found to utilize anthracene and pyrene more quickly than naphthalene and phenanthrene, whereas Achromobacter xylosoxidans SCB6 and Pseudomonas putida SCB7 exhibited similar growth and degradation patterns except for pyrene. These facts suggest that the rhizosphere microorganisms capable of PAH degradation might be used to clean up the contamination sites with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_1
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• pp.167-178
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• 2020

KOMPSAT-3A images have been used in various kinds of applications, since its launch in 2015. However, there were limits to scientific analysis and application extensions of these data, such as vegetation index estimation, because no tool was developed to obtain the surface reflectance required for analysis of the actual land environment. The surface reflectance is a product of performing an absolute atmospheric correction or calibration. The objective of this study is to quantitatively verify the accuracy of top-of-atmosphere reflectance and surface reflectance of KOMPSAT-3A images produced from the OTB open-source extension program, performing the cross-validation with those provided by a site measurement data of RadCalNet, an international Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) portal. Besides, surface reflectance was obtained from Landsat-8 OLI images in the same site and applied together to the cross-validation process. According to the experiment, it is proven that the top-of-atmosphere reflectance of KOMPSAT-3A images differs by up to ± 0.02 in the range of 0.00 to 1.00 compared to the mean value of the RadCalNet data corresponding to the same spectral band. Surface reflectance in KOMPSAT-3A images also showed a high degree of consistency with RadCalNet data representing the difference of 0.02 to 0.04. These results are expected to be applicable to generate the value-added products of KOMPSAT-3A images as analysisready data (ARD). The tools applied in thisstudy and the research scheme can be extended as the new implementation of each sensor model to new types of multispectral images of compact advanced satellites (CAS) for land, agriculture, and forestry and the verification method, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) are used widely for military purposes because they are more economical than general manned aircraft and satellites, and have easy access to the object. Recently, owing to the development of IT technology, UAV equipped with various sensors have been released, and their use is increasing in a wide range of fields, such as surveying, agriculture, meteorological observation, communication, broadcasting, and sports. An increasing number of studies and attempts have made use of it. On the other hand, existing research was related mostly to photogrammetry, but there has been a lack of analytical research on LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). Therefore, this study examined the characteristics of a UAV LiDAR sensor for the application of a geospatial information field. In this study, the performance of commercialized LiDAR sensors, such as the acquisition speed and the number of echoes, was investigated, and data acquisition and analysis were conducted by selecting Surveyor Ultra and VX15 models with similar accuracy and data acquisition distances. As a result, a DSM of each study site was generated for each sensor, and the characteristics of data density, precision, and acquisition of ground data from vegetation areas were presented through comparison. In addition, the UAV LiDAR sensor showed an accuracy of 0.03m ~ 0.05m. Hence, it is necessary to select equipment considering the characteristics of data for effective use. In the future, the use of UAV LiDAR may be suggested if additional data can be obtained and analyzed for various areas, such as urban areas and forest areas.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.12B
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• pp.2094-2108
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• 2000

오류를 수반하는 통신망을 통한 멀티미디어 데이터의 응용은 최근 그 수요가 급증하고 있다. 하지만 그 구현은 많은 문제점들을 야기하는데, 전송된 비디오 데이터에 발생한 오류를 처리하는 문제가 그 중 하나이다. 이는 압축된 비트열에 발생한 오류가 영상의 시-공간 방향으로 심각한 전파 현상을 수반하기 때문이다. 이러한 심각한 오류 전파를 완화하기 위해 본 논문에서는 EREC라 알려진 오류 제한 기법을 적용하고, 적용된 EREC의 오류 전파 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 통해, 압축 부호화된 하나의 기본 블록 (매크로 블록)이 복호시 오류가 생길 확률을 추정하였으며, 추정된 확률의 근사를 통해 양 끝단(전송단과 수신단)에서의 비디오 화질 열화를 예측하였다. 추정 확률의 근사는 매 기본 블록에서 발생된 비트수에 대한 그 기본 블록이 복호시 오류가 생길 확률을 간단한 1차식을 통한 선형 회귀법으로 모델링 되었으며, 따라서 간단한 방법을 통해 양 끝단의 화질 열화를 효과적으로 예측할 수 있었다. 부호화된 비트열이 전송 오류에 보다 강인하게 되도록 하기 위해, 본 논문에서 개발된 화질 열화 모델을 양자화기 선택에 적용함으로써, 새로운 최적 양자화 기법을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 최적 양자화 기법은, 기존의 양자기 최적화 기법들과는 달리, 복호단에서의 복원 영상 화질이 주어진 비트율에서 최적이 되도록 양자화를 수행한다. H.263 비디오 압축 규격에 적용한 제안 양자화 기법의 실험 결과를 통해, 제안 기법이 매우 적은 계산상의 부하를 비용으로 객관적 화질은 물론 주관적 화질까지 크게 개선할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.내었다.Lc. lacti ssp. lactis의 젖산과 초산의 생성량은 각각 0.089, 0.003과 0.189, 0.003M이었다. 따라서 corn steep liquor는 L. fermentum와 Lc. lactis ssp, lactis 의 생장을 위해 질소 또는 탄소 공급원으로서 배지에 첨가 될 수 있는 우수한 농업 부산물로 판단되었다.징하며 WLWQ에 적용되는 몇 가지 제약을 관찰하고 이를 일반적인 언어원리로 설명한다. 첫째, XP는 주어로만 해석되는데 그 이유는 XP가 목적어 혹은 부가어 등 다른 기능을 할 경우 생략 부위가 생략의 복원 가능선 원리 (the deletion-up-to recoverability principle)를 위배하기 때문이다. 둘째, WLWQ가 내용 의문문으로만 해석되는데 그 이유는 양의 공리(the maxim of quantity: Grice 1975) 때문이다. 평서문으로 해석될 경우 WP에 들어갈 부분이 XP의 자질의 부분집합에 불과하므로 명제가 아무런 정보제공을 하지 못한다. 반면 의문문 자체는 정보제공을 추구하지 않으므로 앞에서 언급한 양의 공리로부터 자유롭다. 셋째, WLWQ의 XP는 주제어 표지 ‘는/-은’을 취하나 주어표지 ‘가/-이’는 취하지 못한다(XP-는/-은 vs. XP-가/-이). 이는 IP내부 에 비공범주의 존재 여부에 따라 C의 음운형태(PF)가 시성이 정해진다는 가설로 설명하고자 했다. WLWQ에 대한 우리의 논의가 옳다면, 본 논문은 다음과 같은 이론적 함의를 기닌다. 첫째, WLWQ의 존재는 생략에 대한 두 이론 즉 LF 복사 이론과 PF 삭제 이론

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2014

In order to analyze the structural factors and milling performance of farmhouse rice milling machines in Korea, this study classified 29 models of the farmhouse rice milling machines sold in Korea into hulling and polishing devices, examined the structural features for each device, and then analyzed the performance factors based on the results. With regard to hulling devices, impeller rotational speed was investigated as a major structural factor. The hulling devices at an impeller rotational speed of 4,800 rpm were most frequently used and accounted for the largest proportion, 65.5%. At this rotational speed, the hulling rate was the highest, 99.45%, and the brown rice cracked rate was the lowest. Thus, the best impeller rotational speed for the hulling performance was analyzed as 4,800 rpm (p<0.05). With regard to polishing devices, rotor speed was investigated as a major structural factor. The polishing devices with a rotor linear velocity of 2 m/s were most commonly used and accounted for the largest proportion, 60.1%. At this linear velocity, the hulling rate was the highest with 75.07%, and the dispassion rate and broken rice rate were the lowest with 0.02 and 7.06%, respectively. Thus, the best rotor linear velocity for the polishing performance was analyzed as 2 m/s (p<0.05).

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2013

This study supplies basic data to develop a greenhouse model for reducing the damage to single-span greenhouses caused by strong winds and heavy snow. Single-span plastic greenhouses are predominantly used for growing crops in Korea. Thus, the safety wind speeds for single-span greenhouses were calculated and compared with the actual wind speeds and snow depths over a period of 8 years in different regions to analyze the structural safety of single-span greenhouses. The unit wind load and unit snow load were applied to different designs of single-span greenhouse according to the cultivated crop to achieve a structural analysis. As a result, the maximum section force for the wind and snow load was greatest for leaf and root vegetables, where the safety wind speeds for single-span greenhouses according to the cultivated crop were 17.7 m/s(leaf vegetables), 20.2 m/s (fruit vegetables), and 22.3 m/s (root vegetables). Thus, the single-span greenhouses were not found to be safe for the wind load in most regions, except for Hongcheon, Icheon and Sungju. Plus, the safety snow depths for single-span greenhouses according to the crop were 8.8 cm (leaf vegetables), 9.4 cm (fruit vegetables), and 11.8cm (root vegetables). Thus, when comparing the safety snow depths with the actual snow depths, the single-span greenhouses were not found to be safe. Therefore, to improve the safety of single-span greenhouses, the structures need reinforcement by reducing the interval between rafters or increasing the size of the pipes. However, additional research is needed.