• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.409-433
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of contact with the elderly in a daily life on children's ageist attitude. Acknowledging the people's tendency to report in socially appropriate ways to the explicit attitude measurement, implicit measurement is introduced, and relation with the daily contact with elderly(DCE) is analyzed. The research question are as follows: 1) Are these two attitudes explained by different factors? 2) Can DCE alleviate both children's implicit and explicit ageist attitude? 3) How do the contact with grandparent and neighboring elderly affect the children's explicit and implicit ageist attitude? Data was collected from 503 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children. Child-Age Implict Association Test is used to measure implicit ageist attitude. Multinominal logistic analysis and ordered logistic analysis was applied. Followings are the main results: First, explicit and implicit ageist attitudes are found to be related with different predictors. Second, Elderly contact seems to lighten children's ageist attitude overall. Third, the effects of grandparental contact and the neighboring elderly contact on two different ageism were different. While the effect of elderly neighbor contact is limited to the expression of ageism, grandparental contact has a influence not only on the explicit but also on the implicit ageism, even though the effect on implicit attitude is limited in extent. Forth, not the quality of contact but the quantity of it was related to implicit ageist attitude. This result contradicts conventional idea of Intergroup Contact Theory. In the further research, the predictor of implicit ageist attitude need to be throughly examined.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.99-109
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• 2018

Objective : Health literacy (HL) is, defined as "the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions." Being old is one of the main risk factors with limited health literacy. This study aims to adapt Chew's health literacy scale into the Korean language and validate the scale for the use of the elderly. Methods : Data were drawn from the '2016 Seoul Survey on Elderly Health and Functional Assessment, which includes a total of 725 people aged 60 to 79. The sample was randomly divided into two groups for reliability and validity tests of the modified Chew's scale of 8 items. The Korean version of the questionnaire was developed by group translation, expert reviews, and forward-backward translation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess and validate the factor structure of the scale. Results : Results suggest the two-factor structure ("Understanding" and "Applying" of HL) with 8 items. Exploratory factor analyses of the first sample (n=400) revealed that the internal reliability of the scale was high (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.904$). Principal axis factoring extracted two factors ("Understanding" and "Applying" of HL) and explained 78.3% of total variance (KMO=.872, Bartlett's ${\chi}^2=2431.3$, df=28, p<.001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the second sample (n=325) was performed and the two-factor model was supported (GFI=.960, CFI=.979, TLI=.969, RMSEA=0.075). Conclusions : This study provides evidence for adequate criterion and validity of the health literacy scale for the community dwelling elderly in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.114
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• pp.305-335
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• 2016

In the eighteenth century, the scottish philosophers Francis Hutcheson, David Hume and Adam Smith share the idea that morality comes from moral sense, which is a feeling of approval or disapproval of agent's motive and action. However, they have the different views in explaining the mechanism that generates the moral sentiments. Hutcheson takes a moral sense to be a unique mental faculty that is innate to all humans, and regards it as being guaranteed by supernatural apparatus like divine Providence. Hume and Smith reject Hutcheson's concept of internal moral sense and take a stage further Hutcheson's projects of internalisation by naturalizing morality in terms of the principle of sympathy. It is widely held that Hume's moral sentimentalism is essentially similar to Adam Smith's. Though there are important points of contact between Smith's account of sympathy and Hume's, the differences are considerable. The chief of them lies in the fact that Hume grounds our approval of virtue on our recognition of its utility and convention, and Smith does not. Smith grounds our approval of virtue on the impartial spectator's judgment, i.e., conscience. Hence for Smith, the impartial spectator is the one that bridges the gap between particularity and universality and works the vehicle of practical reason. Given this, in this paper, first, I will clarify the difference between Hume's and Adam Smith's understandings of sympathy. Second, I will elucidate how they explain the process to produce the moral sentiments based on their understandings of sympathy. I shall finally explicate in what way Hume's and Smith's theories on sympathy work as moral normativity.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.43
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• pp.327-354
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• 2016

Rimbaud's prose poem, Barbare in Illuminations, is known for its abstruseness with regard to forms, themes, metaphors. This paper first analyzes the poem's grammatical structure to make sense of such an inscrutable piece of work, then discusses its autotextuality in order to decipher its meaning by comparison with Rimbaud's other works. Autotextuality, a method of literary interpretation of Rimbaud's prose poem presented by Steve Murphy, refers to the intertextuality between the author's works. Despite some previous researches focusing on the intertextuality of Barbare, previous authors have failed not only to find its meaning but also to determine its significance. The abstruseness of Rimbaud's Barbare is sometimes considered an example of the meaningless of Rimbaud's work. However, examining the textual structure and the autotextuality builds meaning, rather than rendering the work meaningless. Barbare which consists entirely of noun phrases and metaphors means destruction, fusion and the pure power of regeneration in the original context of Rimbaud's work. This poem is Rimbaud's answer to Baudelaire's poetic question, Any of where out of World, and presents a strange scenery that uses 'the eternal female voice' to reach the Vulcan in the North Pole. Interpretation of Barbare could provide a methodology for reading the difficult Illuminations. The kind of analyses used are, for example, analysis of the text, analysis of verbal indicators, autotextuality, and an understanding of the joy and the solitude in the silence of the poem. Understanding Barbare may provide a method of interpreting the abstruseness of Illuminations. Through this approach, we can connect and combine every fragment of the Illuminations, so that we can reconstruct the story and the adventure contained therein.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.672-681
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• 2018

This study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale-Short Form (ProQOL-K-SF). Survey data were collected from 191 staff involved in long-term care insurance who worked for National Health Insurance Services. Construct validity using exploratory factor analysis and the internal consistency reliability were determined using SPSS/WIN (21.0). Factor analysis of the ProQOL-K-SF demonstrated that it has a two-factor structure (compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigues) and 13 items that support construct validity. Factor loadings of the compassion satisfaction ranged from 0.70-0.86, factor loading of the compassion fatigues ranged from 0.71-0.82 and the total variance was 60%. The ProQOL-K showed interanal consistency based on Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, with a total scale and two sub scale values of 0.76-0.90. Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction of 30 items of the ProQOL-K were positively correlated with those of 13 items of the ProQOL-K-SF. The results support that the ProQOL-K has satisfactory construct validity and is a reliable measure of professional quality of life in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.207-215
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify key success factors of the Agricultural Cooperative Federation. We classified the divisions of regional agricultural cooperatives into high performers and low performers to investigate differences in environmental stability, resource capacity, resource flexibility, differentiation strategy, and low-cost strategies between high and low performers. Empirical analyses revealed that high performers are superior to low performers in resource capacity, resource flexibility, differentiation, and low-cost, but there was no difference in environmental stability between high performers and low performers. Internal factors including resource and strategy attributes affect business performance, but external factors such as environmental attributes do not. Moreover, resource flexibility generates the broadest gap between high performers and low performers. These results indicate that resource flexibility is the key factor leading to success of organizations with greater competitors because it enables them to overcome their disadvantageous competitive position in size and resources through complete exploitation of resources across divergent business areas owing to its flexibility. Our contribution is that we draw the key success factors of the Agricultural Cooperative Federation through an empirical approach.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.323-331
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the emotional and stress factors of the stroke victims living in the community and to investigate the effect of these factors on the level of social participation. Data collection collected data on the level of emotional awareness, stress, and social participation in welfare centers, public health centers, and stroke disabled people using community services. The level of social participation according to general characteristics was analyzed by descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. Emotional factors, stress factors, and social participation levels were analyzed by pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. As a result, there were no statistically significant factors in the sub-domains of emotional factors that affect social participation performance and satisfaction. In the sub-areas of stress factors, personal internal stress and interpersonal stress were statistically significant variables. The explanatory power showed social participation accomplishment was 34% and satisfaction was 33%. Therefore, various approaches should be made considering stressful factors to achieve rehabilitation into the local community, and additional research is needed to identify psychosocial variables that affect social participation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the K-CPQ in 299 children with developmental disorder and non-disabled children to prove their level of participation in Korean children with developmental disabilities. In order to verify the reliability of the K-CPQ, Cronbach ${\alpha}$ was calculated and Pearson correlation analysis was used for test-retest reliability test. As a result, the internal consistency(${\alpha}=.81{\sim}.90$) in each area of K-CPQ was relatively high and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r=.807~.843) in the test-retest reliability test was significant in all areas(p<.01). It showed statistically significant difference in all areas(t=2.32~5.18) in comparison with the non-disabled children group in order to verify the discriminant validity of K-CPQ. For the criterion-related validity of the K-CPQ, Pearson correlation analysis of K-SMS and K-SFA shows statistically significant static correlation(r=.817, r=743) showed(p<.01). Through this study, K-CPQ has been confirmed as a reliable and reasonable assessment tool and we expect that diverse research by K-CPQ will provide appropriate interventions for children with disabilities.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.36-49
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Life Balance Inventory (K-LBI) and to present the relationship between life balance and sensory processing. Methods : K-LBI was constructed through forward and backward translation. Convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were tested for college students. To verify convergent validity, correlation analyses between K-LBI and Korean version of Perceived Stress Scale, Korean version of Satisfaction With Life Scale, and Adult Self Report-Achenbach system of empirically based assessment were performed. Split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were also obtained for reliability verification. We performed the correlation analysis between K-LBI and Korean version of Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile. Results : A significant correlation was found between K-LBI and the scales for convergent validity. A favorable split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were calculated. The positive correlations were found between relationship life balance and sensory sensitivity/sensation avoiding quadrants. The negative correlation was found between challenges life balance and low registration. Conclusion : This study shows that K-LBI is a valid and reliable tool in Korea. It also provides an in-depth understanding of the relationship between life balance and sensory processing.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

In this study, the evaluation to probability of failure for risk assessment of port structures on DCM reinforced soils, where stability and risk assessment are increasing in importance, was performed. As a random variables affecting the risk of DCM improved ground, the design strength, superposition (overlap) of construction, strength of the natural ground, internal friction angle and unit weight of the modified ground were selected and applied to the risk assessment. In addition, the failure probability for the entire system under ordinary conditions and under earthquake conditions were analyzed. As a result, it was found that the highest coefficient of variation in the random variable for the risk assessment of the DCM improved ground is the design strength, but this does not have a great influence on the safety factor, ie, the risk of the system. The main risk factor for the failure probability of the system for the DCM reinforced soils was evaluated as horizontal sliding in case of external stability and compression failure in case of internal stability both at ordinary condition and earthquake condition. In addition, the failure probability for ordinary horizontal sliding is higher than that for earthquake failure, and the failure probability for ordinary compression failure is lower than that for earthquake failure. The ordinary failure probability of the entire system is similar to the failure probability on earthquake condition, but in this case, the risk of earthquake is somewhat higher.