• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.3 s.151
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• pp.436-446
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the influences of men's and women's sex role identities and sex role discrepancies on their appearance satisfaction and self esteem. Congruency theory, androgyny theory, masculinity theory and self discrepancy theory were used to explore the influence of sex roles on appearance satisfaction and self esteem. Theories suggest that the influence would be different by gender. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 125 men and 197 women aged between 20 and 40 years living in the Seoul metropolitan area. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. For men, both appearance satisfaction and self esteem were influenced only by their perceived masculinity. For women, however, perceived femininity, femininity discrepancy and masculinity discrepancy had an influence on appearance satisfaction. All the four sex role variables had an influence on women's self esteem. BMI had a negative effect on self esteem for women, but no effect for men. According to the results, unlike men, whose appearance satisfaction and self esteem are only determined by how masculine they are, the women's levels of appearance satisfaction and self esteem are influenced not only by how feminine they are, but also by how masculine and feminine they want to be. The results of this study have implications for body image counselors or practitioners who try to help young women increase their self esteem and satisfaction to their appearance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.620-631
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• 2019

Be an important competitive appearance for both boys and girls in modern society, and highlight the importance of enhancing their appearance. Administrative activity is considered traditionally feminine behavior and appearance, almost all female is subject of a consumer market is continuing, and recognition, but since the 1990s.Gender role stereotypes and women's social activity due to changes in status and role of men and women affected. Accordingly, the men in the realm of women than it used to be a glass half full and inclusive attitude began to improve her appearance are also men, and well in yourself. Investing a lot of time and money to their appearance to describe behavior. Furthermore, workers men to appearance factor for the career achievement, such as promotion or salary competitiveness is gradually spreading awareness of social life on whose behalf the men. The halo effect for a positive image formation and desirable looks to be. A Study on the self-wor Second, the higher the self-esteem of psychologically stable social approval of the important aesthetic of clothing, is less dependent on increased manageability and clothing. The study by analysis of the self respect persimmon and appearance for his own body satisfaction and a high correlation study and OK. Interpersonal and that a significant impact on the formation.Be an important competitive appearance for both boys and girls in modern society, and highlight the importance of enhancing their appearance. Administrative activity is considered traditionally feminine behavior and appearance, almost all female is subject of a consumer market is continuing, and recognition, but since the 1990s.Gender role stereotypes and women's social activity due to changes in status and role of men and women affected. Accordingly, the men in the realm of women than it used to be a glass half full and inclusive attitude began to improve her appearance are also men, and well in yourself. Investing a lot of time and money to their appearance to describe behavior. Furthermore, workers men to appearance factor for the career achievement, such as promotion or salary competitiveness is gradually spreading awareness of social life on whose behalf the men. The halo effect for a positive image formation and desirable looks to be. A Study on the self-wor Second, the higher the self-esteem of psychologically stable social approval of the important aesthetic of clothing, is less dependent on increased manageability and clothing. The study by analysis of the self respect persimmon and appearance for his own body satisfaction and a high correlation study and OK. Interpersonal and that a significant impact on the formation.

• The Safety technology
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• no.110
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• pp.74-75
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• 2007

사람의 외모를 나타내는 요소 중 하나인 모발은 그 사람의 새로운 이미지를 연출하기도 하고, 자신만의 개성과 자신감이 창출하기도 한다. 이런 측면에서 대머리 남성들은 대머리가 아닌 남성들에 비해 자신의 외모에 대한 자신감이 많이 결여되어 있을 뿐 아니라 심리적 측면에서도 심각한 영향을 준다. 탈모가 이들 남성에게 심각한 스트레스를 주는 이유는 머리숱이 적은 대머리 남성이 호감을 덜 주며, 10년은 더 늙어 보이기 때문이라고 한다. 모발은 사람의 첫인상을 결정짓는 중요한 요소라 보면 탈모증 환자들은 탈모로 인하여 자신의 신체상:Body Image)에 부정적이거나 만족하지 못하게 된다. 탈모 경험이 없는 사람들은 절대로 알지 못하는 그들만의 고민을 경희대병원에서 탈모환자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 벌였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6484-6491
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• 2014

The human's basic desire for aesthetics, which has existed along with human history, has been more individualized and diversified according to the progress of modern economic social change. In the case of men, who have a relatively higher connection and experience of mass media compared to women, there is a characteristic to apply and utilize information acquisition and share appearance management quickly on the media. This paper classified and arranged the image and characteristics of the modern male image analyzed the relationship between men's appearance management and information exploration. In addition, exploration relation per information medium was considered by dividing the men's appearance management behavior and characteristics into make-up, hair management, skin care, hands and feet care, and plastic surgery. This appears to be useful for the industrial group, e.g. beauty treatment, cosmetics, hospital, etc. as advertisement marketing information.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2016

Recently, the cosmetics industry considers male customers as a consumptive, active customer base who also have purchasing power with their stronger desire for their personal image enhancement. Male-preferred image brands have entered the era of unlimited competition through social media, thus increasing the acquisition of male beauty. Therefore, the information for designing favorable image strategies should be examined. This paper examines male awareness, determined by the degree of appearance management based on four categories (i.e., hair and skin care, makeup, foot and hand care, and plastic surgery). Based on the research, the paper proposes a data service to address the spatial and temporal separation problem between TV CF (the major media for recognizing information) and online $caf{\acute{e}}$/blog the major media for obtaining detailed information.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

This study investigated differences in perception by 240 males in their teens, 20s, 30s, and 40s residing in Seoul, Incheon, and Gwangju about seven items for male makeup, and analyzed makeup items preferred by men, perception about male makeup users, and relationship between success and appearance, thereby providing basic materials to activate the beauty market for males and developing goods for male users. The result was that most males thought the influence of their appearance on their social success was great and in particular, 23.3% of respondents thought that their appearance affected their success by 50% or higher percentage. The items most preferred by the respondents were concealers, color lotions, and BB creams; 60.8% considered them positive. This showed that basic color cosmetics had already been established as one of the essential goods for men. In contrast, the respondents had slightly negative perception about items like mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows. Overall, those who were young, unmarried, and city dwellers had positive perception about such cosmetics by and large. The above data will be able to be used to develop various makeup goods for male consumers oriented toward success and implement diverse marketing strategies, thereby activating the beauty market for males.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.569-578
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• 2015

With much changes in men's appearance style to pursue, beauty care activities, and pursuing value, it has been required to have researches on it. This study analyzed men's acceptance of information about beauty care and also the characteristics of each pursuing value. An online survey was conducted targeting about 500 male office workers in Seoul. In the results of the study, the pursuit of the practical value of five beauty care activities was the highest while the aesthetic value was very differently shown in accordance with the types of beauty care activities, compared to two other values. Contrary to other styles, especially, the acceptance of the skin care style was influenced by the sociocultural value, practical value, and aesthetic value. Especially, the passivity of the aesthetic value and the emphasis on the practical and sociocultural values were shown. The hair care was influenced by the practical value while the plastic surgery was influenced by the aesthetic value. In the care style area, the acceptance of skin care was only influenced by the pursuit of complex values. Regarding the marketing of each care style, the large-scale marketing campaign would be effective for the hair care while it would be necessary to seek for more aesthetic campaigns for the plastic surgery business.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.682-691
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• 1994

본 연구는 미국 CBS 뉴스에서 수십한 자료를 사용하여 라이프스타일이 남녀 의복행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 의복과 관련된 4가지 라이프스타일이 (레크레이션, 경제적, 편의적, 외모에 신경을 쓰는) 자료에 입각하여 고안되었다. 인구통계학적 변인과 라이프스타일과의 관계분석에 따르면, 여성이 남성보다 레크레이션, 편의적, 외모에 신경을 쓰는 라이프스타일을 갖는 경향이 높았다. 또한, 젊은층은 레크레이션, 경제적, 외모에 신경을 쓰는 라이프스타일을, 반면 저소득층은 경제적 라이프스타일을 갖는 경향이 있었다. 유행 인지도와 의복비 지출의 남녀 차이 분석층과, 유행인지도에서 여성이 남성보다 높았으나, 의복비 지출에 있어서는 남녀 차이가 없었다. 레크레이션 라이프스타일을 가진 남녀 모두 유행을 더 많이 인지하고 있었으며, 경제적 라이프스타일을 가진 여성이 의복비 지출이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2003

본 연구는 남성에 대한 인식이 변화하고 외모에 대한 남성들의 관심이 증가되고 있는 사회적 상황에서 사회적 배경에 따라 남성의 메이크업문화가 형성되어온 과정을 고찰하고 사회의 의식, 가치, 이념을 반영하면서 새로운 것을 창조하는 사회 문화적 기능을 수행한다고 할 수 있는 남성화장품 광고를 중심으로 가치관과 사회적 의미의 변화를 고찰, 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 남성의 메이크업문화를 분석하기 위해 질적인 연구방법인 문헌고찰을 통해 시대적 배경을 고찰하였으며 화장품광고 텍스트를 분석하는데는 내용분석과 기호학적 분석을 실시함으로써 결과를 객관화 하고자 하였다.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.923-931
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the type of masculinity on appearance-oriented and appearance management behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 201 males 20s to 50s living in Daegu. The SPSS 20.0 package was utilized for data analysis which included frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, regression analysis, t-test and logistic regression. First, factor analysis in a appearance management behavior and the type of masculinity, were cluster analysis in appearance-oriented. Were used to analyze the problem of the study by classified five factors and two groups. The results of this study were as follows: First, the masculinity of Retro sexual, Metro sexual, Techno sexual showed a negative influence on appearance-oriented. Second, the masculinity had a influence on appearance management behavior. M-ness showed a negative influence on skin care, Metro sexual showed a positive influence on skin care, hair/fashion, cosmetics, plastic surgery. And Retro sexual showed a influence on skin care, positive influence on hair/fashion, cosmetics. Techno sexual showed a positive influence on body management, skin care, hair/fashion. Uber sexual showed a positive influence on body management, cosmetics of appearance management. Third, the appearance-oriented had a differences on body management, hair/fashion, cosmetics, plastic surgery of appearance management behavior.