• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.4 s.84
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• pp.522-528
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• 2007

In the present investigation, we studied the modulating effects of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) on the methylation status of promoter regions of cell cycle regulator, p16, in human breast cancer T-47D cells. We demonstrated that treatment of T-47D cells with caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, or EGCG partially inhibited the methylation status of the promoter regions of p16 genes determined by methylation-specific PCR. In contrast, unmethylated p16 genes were increased with the treatment of T-47D cells with $20{\mu}M$ of caffeic acid or chlorogenic acid for 6 days. Treatment of T-47D cells with 5, 20 or $50{\mu}M$ of EGCG increased the unmethylation status of p16 gene up to 100%, and the methylation-specific bands of this gene were decreased up to 50% in a concentration-dependent manner. The finding of present study demonstrated that coffee polyphenols and EGCG have strong inhibitory effects of the cellular DNA methylation process through increased formation of S-adenosyl-homocysteine(SAH) during the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)- mediated O-methylation of these dietary chemicals or an direct inhibition of the DNA methyltransferases. In conclusion, various dietary polyphenols could reverse the methylation status of p16 gene in human breast T-47D cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1092-1098
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• 2012

This study was carried out to discover the skin wrinkle reducing components in the seeds of Arctium lappa. The isolation of a methylene chloride-soluble fraction of 70% ethanol extract from the seeds of Arctium lappa using a procollagen type-1 synthesis and MMP-1 activity resulted in the isolation and identification of four lignin compounds: arctiin, arctigenin, matairesinol, and diarctigenin. All structures were confirmed via NMR and MS spectroscopic data. To determine cell viability and procollagen type-1 synthesis, human dermal fibroblasts were treated with 10-100 ${\mu}M$. As a result, none of the four compounds showed cytotoxicity up to 50 ${\mu}M$. We also investigated their procollagen type-1 synthesis and MMP-1 inhibition activity and found that arctiin had the highest activity in terms of both procollagen synthesis and MMP-1 inhibition among all four compounds. Putting all the data together, we suggest that arctiin be used in cosmetics as an anti-wrinkle material.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

The prostate cancer is the critical health problem, increasing of its related death in worldwide. Unfortunately present surgery and chemotherapeutic choices seem to be impossible in curing or controlling prostate cancer, because metastasis occasionally advances even after these potentially curative therapies. Therefore, there is immediate need to alternative chemoprevention and chemotherapeutic agents. Over one hundred species of dried medicinal herbs were tested for proliferation inhibitory effects on prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. One of them, Anthriscus sylvestris was selected because of potent anti-proliferation effect. The dried root of A. sylvestris was extracted with 100% methanol for 2-3 days and its extract was fractionated by using ethyl acetate. And ethyl acetate layer was subjected to column chromatographies on silica gel, reverse phase-18 (RP-18) and Sephadex LH-20, in turn. Finally, the pure compound was obtained by crystallization in methanol at $4^{\circ}C$ for overnight and identified as deoxypodophyllotoxin by NMR spedorscopic and physico-chemical analyses. In addition, it was confirmed that deoxypodophyllotoxin clearly inhibits the proliferation of PC-3 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2003

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of morphology, reproductive cycle, incubation time and activation of oocytes in vitro maturation of cats oocytes and development of IVM/IVF embryos. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The fertilization and developmental rate of fresh and salts-stored oocytes with and whithout cumulus cells were 65.7%, 17.1% and 28.6%, 8.6% and 57.1%, 13.3%, 23.3%, 3.3%, respectively. The rate of oocytes with cumulus cells(13.3%∼65.7%) was higher than that of denuded oocytes(3.3%∼28.6%). 2. The fertilization and developmental rate of oocytes recovered from ovaries collected at different stages of the reproductive cycle were 68.9%, 44.4%, 48.9% and 17.8%, 8.9%, 12.8%, respectively. 3. The fertilization and developmental rate of oocytes in vitro cultured at different time of incubation(24, 36 and 48 h) were 66.7%, 46.7%, 48.9% and 17.8%, 11.1%, 8.5%, respectively. respectively. The rate of oocytes incubated 24 h(66.7%) was higher than that oocytes incubated 36 and 48 h(46.7%∼48.9%). 4. The fertilization and developmental rate of oocytes treated activation and non-activation oocytes were 57.4%, 31.4% and 22.9%, 11.4%, respectively. The rate of oocytes treated activation was higher than that oocyte treat non-activation.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.79-100
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• 2015

In spite of the various government policies to increase the jobs and to improve the employment environment, the unemployment rate has not reduced. The aims of this study are to analyze the structural mismatch(especially geographical mismatch) between job opening and job seeking, and thus to comprehend more deeply the factors affecting unemployment rates of economic regions in Korea. For the period of 2008~2013, the unemployment rates caused by geographical mismatches between job opening and job seeking have been increased steadily. For Chungcheong, Dongnam and Honam economic region, geographical mismatches of low-educated and low-skilled jobs showed relatively quite high, indicating that the job seeker have a strong tendency of preferring certain areas in looking for their jobs. It means that the job seeker can get a job only to move the other areas within an economic region. However, for Capital region, which is the largest job seekers in Korea, geographical mismatches in all types of jobs showed very quite low. So, it is very difficult for the job seeker to escape from unemployment when changing the other areas in looking for a job in Capital region. The results of this study gives an important implication that a nationwide uniform unemployment policy may not be effective to reduce unemployment conditions, and a differentiated unemployment policy should be established in considering the characteristics of geographic mismatches by the types of job in terms of the level of education and skill for each economic region.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.335-360
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• 2006

The distribution on 88 taxa of wild orchids in the Korean Peninsula was investigated by the examinations of specimens and the distribution maps were presented. The species numbers distributed at each eight floral regions in the Korean Peninsula are as the followings; Gapsan Province 27 taxa, Gwanbuk 21, Gwanseo 13, Middle 37, South 39, Southern-coast 33, Jeju 64 and Ulleung 19. Most species (72.7%) of Korean wild orchids are found in the Jeju Island. Eighteen taxa of them are restricted to the island in the Korean Peninsula. Among Korean species, 30 taxa grow at evergreen broad-leaved forests, and 16 are northern elements distributed at high mountains or northern part. In terms of distribution, the Korean wild orchid species are classified into IUCN Red List Categories by a modified criterion for Korean plants. No orchid species included EX or EW categories is found in the Korean Peninsula. Ten species are designated to be in CR category; Cymbidium kanran, C. lancifolium, C. ensifolium, Cypripedium japonicum, Cyrtosia septentrionalis, Dendrobium moniliforme, Habenaria chejuensis, H. radiata, Neofinetia falcata and Sedirea japonica, of which C. ensifolium and H. chejuensis are regarded as CR species for the first time. On the other hand, 22 taxa are classified into EN category, and the following nine taxa are newly proposed to be EN species; Gastrochilus japonicum, G. fuscopunctatus, Gastrodia verrucosa, Habenaria flagellifera, Herminium lanceum var. longicrure, Chamaegastrodia sikokiana, Lecanorchis kiusiana, Neottia hypocastanoptica and Tipularia japonica.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2012

In July and August 2011, a disease suspected to be Rhizopus soft rot was observed on peach (Prunus persica var. vulgaris) at the Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products, Jinju, Korea. The first symptom of soft rot on peach is a water-soaked appearance of the affected tissue. The infected parts later disintegrated into a mushy mass of disorganized cells followed by rapid softening of the diseased tissue. The lesion on peach was rapidly softened and rotted, then became brown or dark brown. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the causal fungus on PDA was $30^{\circ}C$and growth was still apparent at $37^{\circ}C$Sporangiophores were 6~20 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Sporangia were globose and 35~200 ${\mu}m$ in size. The color of sporangia was brownish-grey to blackish-grey at maturity. Sporangiospores were sub-globose, brownish- black streaked and 5~10 ${\mu}m$ in size. Columella were globose to sub-globose and 85~120 ${\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and molecular identification, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prinsen Geerligs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soft rot caused by R. oryzae on peach in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2007

Root and basal stem rot disease occurred on moth orchid (Phalaenopsis spp.), Pung-nan (Neofinetia falcata) and Nadopung-nan (Aerides japonicum) grown in the farmers' greenhouses located in Namyangju Kyonggi province, Korea during 2005 to 2006. Wilting symptoms occurred on these orchard plants at initial stage and the infected plant leaves turned yellow to red. The discolored leaves were fallen down to lead to eventual death of the entire plant. A total of 59 isolates of Fusarium spp. was obtained from roots and leaf bases of the diseased plants. The cultural and morphological characteristics of isolated Fusairum spp. were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani. F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum were isolated from all these orchard plants but F. solani was isolated only from Phalaenopsis spp. Pathogenicity of the three Fusarium spp. was confirmed by artificial inoculation. Although F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani cusing root rot disease in Phalaenopsis spp. have been reported in Korea, the pathogens in N. falcata and A. japonicum were not reported yet. Therefore, this is the first report on the root and stem rot of N. falcata and A. japonicum caused by F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 1998

The Okmyong Waste Landfill which is one of major industrial waste landfills in Korea has been used for 10 years since January, 1988. The groundwater in range of 2∼3 km from the landfill is a little acidic and has high concentrations of EC, NO$_3$, and SO$_4$ because of acidic rain in Pohang. The groundwater pattern in Piper's trilinear diagram belongs to Ca-SO$_4$and Na-SO$_4$types, but Ca-SO$_4$type is more predominant. The groundwater of five monitoring wells at the landfill area is a litle alkaline and has high concentrations of TS, COD, Na, Cl, SO$_4$, Alkalinity and F because of the effect of the leachates. They also have high heavy metals of Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni but toxic organic compounds are not detected. Their groundwater pattern is Na-SO$_4$type and distinguished from the groundwater pattern Na-Cl types of the Nanjido and the Seokdae Municipal Waste Landfills. The range of groundwater contamination which is validated up to now is about 120m west from the entrance of the Okmyong Waste Landfill. To prevent the dispersion of the leachates to the outside, cutoff walls should be constructed at the boundary of the landfill. Several pumping wells should also be developed at the landfill so that the contaminated groundwater can be pumped and treated at a leachate-treatment plant in the landfill.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 1987

In the hemolymph proteins of the silkworm reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet, electrophoretic patterns of Storege Protein 1 (SP1) and Vitellogenin(VG), changes of relative concentration of SP1, JHA effects during the developmental stages, and estimation of the molecular weight of vitellin subunits were investigated in the present study. 1. Storage Protein 1 (SP1) showed female specificity from the middle stage of the fifth instar to the end of spinning stage in the silkworm reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet. 2. Vitellogenin (VG) showed female specififcity just afrter pupation in the silkworm reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet. 3. Storage Protein 2 (SP2) without female specificity was detected from the early stage of the fifth instar to the first or second day after pupation. 4. Vitellin was composed of two non-identical subunits (vitellin-heavy chain ; VTL-H, vitellinlight chain ; VTL-L) with mplecular weight of 186,000 and 41,000. Also, there were no differenes between the molecular weights of vitellin subunits obtained from silkworms reared with mulberry leaves and artificial diet. 5. Relative concentration of Storage Protein 1 (SP1) after topical application - 0.5, and 10$\mu\textrm{g}$ per body weight - JHA on the 60th hour of the fifth instar showed the highest increase with the treatment of 5$\mu\textrm{g}$ and a higher increase with the treatment of 10$\mu\textrm{g}$ compared with the control (no topical application of JHA).