• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2017

In contemporary philosophy, the thinking subject became the dis-constructed subject and there was not left any one center in thinking. On the contrary of this trend, the philosopher Levinas stresses 'an ethics of Otherness' that requires the subject to be responsible for the Other. For Levinas, the Other is not knowable and cannot be made into an object of the self. For Levinas, the irreducible relation, the epiphany, of the face-to-face, the encounter with another, is a privileged phenomenon in which the other person's proximity and distance are both strongly felt. The face of the Other comes toward me with its infinite moral demands while emerging out of the trace. In the movie , when Sachie encounters them, she greets them. She provides them with food and shelter to protect from the dangers of elements. With the help of Sachia, the restaurant becomes a peaceful communal place for her and the Other.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1990

This study was to investigate the user's effects on the avifauna in Sokri Mountain National Park. The survey was carried over 4 districts which were divided with main trail(valley, ridge), subtrail(ridge), un-used trail (valley) by line transect method from December 1989 to October 1990. The observed birds were 36 species and 570 individuals, these consist of 23 species for residents. 7 species for summer visitor. 2 species for winter visitor, 4 species for passage migrant. The average density of birds was 2.35 ea/ha., and main dominant species were Parus major minor, Porus palustris hellmayri, Parus varius varius and Sitta europaea amurensis in order. The observed frequency of wild birds was 3.4 times/km in average. No. of species, species diversity and observed frequency of summer and autumn were lower than winter and spring in 4 survey routes. Therefore, from now, in Sokri Mountain National Park manegement, the enjoyment oriented activities will be regulated and control of trail use on main trail are necessary during breeding periods of wild birds protection, especially in summer.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.487-497
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• 2003

Some literatures for the avifauna of Baekdudaegan from Jirisan to Deokusan were reviewed. A total of 136 species belong to 45 families, 15 orders was listed. Of which, 132 species were recorded in Jirisan National Park, 63 species were in Hamyang area,46 species were Jangsu area, and 63 species were in Deokyusan National Park. Status of migrants of these birds were classified as follows: 42 species of residents,40 species of summer visitors,31 species of winter visitors, and 23 species of passage migrants. Legal protected birds were listed 23 species including 15 protected species and 14 natural monument species. Of them, only three species, Accipiter soloensis, A. nisus, Falco tinnunculus were widely distributed. And the others, Aix gatericuzata, Perms apivorus, Accipiter gentilis, A. gularis, Buteo logopus, B. buteo, Circus cyaneus, Falco columbarius, Grus vipio, Bubo bubo, Asio otus, Otus scops,0. bakkamoenu, Ninox scutuznta, Strix aluco, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos nanus , Pitta brachyura, Galerida cristnta, Terpsiphone atyocauduta were showed restricted distribution. Therefore, it is considered that careful consideration should be given to these conservation measures.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate bird community and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect bird community in Sobaeksan National Park. The survey was carried over 3 main trail districts by line transect method to figure out influence factor of inhabitation of wild birds from February to October in 1992. The study results as follows: The observed birds were belong to 9 orders l2 families 58 species, they also have Sparrow Hawk dccipiter nisus, Kestrel Faleo tinnunculus(natural monument no. 323). Scops Owl I'otus scops(natural monument no. :324), Black Woodpecker Dryoaepus martius(natural monument no. 242. R). White-backed Woodpecker Dendroaepos leuotes(R) and Gray-backed Thrush Turdus hortulorum(R). These birds a]so classified into 31 species for residents. 17 species for summer visitor, 6 species for winter visitor. 4 species for passage migrant, respectively. Species richness was 38 species at spry, 33 species at summer. 26 species at autumn and 22 species at winter. The density was 3.00 ea /ha at spring, 2.37 ea /ha at summer, 3.62 ea /ha at autumn and 2.88 ea /ha at winter. Breeding bird community in Sobaeksan National Park was dominated by Hole, Bush-nesting guild and Canopy-foraging guild. Natural vegetation of 900m altitude in 1st section and the grassy plain in 2nd section are to be protected absolutely for the habituation of wild birds. Species richness in 3rd section was higher than any other section owe to a various habitat such as valley. open lands, orchid, farm land and forest etc. Food plants and broad-leaved forest is to be managed for the provision of opulent food resources in autumn and winter, user is to be managed for the successful propagation of wild birds in spring and autumn.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.10-19
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the avifauna of Gap stream in Daejeon metropolitan city from September in 2001 to August in 2002. For the monthly change of bird community, survey was carried at study area per each month, the obtained results could be summarized as follows. 1. The observed birds were 12 orders 31 families 83 species and 15900 individuals, 38 species are water bird as Herons, Dabbling ducks, Diving ducks, Rails, Sandpipers & Plovers and 45 species are land bird as Raptors, Woodpeckers, Wagtails, Thrushes, Warblers, Tits, Buntings, Crows. 2. These birds could be divided 29 residents, 29 summer visitors, 18 winter visitors, 7 passage migrants. 3. Among the birds, Chinese Sparrowhawk Accipiter soloensis, Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, Kestrel Falco tinnunculus are legally protected species as natural monuments in Korea. 4. The major dominant species were Common Teal Anas crecca, Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha, Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Grey Heron Ardea cinerea, Magpie Pica pica, Little Egret Egretta garzetta in order, Gap stream should be appropriate habitats for dabbling ducks and herons. 5. Among the total number of 83 species, the highest number of species was 37 species in February and the lowest number of species was 27 species in June. 6. Among the total number of 15900 individuals, the highest number of individuals was 2899 individuals in December and the lowest number of individuals was 385 individuals in May. 7. Among the monthly species diversity index, the highest number of species diversity index was 2.6207 in September and the lowest number of species diversity index was 2.0716 in January.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 1987

This study was conducted to investigate avifauna and user's effect on the avifauna in Bukhan Mountain district of Bukhan Mountain National Park. Avifauna were investigated bimonthly from April to October 1987 over four districts which were main trail and sub-trail in each valley and ridge-midslope region by line transect methods. The observed birds in Bukhan Mountain districts was 34 species and 753 individuals and these consist of 19 species for residents. 11 species for summer visitor. 2 species for passage migrant and 2 species for winter visitor. The dominant species were Parus major (22.7%), Paradoxornis webbina(10%), Parus palustris (10.8%), Pica pica (10.0%) in order. No. of species and species diversities was higher in valley region than in ridge-midslope region. No. of species, individuals and species diversities were lower in main trail of high user's density than in sub-trail. Especially avifauna in main trail was severely decreased in August in valley region in which users were concentrated. But there was no change in similarity indices according to user's intensities. Therefore avifauna protection policy such as restoration and rehabilitation of edge species along trail, user's control in valley region during breeding periods, etc., shall be made for Bukhan Mountain National Park.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 1991

This study was conducted to investigate seasonal avifauna and to suggest a proper way how to manage and protect wild birds in Chirisan National Park. The survey was carried over 3 main trail districts by line transect method to figure out influence factor of inhabitation of wild birds from February to November in 1991. The study results are as follows : The observed birds were belong to 6 orders 24 families 49 species and 981 individuals and Falco tinnunculus(Natural monument No. 323). These birds also classified into 24 species for residents, 12 species for summer visitor. 9 species for winter visitor, 4 species for passage migrant, respectively. The observed average frequeney of birds was 2.09e.a./ha, and main dominant species were Parus varius, Parus major, Emberiza elegans, Garrolus glandarius, Sitta europaea, Hypsipetes amaurotis, Parus palustris in order. Cheoneun-sa trail route showed relatively decreasing trend of wild birds during spring and fall season because of the highest trail use of visitors. Maximum frequency of species and individuals appeared at Hwaum-sa route in spring and at Piagol route in fall. respectively. Those regions well explained the advantageous inhabitation area of birds in both regions. The diversity index of birds in winter showed little difference of similarity index due to balanced use of trails. Seasonal low similarity index in those 3 main trail district indicate a dissimilarity of environmental factors. Trail use restriction as a provision of proper management and protection of wild birds have to be made at Hwaum-sa route where propagation of birds actively occurred in spring and at Piagol route where birds wintering were observed will contribute to enhance species diversity in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the user's effects on the avifauna in Chiak Mountain National Park. The survey was carried over 5 districts which were 3 main trail (valley) by line transect method from May to October 1988. The observed birds were 44 species and 613 individuals. these consist of 22 species for residents, 13 species for summer visitor, 5 species for winter visitor and 4 species for passage migrant. The average density of birds was 2.96 ea/ha, and main dominant species were Panus minar, Paradoxomis webbiana fulvicanda, Panus palustris hellmayri and Parus ater amurensis in order. The observed frequency of wild-birds was 6.77 times/km in average. No. of species, species diversities and observed frequency were lower in main trail of high user's density than sub trail and closed trail, especially in summer. But similarity indices were affected by inhabitation environments than user's density. Therefore, from now, in Chiak Mountain National Park management, the enjoyment oriented activities will be regulated and the control of trail use on main trail are necessary during breeding periods for wild birds protection.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.70-80
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• 1989

This study was conducted to investigate the user's effects on the avifauna in Kaya Mountain National Park. The survey was carried over 3 districts which were divided with main trail(valley), subtrail(valley), unused trail(ridge) by line transect method from April to October 1989. The observed birds were 29 species and 527 individuals. these consist of 20 species for residents, 7 species for summer visitor 1 species for winter visitor, 1 species for passage migrant. The average density of birds was 2.44 ea/ha, and main dominant species were Parus major minor, Garrulus gtandarius brandtii, Parus palustris hellmayri, Parus varius and Sitta europaea amurenis in order. The observed frequency of wild birds was 8.42 times/km in average. No. of species, no. of individuals, density, species diversity and observed frequency of summer were lower than spring in 3 survey routes. Therefore, from now, in Kaya Mountain National Park management, the enjoyment oriented activities will be regulated and control of trail use on main trail are necessary during breeding periods for wild birds protection, especially in summer. To investigate the use or not of artificial nests, 35 artificial nests were selected. The results of this survey showed that many wild birds prefered mixed nest in column shaped to wooden nests. The rightful installation and manegement for invitation and increase of wild birds was necessary.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.37
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• pp.429-455
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to generate a substantive theory that accounts for the social readaptation of the women who have engaged in prostitution and propose a practical program for them. We used the grounded theory developed by Strauss and Corbin(1990). Raw data were collected through the in-depth interview, documents and observation. We used constant comparative method for the data analysis. The nine women who had the exprience of prostitution have participated in this study. As a result of the data analysis, in open coding were generated 116 concepts, 29 subcategories and 12 categories, In axial coding the outcomes of a paradigm model were as follows. The causal conditions were named 'hostile environment' and 'the self endowed stigma'. The phenomenon turned out to be 'living as an anonymous being'. The contextual conditions were named 'cohesion of family', 'being pushed' and 'shrinked emotion'. The intervening conditions were presented to be 'desire of self restoration as a social being', 'reactionary reconstruction'. The action/interaction strategies turned out to be 'shifting of social status', 'neighbor alliance'. The consequences were presented to be 'psychological wayfarer' and 'tentacular living'. In selective coding we found a core category, 'repetition of leaving and returning from the life world'. Based on the phenomenon, two types of participants life attitudes were found as follows : present hesitating type, self concealing type. Following the adove results, We finally suggested the need to develope a community oriented case management model.