• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.133-154
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• 2016

Interdisciplinary approach has been recognized as one of key strategies to address various and complex research problems in modern science. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interdisciplinary characteristics and structure of the field of big data. Among the 1,083 journals related to the field of big data, multiple Subject Categories (SC) from the Web of Science were assigned to 420 journals (38.8%) and 239 journals (22.1%) were assigned with the SCs from different fields. These results show that the field of big data indicates the characteristics of interdisciplinarity. In addition, through bibliographic coupling network analysis of top 56 journals, 10 clusters in the network were recognized. Among the 10 clusters, 7 clusters were from computer science field focusing on technical aspects such as storing, processing and analyzing the data. The results of cluster analysis also identified multiple research works of analyzing and utilizing big data in various fields such as science & technology, engineering, communication, law, geography, bio-engineering and etc. Finally, with measuring three types of centrality (betweenness centrality, nearest centrality, triangle betweenness centrality) of journals, computer science journals appeared to have strong impact and subjective relations to other fields in the network.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2020

This study suggests multisensory interaction techniques to help visually impaired people appreciate and understand artworks through non-visual senses such as tactile, auditory, and olfactory senses. A user study was conducted on the basis of a qualitative interview about the experience of appreciating artwork through the multisensory interaction system to visually impaired people so as to verify the development of the interaction techniques. The user test shows that the multisensory interactions in artwork generally not only help them appreciate and understand it but also give them satisfaction through artwork appreciation. However, it also indicates that some multisensory interactions caused the visually impaired people confusion and could not be perceived during the appreciation. On the basis of these outcomes, implications in this study are as follows. This study has contributed to providing specific development guidelines and indicators of non-visual multisensory interactions as a technical alternative to improve accessibility to cultural and artistic activities for the visually impaired. Furthermore, this study is expected to contribute to building a technical background, which can provide comprehensive sensory experiences with not only blind people but also non-blind people such as children and the elderly through universal interaction techniques beyond existing visual-oriented fragmentary experience.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.58
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• pp.215-241
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• 2019

This study approached the military security problem from the viewpoint of social psychology in view of the fact that the military security problem has been focused on the technical field such as cyber security along with the development of defense science and technology. In this background, we examined the causal relationship between variables after extracting variables affecting the security problem of the military through previous research. The significance of the study results is as follows. First, the military culture has a direct and indirect influence on improving the willingness to adhere to security and the security level of military organizations, as well as contributing to the establishment of military values. This indicates that the overall organizational culture of the current military is influencing the security consciousness of the soldiers and the achievement of organizational security, while at the same time showing the need for effort to create the right organizational culture. Second, the values of soldiers had a positive effect on the willingness of the individual to obey the security and the security performance. Values begin with an understanding of organizational culture and indicate that efforts can be made to establish an organizational security posture when the right values are formed. Third, we have improved the completeness of the study by verifying the causal relationship by extracting variables that correspond to the context of the ROK military.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.25-36
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• 2009

The Total Pollutant Load Management System(TPLMS) in the Han River basin is being changed from a voluntary to a mandatory system. Accordingly, this study suggests directions and priorities for research that can support implementation of TPLMS through an objective approach that deploys gap analysis and analytic hierarchy processes (AHP). Gap analysis indicated that TPLMS in Korea is still focused on compliance with regulations, and that implementation of TPLMS is still in its early stage. Improvements are thus needed in flexibility and effectiveness, including introduction of emissions rights trading, and upgrading to a renewable emissions permit system. The AHP study indicated that R&D will need to proceed in parallel in multiple areas to improve systems and resolve scientific uncertainties. Balanced R&D will be needed in both the institutional and technical groups. Subgroup analysis indicated that developing a reasonable process to establish water quality management targets is of the highest priority in the institutional group. In the technical group, higher priority will need to be given to improving model reliability and developing innovative pollution load reduction technologies.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.51-65
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• 2024

This study aims to understand positive changes in balance and gait function and difficulties in the instructor's guidance process through repetitive basic motor skill-based physical activities targeting people with cerebellar ataxia. For this purpose, five adults with cerebellar ataxia were selected as research subjects, and their three instructors participated as research participants. To collect quantitative data, the average and standard deviation were examined through pre-and post-evaluation of the research participants' physical activity classes for 16 weeks. The mean and standard deviation of the collected data were calculated using the Shapiro-Wilk test in the SAS 9.1 statistical program (p<.05). As a qualitative data collection method, the cultural description method of developmental research(DSR) proposed by Spradley(1980) was adopted, and the collected data were analyzed inductively according to the analysis method of Mertens(1990). Through this, 31 concepts, 10 subcategories, and 4 categories were discovered. As a result, the difficulties experienced by the research participants included insufficient guidance environment, dissatisfaction of consumers, difficulty in guidance, and non-cooperation of colleagues. Based on these research results, it was found that institutional, legal, and policy support should be provided not only to public institutions but also to private physical activity institutions that can use vouchers in order to maintain the balance of adults with cerebellar ataxia as well as to guide their physical activities.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.363-384
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• 2008

This study aims at improving Korea's competitiveness in port logistics through marketing strategy with integrating the conceptual approach into the empirical one and combining both the oldest military treatise and the newest evaluating model in social science that was applied by the HFP(hierarchical fuzzy process) model enhanced by the KJ method. The empirical results of this study show Busan in the middle among subject ports. At present, Korea plays a reciprocal role in the port market in East Asia, but in the medium- and long-term, Korea's ports will vie together with most major ports in the East Asian region. A descriptive investigation shows that Korea's developing tasks in port logistics must be considered in the context of the direction for developing port policies, the necessity of expanding port facilities in the capital region, securing the sufficient traffic volume through the establishment of the hinterland linking system and its positive utilization, and reforming the direction for developing the global logistics through increased port competitiveness. In the short- and medium-term, Korea must use the opportunity factor of 'Growth and open door policy of China' as a geoeconomic advantage and to utilize Korea's ports as a gate to Chinese foreign trade. With the rise of China's economy, China also plays a significant role in both port and airport markets. Hence, the linking system between the two must be established to meet the expanding traffic volume, especially in the capital area. Moreover, it is necessary for Korea to secure port logistics through the establishment of the hinterland linking system and its positive utilization. The great accomplishment of this paper is to present strategies to increase Korea's port competitiveness in the rapidly changing environments of world logistics with the focus on both the oldest military strategic treatise and the newest empirical method in social science. In order to reinforce this study, it needs further compensative research because the evaluation structure could be subdivided with more extensive and precise criteria.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.51-117
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• 2019

On 15th November 2017, the coastal city of Pohang, located in the Southeastern part of South Korea was shaken by a magnitude 5.4 earthquake. The earthquake displaced more than 1,700 residents and caused more than $ 300 million dollars of economic loss. It was the second most damaging earthquake in the history of Korea. Soon after the earthquake, a group of scientists raised a possible link between the first Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) project and the earthquake. At the same time, another group of scientists put forward a different hypothesis of the causation of the earthquake claiming that it was caused by the geological movements that were initiated by the Great Tohoku Earthquake in 2011. Since then, there were scientific debates between the two different groups of scientists. The scientific debate on the causation of the earthquake has been concluded temporarily by the Research Investigatory Committee on the Pohang Earthquake in 2019. The research committee concluded that the earthquake was caused by the Pohang EGS system: this means that the earthquake can be defined not as a natural earthquake, but as an artificially triggered earthquake. This article is to examine the Pohang earthquake can be defined as an Anthropocenic event. The newly suggested concept, the Anthropocene is a relatively novel term to classify the earthly strata and their relationship to geological time. The current geological period should be defined by human activities and man-made earthly environment. Although the term is basically related to geological classification, the Anthropocene has been widely debated amongst humanist and social science scholars. The current disastrous situation of our planet also implies with the Anthropocene. This paper is to discuss how to understand anthropogenic events. In particular, the paper pays attention to two different scholarly positions on the Anthropocene: Isabelle Stenger's Gaia theory and Barbara Herrnstein Smith's relativist theory. The former focuses on the earthly inevitable catastrophe of Anthropocene while the latter suggests to situate and contextualise anthropogenic events. On the basis of the theoretical positions, the article is to analyse how the Pohang earthquake can be located and situated.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2008

Water quality standards (WQS) are mandatory to guarantee the human health and protection of aquatic ecosystems, and maintain the condition of suitable water quality. The present WQS for the protection of human health in Korea contain nine substances (As, Cd, $Cr^{6+}$, CN, Pb, Hg, ABS, organophosphorus compounds and PCBs), but it is insufficient to preserve the human and aquatic ecosystem from a variety of chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the substance of WQS for the protection of human health. In this study, we chose the 20 chemicals from 43 chemicals of the project entitled 'Development of Integrated Methodology for Evaluation of Water Environment'. The methodology for calculating water quality criteria was amended from the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)'s equation for deriving ambient water quality criteria for the protection of human health. The factors including fish intake, drinking water intake, and human body weight used in the equation reflected Korean situations. The monitoring values were derived from the water quality monitoring data in Korean four main rivers. The orders of priorities of chemicals were evaluated by human health risk assessment, and the proposed WQS was derived by technical and economic analyses. These results were reflected to expand the WQS for the protection of human health.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.277-312
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• 2018

First-order cybernetics during the 1940s and 1950s aimed for control of an observed system, while second-order cybernetics during the mid-1970s aspired to address the mechanism of an observing system. The former pursues an objective, subjectless, approach to a system, whereas the latter prefers a subjective, personal approach to a system. Second-order observation must be noted since a human observer is a living system that has its unique cognition. Maturana and Varela place the autopoiesis of this biological system at the core of second-order cybernetics. They contend that an autpoietic system maintains, transforms and produces itself. Technoscientific recreation of biological autopoiesis opens up to a new step in cybernetics: what I describe as third-order cybernetics. The formation of technoscientific autopoiesis overlaps with the Fourth Industrial Revolution or what Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee call the Second Machine Age. It leads to a radical shift from human centrism to posthumanity whereby humanity is mechanized, and machinery is biologized. In two versions of the novel Demon Seed, American novelist Dean Koontz explores the significance of technoscientific autopoiesis. The 1973 version dramatizes two kinds of observers: the technophobic human observer and the technology-friendly machine observer Proteus. As the story concludes, the former dominates the latter with the result that an anthropocentric position still works. The 1997 version, however, reveals the victory of the techno-friendly narrator Proteus over the anthropocentric narrator. Losing his narrational position, the technophobic human narrator of the story disappears. In the 1997 version, Proteus becomes the subject of desire in luring divorcee Susan. He longs to flaunt his male egomaniac. His achievement of male identity is a sign of technological autopoiesis characteristic of third-order cybernetics. To display self-producing capabilities integral to the autonomy of machinery, Koontz's novel demonstrates that Proteus manipulates Susan's egg to produce a human-machine mixture. Koontz's demon child, problematically enough, implicates the future of eugenics in an era of technological autopoiesis. Proteus creates a crossbreed of humanity and machinery to engineer a perfect body and mind. He fixes incurable or intractable diseases through genetic modifications. Proteus transfers a vast amount of digital information to his offspring's brain, which enables the demon child to achieve state-of-the-art intelligence. His technological editing of human genes and consciousness leads to digital standardization through unanimous spread of the best qualities of humanity. He gathers distinguished human genes and mental status much like collecting luxury brands. Accordingly, Proteus's child-making project ultimately moves towards technologically-controlled eugenics. Pointedly, it disturbs the classical ideal of liberal humanism celebrating a human being as the master of his or her nature.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.176-181
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• 2012

Persistent accidents related to food safety and expanded international trades have urged the world to be aware of the gravity of the accidents. Accordingly many countries have tried to come up with various laws, regulations, measures, support networks and educational programs for the agenda, particularly focusing on harmonizing food safety technologies among nations and fostering professionals. Also, APEC newly organized Food Safety Cooperation Forum (FSCF) in 2007 to exert multi-dimensional efforts to improve food safety for Asia Pacific nations. Up to now, 35 activities have been promoted since 2007 and additional 20 activities are waiting for their turns for action on the list of APEC project agenda. FSCF has the objective that it helps the stakeholders in food supply chain develop their own competence in that area, thus increase international trade among nations and maintain the globe healthy by applying the highest standards and best practices for the management of food safety ranging from production to consumption. To achieve this strategic objective, APEC subsequently formed Partnership Training Institute Network (PTIN) to build up the multilateral networks of specialists from governmental agencies engaging in food safety management, industries, academia and international organizations in Asia-Pacific region. This attempt made it possible for the world to exchange their scientific and technological information concerning food safety and strengthen related education and training. Today, international cooperation is essential for food safety management. Therefore, we need to participate actively in the activities of APEC FSCF to contribute to improving food safety technologies for the member countries of APEC. We also need to connect the domestic support programs with theirs.