• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1055-1086
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the formation and evolution patterns of a trading zone and to explore the difficulties teachers experience in the trading zone and their perceptions of the experience. Seven teachers involved in the 'STEAM Teacher Community' in a middle school located in the southern part of South Korea participated in this study. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were carried out, and reflective essays were collected for analysis. The results show that teachers successfully formed a trading zone to share their expertise when they developed teaching materials for the convergence of different subject matters. Moreover, such a trading zone evolved in the order of pre-trading zone, trading zone under elite control, trading zone with boundary object, and trading zone of shared mental model. The difficulties teachers experienced in the trading zone were categorized under the difference of culture and opinion across subject matters, the lack of motivation for convergence, the hegemony of convergence and far-fetched factors for convergence, and difficulty of communication due to jargons. Also teachers in this study experienced perceptual changes in the trading zone. The trading zone model drawn from the results of this study bring forth implications for voluntary teachers' learning community activity for the convergence of different subject matters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2011

Recent interests in the quality of urban space have raised awareness on the role and importance of landscape planning. Although laws and guidelines are officially ready to be imposed as for landscape planning, we do not have concrete materials that can be utilized in the course of practices. The aim of this paper in this regard is to disclose the possible difference in awareness on 'visual landscape control elements' among experts engaged with urban space planning. The expert groups are distinguished to three which are for a planning, design and engineering and the survey is made by questionnaires. The results are analyzed through basic technology statistics in SPSS and independent-sample t-test provided. The survey is done by tens of 'control elements' and the result is that specially, group 1 and group 2 in mixed landscape has the most discrepancy in awareness on those elements but relatively, they has less discrepancy in awareness on compare with other groups through all landscape area. In case of artificial landscape and mixed landscape in 'landscape controled area', the result for comparing between G1 and G2 is that there are the most discrepancy in awareness which are 7 control elements. In case of mixed landscape in 'landscape promoted area', there are 4 control elements for discrepancy in awareness between G2 and G3 which is quite different. The control elements which show the most discrepancy in awareness is height, floor space and building to land ratio in order. The shape elements has only discrepancy in awareness for comparing between G1 and G2 of artificial landscape in 'landscape controled area'. In terms of the average evaluation score of the appropriateness of these control elements, G1 seems to appreciate the role of these elements in systematic landscape planning more than the other group does. In other words, relatively low scores are given by G2 as for the overall functionality of visual landscape control elements. The texture, floor space and building of land ratio has low evaluation score for all area and types. It means that it should reverify for appropriateness of performance for landscape planning as visual landscape control elements.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

This study is the text discourse of agenda setting through media policy on the three communities. The materials of subjects are the 71 text discourses that appeared in the columns, the special manuscripts, and the comments on the contemporary topics in 33 media. The subjects focuses on the metaphor, metonymy, and binary transposition. This kind of connotation tends to be imploded into people through media, so that it produces hyperreality. This process produces the regulation and strengthens the reality through the circuit of culture. Thus this research tries to develop the theoretical foundation for analysing the text discourse produced by the media. Also it focuses on widening the research scope to study the effects that the circuit of culture provides on the politics, society, and economics. Therefore The first, the objective meanings(denotation)which the referents of the community as T'PALACE, I'PARK, and STARCITY are 'larger scale', 'high and skyscraper', 'the rich people and the plutocrats who have very high academic career' and ' the residence place for the famous stars and successful CEOs', etc. and the subjective meanings, connotations which the referents of the community are 'The first street' transposes '1%' 'their own space' into the characteristics of the wealth of Gangnam district or Korean wealth', the additional significations which the metaphors such as 'the noble community', 'the sample for the high -level residential space', and 'the greed of 1%'. Conclusion, The significations of the symbols became imploded into the population and circulated along with the cultural streams through the media. The referents are recreated and consumed among the other communities such as the named 'PALACE', 'I'PARK', 'STARCITY' in the other areas. This kind of ideology tends to create the myths such as 'the 1% rich people of Gangnam', 'the first street of Korean wealth', and create the regulation such as 'the compound taxes for the real-estates', 'the policy of reducing the taxes for the rich', 'the policy of reducing the taxes for the 1% of the rich'. Also these regulations make the politicians operate new policies and are being utilized as 'slogan' for the politicians.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.787-798
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• 2011

An arboretum is defined as a collection of facilities that conserve plant species by surveying, collecting, and proliferating and preserving the plants in nature, perform diverse researches on plants and display the plants in exhibition spaces or outdoors as well as provide the public with educational programs and refreshment spaces according to the laws concerned. The public, however, recognizes the exhibition and education functions on plants of arboretum more importantly compared with the roles to survey, collect, and proliferate plants as regulated by the laws. In particular, arboretum plays a role to offer a pivotal educational place in urban area where the public can obtain an hands-on experience and understanding on a wide range of plant species and natural environment. The study aims to estimate the non market environmental values of Daegu Arboretum operated by Daegu Metropolitan City government by using the Contingent Valuation Methods (CVM), which yields the current monetary estimates for the arboretum. The value estimation was undertaken by using the Double-Bound Dichotomous Choice (DBDC) method, and each estimated value was derived from respective functions based on a logit distribution known to include relatively stable estimates according to the shape of the distribution. Considering the statistical fitness test results, the author estimated the amounts of the Willingness To Pay (WTP) such as mean WTP of 12,718 KRW, median WTP of 11,033 KRW, and truncated mean WTP of 11,468 KRW, which represented the annual recreational values per a person visiting Daegu Arboretum respectively. The analysis showed that Daegu Arboretum created the annual environmental values which were estimated to be approximately 16 to 19 billion KRW. The study also has an implication that the valuation method for the environment of Daegu Arboretum may be effectively applied for estimating the values of other types of environmental goods by altering the locations or goods to be analyzed.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.155-188
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• 2017

On the one hand, the 4th Industrial Revolution provides a positive opportunity to build a new civilization paradigm for mankind. However, on the other hand, due to the 4th Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence such as 'Goggle Alpha Go' revolutionized and even the human ability was replaced with a 'Silicon Chip' as the opportunity to communicate decreases, the existence of human beings is weakened. And there is a growing concern that the number of violent crimes, such as psychopath, which hunts humans as games, will increase. Moreover, recent international terrorism is being developed in a form similar to 'Psychopathic Violent-Crime' that indiscriminately attacks innocent people. So, the probability that terrorist organizations abuse the positive effects provided by the Fourth Industrial Revolution as means of terrorism is increasing. Therefore, the paradigm of aviation terrorism is expected to change in a way that attacks airport facilities and users rather than aircraft. Because airport facilities are crowded, and psychopathic terrorists are easily accessible. From this point of view, our counter terrorism system of aviation has many weak points in various aspects such as: (1) limitations of counter-terrorism center (2) inefficient on-site command and control system (3) separated organization for aviation security consultation (4) dispersed information collection function in government (5) vulnerable to cyber attack (6) lack of international cooperation network for aviation terrorism. Consequently, it is necessary to improve the domestic counter terrorism system of aviation so as to preemptively respond to the international terrorism. This study propose the following measures to improve the aviation security system by (1) create 'Aviation Special Judicial Police' (2) revise the anti-terrorism law and aviation security law (3) Strengthening the ability respond to terrorism in cyberspace (4) building an international cooperation network for aviation terrorism.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2015

In this study, assessment items to examine geocognition on plate tectonics were developed and applied to middle and high school students and college students. Conceptual constructs on plate tectonics are Earth interior structure, specific geomorphology, and geologic phenomena at each plate boundary. Construct for geocognition included temporal reasoning, spatial reasoning, retrospective reasoning, and system thinking. Pictorial data in each item were all obtained from GeoMapApp. Students' responses to the items were analyzed and measured cross-sectionally by Rasch model, which distinguishes persons' ability levels based on their scores for all items and compared them with item difficulty. By Rasch model analysis, Wright maps for middle and high school students and college students were obtained and compared with each other. Differential Item Functioning analysis was also implemented to compare students' item responses across school grades. The results showed: 1) Geocognition on plate tectonics was an assessable construct for middle and high school students in current science curriculum, 2) The most distinguished geocognition factor was spatial reasoning based on cross sectional analysis across school grades, 3) Geocognition on plate tectonics could be developed towards more sophisticated level through scaffolding of relevant instruction and earth science content knowledge, and 4) Geocognition was not a general reasoning separated from a task content but a content-specific reasoning related to the content of an assessment item. We proposed several suggestions for learning progressions for plate tectonics and national curriculum development based on the results of the study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2020

Three-dimensional registration is a process of matching data with or without a coordinate system to a reference coordinate system, which is used in various fields such as the absolute orientation of photogrammetry and data combining for producing precise road maps. Three-dimensional registration is divided into a method using points and a method using linear features. In the case of using points, it is difficult to find the same conjugate point when having different spatial resolutions. On the other hand, the use of linear feature has the advantage that the three-dimensional registration is possible by using not only the case where the spatial resolution is different but also the conjugate linear feature that is not the same starting point and ending point in point cloud type data. In this study, we proposed a method to determine the scale and the three-dimensional translation after determining the three-dimensional rotation angle between two data using quaternion to perform three-dimensional registration using linear features. For the verification of the proposed method, three-dimensional registration was performed using the linear features constructed an indoor and the linear features acquired through the terrestrial mobile mapping system in an outdoor environment. The experimental results showed that the mean square root error was 0.001054m and 0.000936m, respectively, when the scale was fixed and if not fixed, using indoor data. The results of the three-dimensional transformation in the 500m section using outdoor data showed that the mean square root error was 0.09412m when the six linear features were used, and the accuracy for producing precision maps was satisfied. In addition, in the experiment where the number of linear features was changed, it was found that nine linear features were sufficient for high-precision 3D transformation through almost no change in the root mean square error even when nine linear features or more linear features were used.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.128-146
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to provide a basic research data for increasing the quality of 'creative engineering design' lesson and the teaching learning capability of high school teachers by analyzing the teaching learning management status and improvement plan of 'technology home economics subject' lesson for high school teachers. In order to investigate the teaching learning management status, the survey questionnaires from 63 teachers were collected from high school teachers who teach technology home economics subject currently and analyzed by statistical program SPSS 20. The main results of this study were as follows: First, for the contents of 'creative engineering design' lesson, the highest mean of response was 'creative thinking method'(M=4.22). In the learning activities, the teachers perceived the importance of the 'idea concept' highly. Second, in the management of 'creative engineering design' lesson, the teachers perceived the importance of the secure of tool, material budget, and practice space for the lesson highly. In the teaching capabilities, the teacher perceived the importance of the preparing teaching learning strategy most($$M{\frac{._-}{.}}4.14$$). Third, the teachers preferred to product for making uncomfortable things better in life and the other production outside from the content of textbook. Fourth, in the ratio of practice:theory lesson, they perceived the ratio of 3:7(36.5%), 4:6(25.4%), and 2:8(23.8%) are appropriate. In the assessment, the combination of production, portfolio, and presentation was preferred most. Fifth, there were statistically significant difference in teachers' interest and satisfaction and contents about 'creative engineering design' lesson between groups divided by the existence of practice space, certification held(technology teacher, non technology teacher), etc. Therefore, in order to improve the interest and satisfaction about the 'creative engineering design' lesson, the secure of space for technology practice and material budget were required. In addition, training and seminars program for improving the teaching capability for 'creative engineering design' lesson were required.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1988

Size characteristics of three widely used landscape trees were analized to establish a methodology of size prediction as time Passes. Tree height, tree width, stem diameter(breast or surface), canopy length and tree age were measured directly and indirectly(by using photograph), and the data were analized by using regression analysis through PC-SAS. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Zelkova serrata MAKINO showed relatively slow growth rate and the tree form was changed as aged. Size predictions were available by using the regression equations listed below : Surface diameter = 0.8293 x AGE Tree height = 0.4109(0.8293 x AGE) - 0.0039(0.7273 x AGE)$^2$Tree width = 0.3240(0.8293 x AGE) - 0.0024(0.1293 x AGE)$^2$Canopy length = 0.1337(0.8293 x AGE) - 0.0020(0.7293 x AGE)$^2$2. Pinus strobus L. showed relatively fast growth rate and the tree form did not change much as aged. Size predictions were available by using the regression equations listed below. Breast diameter = 0.756 x AGE Tree height = 0.7695(0.756 x AGE) - 0.0164(0.75\ulcorner x AGE)$^2$Tree width = 0.4331(0.756 x AGE) - 0.0079(0.75\ulcorner x AGE)$^2$Canopy length = 0.1365(0.756 x AGE) - 0.0032(0.75f x AGE)$^2$ 3. In case of Magnolia denudata DESROUX, tree form was determined relatively earlier than the other two species. Si2e predictions were available by using the regression equations listed below : Surface diameter = 0.88 x AGE Tree height = 0.5412(0.88 x AGE) - 0.0110(0.88 x AGE)$^2$ Tree width = 0.3752(0.88 x AGE) - 7.0061(0.88 x AGE)$^2$Canopy length = 0.1110(0.88 x AGE) - 0.0022(0.88 x AGE)$^2$ This study aimed to find a way to predict size change of landscaping plants. This methodology will be applied to a wide range of landscape plants to provide practical data to landscape designers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.24-37
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• 2012

In this study, Community Garden of various national and international practices trends to an advanced research, the concept of community garden participated with a group operation out of initiative to produce safety food while securing space for the community, ensuring the area that has gone through a new form of active secure urban green space plan, urban renewal movement was defined as the mean. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving the poor welfare environment by attempting to experimentally make a community garden of a disabled welfare house rooftop and how to target its planning and construction process, partnership involvement, business processes have been investigated, such as cost sharing. The whole process including a budget for development of this case was conducted by the Busan Green Trust. Standard Chartered (SC) First Bank's 50% fund share by community chest, participation of volunteers, support of Busan City and Saba-gu, outside of that, sharing parts or trial to participate by diverse partnership of enterprise, public corporation and laboratory, these are the key in developing community garden's model. Established community garden places resulted food production to users of welfare center for the disabled, participating urban agricultural experience program, horticultural therapy, complex community chapter and cultural center. Furthermore, we could find the meaning of rooftop community garden in the point that it is a low cost garden by applying movable and unmovable planters. This study is profitable for improving urban environment, ensuring community chapter and urban green areas, regenerating a city to develop experimental community garden model by using a welfare house rooftop.