• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 1998

The search for tumor-avid agents for use in nuclear medicine imaging is an ongoing field of importance. The purpose of this study was to determine the affinity for radio labeled vitamin $B_{12}$ by a wide histologic variety of tumor types in mice. Seventeen different types of tumor were grown subcutaneously in female Balb/C or Balb nu/nu(nude) mice. When the tumors reached about 1 cm in diameter, mice were injected intraperitoneally with $^{57}Co$-vitamin $B_{12}$. Twenty-four hours later, the mice were sacrificed. Organs and tissues were removed, weighed, and activity per mg determined by gamma counter. Values represented cpm/mg tissue that was normalized to 20 grams body weight for each mouse. A wide variety of tumor types showed significant uptake and concentration of $^{57}Co$-vitamin $B_{12}$, as evidenced by tumor:tissue activity ratios. For many tissues of great importance in terms of background(bone, muscle, blood), the tumor:tissue activity ratios of uptake were high. These data strongly suggest that further efforts to evaluate the utility of radio labeled adducts of vitamin $B_{12}$ for clinical use in oncologic imaging are warranted.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2002

The therapeutic effect of safflower seed powder on experimental osteoporosis in the rat induced by ovariectomy was evaluated. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at the age of 12 weeks. Seven weeks postovariectomy, rats were divided into two groups: control and safflower seed powder treated group. Five animals from each group were sacrificed at the following time points: 1, 3, and 5 weeks. Scanning electron microscopic observation and morphometric analysis of the tibiae epiphysis showed that the administration of safflower seed powder significantly prevented reduction of cortical bone width and bone volume compared with the control group. In conclusion, safflower seed powder contains something that prevent bone loss due to estrogen deficiency, and was effective in preventing the osteoporotic decrease of bone mass.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the antler induction rate and production by artificial induction of antlerogenesis using $CaCl_2$ injection on both periosteum around area of horn development for the frontal bone of a female elk deer which do not have an antler. The results obtained from eleven deers for verifying effect of the female's antler induction on reproduction are as follows: The antler development induction by $CaCl_2$injection is higher on the treatments of 30 and 50% of $CaCl_2$ injection than those on the treatments of 15 %. The antler production is higher on the 30 % $CaCl_2$ injection than those of 15 and 50 % $CaCl_2$ injection. For 30 % $CaCl_2$ injection, the antler production is higher in 1.5 and 2.0 ml of % $CaCl_2$ injection than the other injection level. After the induction of antler development, the birth rate is not changed as of 75~100 %, while the regeneration rate of the antler which was not constant in approximately 45 % for five among eleven female deer. With these results, we assume that the injection concentration and amount of $CaCl_2$ injection are around 30 % and 1.5 and 2.0 ml level which can be not only most effective conditions for the antler induction rate and production, but also these conditions do not influence the reproduction during the period of the female elk's antler development induction.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know the cause of the tenderness at pes anserinus. Materials and Methods: Out of 24 patients with tenderness at pes anserinus, 23 patients were female and 1 patient was male, and their average age was 65.9 years old. We checked the tenderness at pes anserinus by history taking & physical examniation and then, checked the pes anserinus for the presence of bursitis by US in outpatient clinic. With no evidence of bursitis by US, we injected steroid-lidocaine mixture intraarticularly and checked whether the tenderness disappeared after 2~3 minutes. Results: There was no case with bursitis at pes anserinus by US. The tenderness at pes anserinus diminished in 2-3 minutes after the intraarticular injection of the steroid-lidocaine mixture. After 6 weeks follow up, 16 patients(66.7%) had little or no tenderness at pes anserinus. 8 cases had the recurrence of tenderness recurred, 4 cases underwent arthroscopic operation on the meniscal tear, and 1 case underwent total knee arthroplasty. All cases underwent any operations had the tenderness at pes anserinus disappeared. The others 3 cases did not undergo total knee arthroplasty despite of radiologic obliteration of knee joint adequate for Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV. Conclusion: Without the bursitis at Pes Anserinus, patients the osteoarthritis may have the tenderness due to the referred pain.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 1973

As a part of efforts to elucidate the influence of Panax Ginseng upon nucleic acid content of various tissues, a study was carried out which measured RNA and DNA contents of bone marrow following administration of ginseng. Thirty male rats $(body\;weight:\;180{\sim}230\;gm)$ were equally divided into a ginseng and a saline group. Once a day for 5 days they received subcutaneously 0.5 m1/100 gm body weight ginseng extract solution (4 mg of ginseng alcohol extract in 1 ml of saline), and the same amount of saline, respectively. On the 5th experimental day, all animals were sacrificed 2 hours after the last medication and the bone marrow of one femur was removed. RNA and DNA contents of the bone marrow were measured using the chemical method of Schmidt Thannhauser-Schneider. Results obtained were as follows 1. RNA and DNA contents of the bone r arrow were significantly higher in the ginseng group than in the saline group. 2. RNA/DNA ratio of the bone marrow was also much higher in the ginseng group than in the saline group. The ginseng is inferred to augment RNA and DA contents, and also raise RNA/DNA ratio of the bone marrow in rats.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2003

It was reported that radiopharamaceuticals induced radiation adaptive response (RAR) in patients undergoing nuclear medicine imaging studies. Individual variations of RAR were not studied well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate individual variation of RAR in patients undergoing nuclear medicine imaging studies. Peripheral lymphocytes were collected from 23 patients undergoing $^{99m}Tc-diethylenetriamine$ pentaacetic acid $(^{99m}Tc-DTPA)$ renal scintigraphy, 18 patients undergoing $^{99m}Tc-methylene$ diphosphonate $(^{99m}Tc-MDP)$ bone scintigraphy and 21 patients undergoing $^{99m}Tc-tetrofosmin\;(^{99m}Tc-TF)$ scintigraphy were collected before and 4 hours after injection of radiopharmaceuticals. The lymphocytes were exposed to challenge dose of 2 Gy gamma rays using a cell irradiator. Numbers of ring-form (R) and dicentric (D) chromosomes were counted under the light microscope. and used to calculate the frequency of chromosomal aberration [Ydr=(D+R)/total number of counted lymphocytes]. Adaptation index (k) was defined 3s ratio of Ydr in conditioned lymphocytes over Ydr in unconditioned lymphocytes. Coefficients of variance of k in $^{99m}Tc-DTPA,\;^{99m}Tc-MDP\;and\;^{99m}Tc-TF$ were 35%, 34% and 21%, respectively k was not dependent upon age, sex, and underlying diseases. There was a wide variation of RAR induced by radiopharmaceuticals among patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures. It remains to be determined for causes of such variation.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2009

Demineralized boneparticle (DBP) has been widely used as and a powerful promoter of new bone growth. In this study, DBP sponges were chemically crosslinked and characterized for the potential application of tissue engineered scaffolds. The DBP sponges prepared by crosslinking with EDC. 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3% pepsin was applied to DBP dissolved in 3% (v/v) acetic acid aqueous solution for 48 hrs. The prepared sponges were crosslinked by 1, 5, 10, 50 or 100 mM of EDC solution concentration and then were lyophilized. The DBP sponges were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and DSC and analyzed in terms of their porosity and water absorption ability. The cellular viability and proliferation were assayed by MTT assay. Our investigation revealed that 0.2$\sim$0.3% of pepsin and 50$\sim$100 mM of EDC produced DBP sponges with good physical characteristics. In conclusion, DBP sponge prepared under these conditions is potentially useful for the applications of tissue construction.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the roughness and surface alternations of three differently blasted titanium discs treated by $Nd:YVO_4$ Laser irradiation in different conditions. Materials and methods: Thirty commercially pure titanium discs were prepared and divided into three groups. Each group was consisted of 10 samples and blasted by $ZrO_2$ (zirconium dioxide), $Al_2O_3$ (aluminum oxide), and RBM (resorbable blasted media). All the samples were degreased by ultrasonic cleaner afterward. Nine different conditions were established by changing scanning speed (100, 300, 500 mm/s) and repetition rate (5, 15, 35 kHz) of $Nd:YVO_4$ Laser (Laser Pro D-20, Laserval $Korea^{(R)}$, Seoul, South Korea). After laser irradiation, a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis, and surface roughness analysis were used to assess the roughness and surface alternations of the samples. Results: According to a scanning electron microscope (SEM), titanium discs treated with laser irradiation showed characteristic patterns in contrast to the control which showed irregular patterns. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, only $Al_2O_3$ group showed its own peak. The oxidation tendency and surface roughness of titanium were similar to the control in the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis. The surface roughness was inversely proportional to the scanning speed, whereas proportional to the repetition rate of $Nd:YVO_4$. Conclusion: The surface microstructures and roughness of the test discs were modified by the radiation of $Nd:YVO_4$ laser. Therefore, laser irradiation could be considered one of the methods to modify implant surfaces for the enhancement of osseointegration.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate migration of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ($^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO) labeled immature and mature dendritic cells (DC) in the mouse. Methods: DC were collected from bone marrow (BM) of tibiae and femurs of mice. Immature and mature DC from BM cells were radiolabeled with $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO. To evaluate the functional and phenotypic changes of DC from radiolabeling, the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis were performed before and after labeling with $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO. Migration of intravenously injected DC (iv-DC) was assessed by serial gamma camera images of mice with or without subcutaneous tumor. Percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) was calculated in lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, and tumor through dissection of each mice after 24 hours of injection. Results: Labeling efficiency of immature and mature DC were $60.4{\pm}5.4%\;and\;61.8{\pm}6.7%$, respectively. Iv-DC initially appeared in the lungs, then redistributed mainly to liver and spleen. Migration of mature DC to spleen was significantly higher than that of immature DC ($38.3{\pm}4.0%\;vs.\;32.2{\pm}4.1%$ in control group, $40.4{\pm}4.1%\;vs.\;35.9{\pm}3.8%$ in tumor group; p<0.05). Migration to tumor was also significantly higher in mature DC than in immature DC ($2.4{\pm}0.3%\;vs\;1.7{\pm}0.2%$; p=0.034). Conclusion: Assessment of migration pattern of DC in mice was possible using $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO labeled immature and mature DC. Migration of mature DC to spleen and tumor was higher than that of immature DC when they were i.v. injected.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.418-424
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• 2017

Magnesium has a higher specific strength than other metals and is widely used industry wide due to its excellent vibration absorption ability and electromagnetic wave shielding property.For example, it is used for automobile parts such as car seat frames and cylinder heads, and is widely used in electronic products such as notebook cases and mobile phone cases. In addition, it is in the spotlight as a bone-implant material used to assist in the treatment of damaged bones when the bones are cracked or broken. Currently, Ti alloy, stainless steel and Co-Cr-Mo alloy are used as the implant material, and the Mg alloy remains in research stage. The current problem with bone implant implants is that the patients must undergo reoperation to remove the implants after joint surgery. Magnesium, however, can achieve sufficient strength compared to current materials. In addition, since it is self-decomposed after the recovery, reoperation is not necessary. In this paper, Mg alloys were designed by adding harmless Ca and Zn to the human body. In order to improve the strength and corrosion resistance, the final alloy was designed by adding a small amount of Sr as a grain refiner. The radioactive elements of Sr are harmful to the human body, but other naturally occurring Sr elements are harmless. Microstructure analysis of the alloys was performed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties and corrosion characteristics were evaluated by tensile test, potentiodynamic test and immersion test.