• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1085-1091
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of residue discarded after harvesting a species of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). This study analyzed the physiological activity and cytotoxicity of a fermented extract and a hot water extract gathered from the residues of the Cheongyang pepper and the Nokkwang pepper. The total nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium, and magnesium contents of the fermented extract of the Nokkwang pepper were approximately twice as high as those of the Cheongyang pepper, while the hot water extracts had similar levels of these components across both peppers. Among the microelements, only boric acid, iron, and silicon components were detected, whereas zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and copper components were not detected in either extract. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the fermented extracts were more than two times higher than those of the hot water extracts for both peppers. The DPPH radical scavenging ability (indicating antioxidant activity) of the fermented extract was higher than that of the hot water extract, while the ABTS radical scavenging ability (indicating antioxidant activity) of the hot water extract was higher than that of the fermented extract. A cytotoxicity test was conducted on the extracts using an MTT assay. Both extracts exhibited weak cytotoxicity at all concentrations for both peppers. These results suggest that the extract of residue discarded after harvesting these peppers could be suitable for functional feed or agricultural materials.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2020

This study determined the microbial contamination levels of hot pepper at harvest, sorting, and distribution stages to suggest a way of reducing the microbial contamination of hot peppers by changing work gloves used throughout these processes. According to the monitoring results, the contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria (TAB) were found in the following order: soil (5.3±0.9 log CFU/g), hot pepper (4.2±0.9 log CFU/g), gloves (4.2±0.6 log CFU/g), baskets (4.1±0.7 log CFU/ g), clippers (3.9±0.6 log CFU/ g) and water (3.2±1.1 log CFU/g) at harvest stage. The contamination level of coliforms were found in the following order: soil (2.2±0.9 log CFU/g), hot pepper (2.2±0.3 log CFU/g), gloves (2.1±0.6 log CFU/g), clippers (2.0±0.21 log CFU/ g) and baskets (1.9±1.1 log CFU/ g) at harvest stage. TAB on hot pepper at the harvest stage was reduced from 4.2±0.9 log CFU/g to cold storage 3.8±0.2 log CFU/g and room temperature storage 2.6±0.3 log CFU/g, respectively. By the replacement of work gloves and lower distribution temperature, TAB levels of the peppers were significantly reduced compared to those without replacement and distributed at room temperature. In addition, the utilization of plasma was effective on reducing microbial contamination of hot pepper. These results demonstrated that appropriate replacement of gloves at the harvest stages, using plasma in the distribution stage, and refrigerated distribution conditions, which are simple and easy to practice in the field, are effective to reduce microbial contamination on hot peppers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

The application in agricultural fields of pig slurry composting biofiltraton amending smell and nutrient unevenness, it is important for the appropriate nitrogen nutrient management to promote the availability of the crops and to minimize the risk of adversely environmental effects. The objective of this study was to determine the application rates of the preplant pig slurry composting biofiltration for red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) by considering the yield response and the fruit quality such as sugar, capsaicinoid content. Red peppers were grown on plastic film ground under five different pig slurry(PS) application rates and mineral fertilizer(MF 100%) as a control. The effects of a single application of five different doses of PS: PS 0%(no kg N $ha^{-1}$), PS 50%(51.5 kg N $ha^{-1}$), PS 75%(77.3 kg N $ha^{-1}$), PS 100%(103 kg N $ha^{-1}$) and PS 125%(129 kg N $ha^{-1}$) were compared with the recommended mineral treatment(103 kg N $ha^{-1}$) in the pre-planting. The sidedressing N application(87 kg N $ha^{-1}$) was applied to the mineral fertilizer in all treatments. Red peppers were harvested at the mature red stage through five times from 72 days after transplanting(DAT) to 133 DAT. The results indicated that the yield of red pepper was increased with the increase of the N application rates from PS 0% to PS 100%. The highest yield was obtained in PS 100% by 20,843 kg $ha^{-1}$, although there were no significant differences in yield among PS 100, PS 125% and MF 100%. In addition, The contents of soluble sugar and capsaicinoids were not significantly different in all treatments. Accordingly, fertilization recommendations of red pepper to substitute PS for the mineral fertilizer were considered to PS 100%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.114-120
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• 2002

배추는 발효식품인 김치의 주원료가 되는 중요한 채소로서 고추 다음으로 많이 재배되고 있는 농가소득 작목의 하나이다. 배추재배는 2000년 말 51,801㏊로 총채소 재배면적의 약13%를 차지하고 있다. 수확작업은 배추재배 중 가장 많은 노력을 필요로 하여 전체 노동투하 시간의 16.1-19.4%를 차지하고 있고, 주산지재배로 수확시기에 노동피크를 이루며 인력수확 시 부피가 크고 무거워 경노동화를 위한 결구 배추수확기 개발이 요구되고 있다. 피러나 수확작업에 대한 기계화 요구도가 높은 반면에 배추는 조직이 연약하여 손상되기 쉽고 재배양식이 다양하며, 동일포장 내에서도 지면요철이 있고, 배추크기의 차이로 기계수확 장애요인이 많아 기계화에 상당한 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility for the use of environmental-friendly materials and the effective recycling of spent mushroom compost(SMC) after cultivation of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. SMC of white button mushroom contained diverse microorganisms including fluorescent Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Tricoderma sp. and Actinomycetes. These isolates showed the extensive antifungal spectrum against plant pathogen. Among of the isolates, fungal pathogen such as Alternaria brassicicola, Phytophtora melonis, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotichum gloeosporioides strong showed strong antagonistic activity. 45.8% of the isolates were actively colonized on the pepper root and 5.8% showed rhizosphere competent of >$5{\times}10^2cfu\;root^{-1}$. The plant growth promotion ability of the collected isolates were tested in pot experiments using red pepper seedling. Among them, 62.7% showed pepper growth promoting ability and growth of pepper root showed superior to the control. The germination of pepper treated with aqueous extracts of non-harvest SMC completely inhibited at concentration of more than 33%. The sterilization of SMC resulted in higher inhibition of germination and early growth of pepper. These results suggest that spent mushroom compost(SMC) of Button Mushroom may have adequately the feasibility for the use with environmental-friendly materials.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.331-336
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• 1978

In an attempt to study the possibility of substituting sweet potato for cereals as raw materials for Kochujang, three kinds of Kochujang were made from barley, sweet potato or 50% barley and 50% sweet potato, The results of component variation during the ripening and the effect of temperature on the aging in the harvesting season of sweet potato were as follows: 1) Kochujang is, usually, manufactured in May, but no difference was observed in aging condition when it was manufactured in September, the season of sweet potato harvest, since the inner temperature of the product was around $20^{\circ}C$. 2) The total reducing sugar content and maturity reached maximum after $40{\sim}50\;days$ of fermentation in the three treatments and crude fat content tended to be slightly decreased during fermentation. 3) Lightness in color of the three kinds of Kochujang decreased by exposure to sunlight. Sweetpotato Kochujang showed a stronger tendency to increase the redness as compared with the rest. 4) Sensory evaluation showed that sweet potato Kochujang was less acceptable than barley Kochujang due to disagreeable flavor of sweet potato but mixed Kochujang showed little difference, as compared with barley Kochujang.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

1. 고추 무농약재배 비가림 시설재배 효과 무농약 고추 노지 터널재배와 비가림 재배의 수량성을 검토하고, 관행 비가림 시설에 측고와 동고를 높이고 가로대를 보강하여 최소한의 투입으로 작물재배 환경을 개선으로 농작업에 편리성을 도모하고자 시험을 수행한 결과 비가림 시설재배가 노지 터널재배에 비하여 생육이 양호하고. 수량이 2배정도 많았다. 노지재배 고추는 강우로 인하여 탄저병이 40% 정도 발생되었으나, 비가림 시설재배는 탄저병과 역병이 전혀 발생되지 않았다. 2. 고추 비가림 시설 환경 개선 효과 구명 비가림 시설의 측과와 동고를 높이는 간단한 환경개선으로 여름철은 시설내 온도가 관행 비가림 시설보다 낮아지는 효과가 있었다. 또한 비가림 시설환경 개선에 의해서 "녹광" 풋고추의 생육은 증가되었으며, 홍고추 "조양" 품종도 같은 경향이었다. 고추의 수량은 풋고추 "녹광" 품종이 홍고추 "조양" 품종보다 수확량이 현저하게 많았고 처리간에는 비가림 시설의 환경을 개선한 시설이 관행 비가림 시설에 비하여 증수되었다. 그리고 비닐온실의 측고를 높인 결과 비닐 온실 내 측면으로 사람의 통행이 자유로워 작업환경 도도 개선되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.206-206
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• 2003

피클(pickles)은 구미 각국에서 널리 애용되는 침채류이다. 수확한 농산물의 신선도를 유지하면서 장기보관 하기 위해 만들어진 것으로 여러 가지 방법이 시도되어 왔고, 동양에서는 높은 습도로 인한 곰팡이 증식을 억제하기 위하여 소금 절임 방법이 발달되었으며, 건조한 기후의 유럽에서는 세균번식을 억제하기 위하여 식초절임이 발달하였다. 피클이란 채소 또는 과실류를 소금, 식초 또는 여기에 향신료 등을 넣은 것에 절인 것을 총칭하는 것으로, 주로 오이, 컬리플라워, 양파, 미숙 토마토 등을 원료로 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 피클의 특징인 아삭아삭함을 유지하면서, 피클의 신맛과 한국 전통식장아찌를 혼용한 염장피클로, 기능적 특성을 가진 허브를 첨가하여 현대인에게 오는 성인병의 예방과 기능성 식품에 부가 가치를 높이고자 하며, 또한 피클 제조를 위한 고추의 품종 선정을 위한 기초 실험을 하고자 함에 있다. 풋고추, 청양고추, 꽈리고추 등 품종을 달리하여 제조한 고추피클의 숙성기간 중 품질특성을 실험하였다. 염도변화는 모든 품종에서 숙성기간이 길어질수록 염도가 낮아졌으며, 숙성이 완료되는 시점인 25일경에는 풋고추 2.95%, 청양고추 2.68%의 염도 변화를 보였다. pH변화는 세 품종간에 차이는 없는 것으로 보여졌으며, 숙성기간에 따른 차이도 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 고형분함량은 풋고추와 꽈리고추가 비슷한 경향을 보였고, 청양고추가 다소 높았다. 적정산도의 변화는 세 품종간에 차이는 없었지만, 숙성이 진행될수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 탁도변화는 꽈리고추가 가장 낮았고, 청양고추가 가장 높았으며, 숙성이 진행될수록 모두 탁해지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 피클의 경도변화는 풋고추는 0일에 45.12g 청양고추는 56.68g, 꽈리 고추 42.12g의 경도를 보였으며, 숙성최종단계인 25일에는 풋고추 20.33g, 청양고추 25.12g, 꽈리고추는 17.81g으로 꽈리고추의 경도가 가장 낮았고, 청양고추는 세 품종 중에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 세 품종 모두 숙성이 진행될수록 경도가 현저히 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2015

Water extracts from spent mushroom substrate (SMSE)of edible mushrooms, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceus and Lentinula edodes promoted growth of pepper seedling. Mycellial growth rate of Phythopthora capsici and Fusarium oxysporum was dramatically inhibited by 100% and 70% on PDA added with SMSE of H. erinaceus. SMSEs from H. erinaceus, P. eryngii, and L. edodes effectively reduced the disease severity of Phytophthora blight of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici to 75%, 10% and 35%, respectively. These results suggested that SMSE from the mushrooms have dual effects that suppress phythopthora blight disease and promote plant growth of pepper.