• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.320-326
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors affecting dental caries in children by using the 2018 children's oral health survey data. The study was conducted on 20,235 children who were 12 years of age. The survey items examined general characteristics, dental dietary behavior, the oral condition, and the behavioral factors related to oral health. The results showed that gender, region, economic level, subjective oral health condition, dental dietary behavior, oral condition and oral health-related behavior were all risk factors. Those children with oral conditions particularly showed a higher risk of the dental caries symptoms of dental calculus, dental bleeding, tooth pain and white spot teeth. The oral health-related behaviors were found to be tooth brushing less than two times a day, the risk of not using a handle to hold dental floss and not using dental floss. Our results showed that countries or communities can diagnose and manage dental well-being early on for children with the highest sensitivity of dental health and they need to continue to establish a dental well-being management system for the oral health care of children. In addition, oral health education should be expanded, which can improve oral health care habits of children and adolescents. Further, an oral health policy system for improving community programs to prevent dental and community utilization is needed.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.17
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• pp.83-95
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• 2009

As an exploratory research on China's animation, this study aims to enhance an understanding of the trends and characteristics of China's animation through examining its history and to forecast its future development trajectory. From its founding to recent period, China tried to maintain Communist political system through imbuing national identity to its people through management and supervision of media products under direct government's leadership in combination with ideological education. Such policy was also implemented in animation, major audience of which is children. With regard to the introduction of the policy and its influence, five historical phases could be identified as follows. During the first phase, from the founding of the Republic until the Cultural Revolution, national culture was introduced to China's animation. The second phase, which corresponds with the Cultural Revolution period, marks the decline of national culture. National culture was reemphasized during the third phase that follows the Cultural Revolution, which led to the nomination of the 'China school,' followed by the fourth phase, during which China's animation suffered the second decline due to the spread of TVs and foreign animation imports. Reintroduction of national culture on China's animation in the context of rapid industrialization process before and after 2000 characterizes the recent phase. It can be expected that although there could be some change in methods and forms, China's animation, which introduced national culture from its inception and maintained remarkable resilience following the period of decline, will continuously stress the its own national cultural identity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.543-559
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• 2009

Dr Lillehei (1918$\sim$1999) pioneered cardiac surgery with his landmark operations using cross-circulation in 1954 and 1955. With his dedications to open heart surgery, he is generally considered to be the father of open heart surgery by many medical historians. Dr Lillehei expanded his contributions to cardiac surgery with training 134 cardiothoracic surgeons at the University of Minnesota Hospital and he trained an additional 20 surgeons at the Cornell Medical Center. Dr Lillehei's trainees came from all over the world and Dr YK lee (1921$\sim$1994) of Seoul National University was among them. He joined the University of Minnesota Hospital in 1957 as a part of the Minnesota project. During his stay for two years, in addition to experimental research, he learned clinical cardiac surgery as part of Dr Lillehei's team. In 1959, after returning to Korea, Dr Lee began his career as. a full-time cardiac surgeon with establishing the Division of Cardiac Surgery at Seoul National University. Hospital. Yet he encountered many difficult barriers in the process. During that time, Dr Lillehei was willing to share his experience and he provided many valuable resources for cardiac operations. With Dr Lillehei's kind help, the open heart surgery program was gradually and successfully established at Seoul National University Hospital. These two surgical titans from across the Pacific Ocean died in 1994 (Dr Lee) and 1999 (Dr Lillehei). They are gone, yet the proud Korean people have not forgotten them.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.223-240
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to review the current state of the transformational leadership and LMX approach to the study of leadership. Leadership research has witnessed a shift from traditional transactional models to a new genre of theories of transformational and charismatic leadership and LMX. Transformational leadership theories offer the promise of extraordinary individual and organizational outcomes. Leaders motivate followers to perform beyond expected levels by activating higher order needs, fostering a climate of trust, and inducing them to transcend their self-interest for the organization's sake. Numerous investigations point of the robustness of the effects of such leadership on individual and organizational outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and performance. LMX theory suggests that leaders do not use the same style in dealing with all subordinates, but rather develop a different type of relationship or exchange with each subordinate. These relationships range from those that are based strictly on employment contracts to those that are characterized by mutual trust, respect, liking, and reciprocal influence. LMX has been positively related to job satisfaction, productivity, and career progress of managers and negatively related to turnover and employee grievances. In conclusions, effective leaders link achievement of organizational goals to follower fulfillment of self-development goals, with the former advancing the latter.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for the sustainability of cooperatives, To provide theoretical support for healthy development and academic research. The purpose of this study is to improve people's understanding of cooperatives (farmer professional cooperatives) in China. First of all, we analyze the background and concept of the introduction of cooperatives and the use of the latest advance research in China and South Korea; Secondly, we propose the status of Chinese cooperatives and the growth process of the legal system; Thirdly, we focus on the law and system of Chinese farmer professional cooperatives. Therefore, this study proposes the following four enlightenments : First, China should continue to improve and improve its legal systems, such as the tax assistance legal system, financial preferential legal system, and technical assistance legal system. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen government supervision of cooperatives, improve the internal system of farmer cooperatives, improve the financing policies of farmer cooperatives, grasp the relationship between development and regulation, and form a development model centered on farmers. Third, the development of farmer cooperatives must be integrated with the local culture. Fourth, we must strengthen the training of cooperative members and strive to improve the level of management and self-innovation.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.169-184
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• 2011

This study tried to know the effect of selection attributes for chicken specialty stores on customer satisfaction and loyalty. IPA analysis on relation between the attributes and the satisfaction showed that most quality-related product attributes such as 'the taste and quality of chicken', 'proper portion', and 'fresh ingredients' had high levels of perceived importance and satisfaction. It indicates that the stores need to keep the current good quality. On the other hand, customers showed lower levels of satisfaction in 'reasonable prices', 'quick delivery'(certainty factors), and 'kindness of employees', so that those attributes need improving. The hypothesis testing showed that supplementary product factors such as 'side dishes offered with chicken', 'use of neat and convenient wrapping package', and 'coupon offers' among the customer selection attributes had a significant impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, the owners of chicken specialty stores need to choose a reasonable price to make customers satisfied and shorten delivery time directly related to quality. Also, they need to differentiate their services by continuous employee training and education and provide additional services in order to enhance customer satisfaction for their repurchase.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.85-102
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• 1998

The Changing Characteristics of Office Location in Central Seoul In recent years, central Seoul has been experiencing a dynamic transformation. In the process of reorganization of urban industrial structure including tertiarization and quaternarization of the economic base of Seoul, business services are growing very rapidly and large scale urban renewal projects are agilely implemented. Downtown office activities become a nucleus for economic performance of Seoul and high-rise office buildings steer the landscape transformation of central Seoul. Even though there appear to exist some evidences that office districts have dispersed to several subcenters, major office activities are still concentrated in the central Seoul. This paper redefines office industry in a narrow meaning comprising only relevant economic sectors and office buildings as office activity-functioning units. It then explores the industrial networking and territorial specialization of office activities focusing on the dual process of concentration and dispersion in Seoul. The changing characteristics of the downtown linkages of office activities in this post-industrial era transforms the spatial economy of central Seoul into more flexible and volatile, while territorial concentration of power and control functions are fortified at the same time. Finally, the paper addresses the development of manufacturing-tertiary-quaternary industrial complex, which can be regarded as new industrial clusters, selling cultural economy of urban space and possessing placeness or images for clients and customers, in relation to urban competitiveness and territorial specialization of large metropolitan areas.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2012

This paper study about how government start-up promotion policies have strongly impacts on business startup pattern and its performance. In Korea, the economic crisis of the late 1990s, the recession continues to stumble, and corporate restructuring occurs, let a small mass of unemployed, the Soho establishment 'Sojabon' started brewing two booms. Small business owners and their economic contribution to this portion of the axis with respect to support economic growth theory, on the basis that you need to install the Support Center for more small business owners and small business owners and social atmosphere, changing the term action to promote the establishment and growth of employment opportunities through by creating regional, has been promoting the balanced development of between business. This scheme focus on examining the types and characteristics of the government support schemes with respect to start-process business plan completion, financing capability, utilizing level of experts, location advantage, level of industry differentiation. Results of this study shows how significantly entrepreneurship influence on business startup pattern determining successful performance of business startup and let potential entrepreneur utilize it as to proceed business planning and establishing strategies.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 1993

BIDANI is the action-research program. BIDANI aims to be truly a people's program embodying their own activities and aspiration. BIDANI sees an integrated development approach at the community level with participatory services embodied in a Barangay Integrated Development Plan(BIDP) designed by the people themselves. Community situational analysis is conducted by the people to identify the priority problems and potential resources in the barangay. Participatory planning, using the “bottom up” apporach, is exercised to formulate a BIDP. Proper motivation and advocacy encourage barangay people's participation. Accessibility and efficiency in the use of various services and resources of government and private agencies increase. Family groups who are at high-risk to malnutrition become aware of the importance of nutrition through their participation in development program activities. Integration of political and socio-economic concerns at the lowest level is operationalized. Implementation and sustainability of the program on a wider scale from a model project to a model program is facilitated through institutionalization at the municipal/city level with the mayor as the project director. “Top to bottom” planning through a City/Municipal Integrated Development Program(C/MIDP) interacts with “bottom up” planning at the barangay level. The establishment of a local Training School for Barangay Development(TSBD) in each municipality and city for continuing education of indigenous village workers and barangay people is a vital component for success and viability. The role of non-political entities such as academic institutions and non-government organizations, as catalytic agents of development, is stressed.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.73-83
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• 2002

우리 사회에서 일정 정도 이상의 사회와 가정에서의 기능상의 부적응을 초래하는 정신적 문제는 경제활동인구에 있어 가장 흔한 보건의료상의 문제일 것으로 추측되고 있으나, 현재까지는 정신보건제도 마련에 있어 가장 극심한 부적응을 보이는 정신적 장애를 지닌 환자를 위주로 수용시설과 지역사회에서의 재활과 관리에 그 초점을 두어 왔다. 즉 직업스트레스와 같은 일시적인 사회심리적 갈등으로 인한 신체증상의 호소나 알을 및 약물중독으로 인한 사고의 발생으로부터 일생동안 관리되어야 하는 지능저하나 학습장애와 같은 만성적인 문제에 이르기까지 다양한 스펙트럼을 보이는 사업장과 지역사회에서의 정신적 문제들 중 그 일부만이 제도적으로 관리되어 왔다. 실제 그 동안 직장 내 정신보건문제에 대한 행정적 관심은 일부 장애인의 취업 문제를 제외하고는 없었다고 하여야 할 것이다. 그러나 한편으로 우리 사회의 산업구조와 경제사회적 조건의 변화에 따른 노동내용과 조건상 유연화의 증대가 많은 직장에서 노동강화로 이어진다는 점, 그리고 가족 및 교류집단을 비롯한 전통적인 사회적 지지구조가 와해되고 있다는 점과 정신적 문제로 인한 기능상 부적응의 척도가 한편으로 사회적 가치관의 변화에 따라 계속 그 영역이 넓어지는 방향으로 변화하고 있다는 점등에서 직장 내 정신보건 문제는 앞으로 더욱 그 비중이 커질 것으로 판단되고 있다. 문제의 심각성에 대한 관심이 요구되는 현재의 시점에서 제도적 접근에 대한 검토 또한 시작되어야 할 것으로 판단되고 있다. 현재까지 기업 내에서 이루어지고 있는 정신보건관리의 현황을 단편적으로 파악해 보았을 때, 단지 일부 기업에서 취업시 내지는 부서 배치시 성격검사를 비롯하여 적성검사를 실시하고 있으며, 기업윤리확보 차원에서 비정규적으로 사기앙양을 주목적으로 하는 집단적인 교육이나 단체훈련이 이루어지고 있으나, 정신심리적 문제를 개인적 차원에서 그리고 또한 조직적 차원에서 체계화된 프로그램으로 관리하고 있는 사례는 아직 없다. 앞으로 직장 내 정신보건문제에 대하여 제도적인 접근을 하기 위하여서는 다음과 같은 세가지 조건들이 구비되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 첫 번째로 문제점 그 자체의 내용과 그 규모에 대한 정확한 파악과 예측이 가능하여야 한다. 즉 제도 전체의 운영을 객관적으로 평가하고 개선할 수 있는 기제가 함께 있어야 제도가 실제적인 기능을 할 수 있다는 최소한의 목적이 달성될 수 있다. 두 번째로 문제점의 관리를 위한 효과적인 개입내용 및 개입지점의 확보가 가능하여야 한다. 특히 직장 내에서 수행할 수 있는 프로그램이 개발되어야 하며, 이는 시범사업과 시장을 통한 소비자, 즉 사업주들의 자발적인 선택을 통하여 검토되고 걸려져야만 한다. 마지막으로 제도 운영의 대상, 특히 정신보건문제를 안고 있는 노동자들의 자발적인 동의가 확보될 수 있어야 한다. 이는 정신적 문제가 안고 있는 편견과 그로 인한 차별이 가져다주는 문제를 함께 고려하면서 제도가 운영되어야 하며, 이에 있어 제도 운영상 노동자들의 주체적인 참여가 필요하기 때문이다. 이상 고려되는 직장 내 정신보건문제에 대한 제도적 접근을 담기 위하여서는 프로그램 개발이나 전문가 집단의 양성과 같은 단순한 기술적 접근과 이들의 인허가 및 사업화에 따른 적용기준 및 의무의 설정과 같은 제도적 접근에 그쳐서는 그 실효성을 담보하지 못할 것으로 판단된다. 보다 중요한 것은 이러한 정신보건문제에 대한 노사의 공감대를 이루어 내는 것이며, 사회 전반적인 인식의 확산과 더불어 바람직한 관리모습에 대한 사회적 가치관을 도출해 내는 것이 제도적인 접근의 성공을 보장할 수 있는 기반 조건이 될 것이다. 이러한 점에 있어 정신보건문제를 바라보는 기존의 가치관이 부정적이고 고착화된 모습만을 강조하였으나, 이제는 점차 긍정적이 사회활동에 수반되는 역동적인 모습으로서 비추어지는 것이 많아진다는 측면에서 그 전망을 밝게 하여 주고 있다.