• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

This study was conducted a visual landscape resources inventory and grade assessment on natural resources and cultural resources of Chiaksan National Park. Landscapes of National Parks are categorized into four types: seascape, mountain landscape, village landscape, and temple historical landscape. Landscape lists were constructed for each district for a total of 120 lists through field research on 7 trails. The landscape list per trail has Guryong~Birobong(31%), Seungnam~Namdaebong(22%), Geumdae~Namdaebong(16%), Bugok~Hanenggu(165), Hwanggol~Ipseoksa(6%), Hyangrobong~Nandaebong(5%) and Godeunjae~Wontonggol(4%). Landscape Assessment items were divided into five characteristics of view, unique, use, history culture, natural reflected by item. Items were divided into three grades of landscape by 4, 3, 2, 1 for each item of the assessment criteria and Delphi survey. Mountain landscapes were assessed in I grade of 72 sites, II grade of 26 sites, III grade of 7 sites. Temple Historical landscapes were assessed in I grade of 4 sites, II grade of 7 sites, III grade of 4 sites. The study results can be used as a basis for mountain parks management. It is necessary to focus on managing the landscape of I grade site. The higher ratings of the Mountain landscapes are related to the view and natural score. Also, the grading of Temple Historical landscapes is related to the history cultural, natural and use score. In addition, the mountain landscape were identified as being included outside landscape resources, the place of landscape resources with outside ratings were higher and the view was related. Landscape management is needed for the conservation of Mountain landscape and Temple Historical landscape type rating as excellent areas on the basis of the results of the inventory and assessment. For future improvement the Guryong-Birobong trail is judged as a harmonious representative landscape of the Mountain and Temple Historical landscape and will require conservation as a focus management area. In the case of Mountain landscape improvements, maintenance such as pruning trees, wood observatory and interpretation sign for a landscape with minimal inhibitory landscaping is needed. When installing artificial facilities in the Temple Historical landscapes, the use of materials harmonizing with the surroundings landscape must be considered as well as the standards of facilities limitation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.152-152
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• 2023

하천의 건강성을 평가하기 위해 일반적으로 수생태계 건강성 지표(TDI, BMI, FAI, HRI, RVI)가 사용되고 있다. 이 지표는 5가지 등급으로 구분하여 매우 좋음(A), 좋음(B), 보통(C), 나쁨(D), 매우나쁨(E)으로 구분된다. 하지만, 하천의 건강성 관점에서 수질, 토지이용, 지리적 특성, 경관지수와의 상관성을 바탕으로 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 하천의 수생태계 건강성에 영향을 미치는 환경적 인자들과의 관계성을 분석하여 수생태계 건강성이 '좋음'에 해당되는 하천으로 분류하고자 한다. 이를 통해 환경적 인자들의 임계값을 산출하여 하천 관리에 대한 구체적인 우선순위 설정 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 낙동강대권역을 대상으로 수질, 토지이용, 지리적 특성, 경관지수의 여러 변수 중 수생태계 건강성과의 관계에서 대표성을 나타낼 수 있는 환경적 인자를 선정하기 위하여 정준상관분석(CCA)을 수행하였다. 또한 모델 기반의 클러스터 분석을 활용하여 소권역별로 수생태계 건강성이 '좋음'에 해당할 확률을 파악하고, 여기에 해당하는 소권역에 대하여 각각의 환경적 인자에 대한 임계값을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 하천의 환경 인자들과의 관계를 분석하여 수생태계 건강성을 평가하고 하천 관리에 대한 구체적인 우선순위를 파악하는 방법을 제안한다. 주성분 분석 및 모델 기반 클러스터 분석을 사용하여 각 소권역에 대한 환경 인자의 임계값을 평가하고, 정책 결정자들이 하천의 건강성을 유지하고 개선할 수 있는 정보를 제공할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.73-83
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• 2004

경관생태지수는 녹지의 이질성(Heterogeneity)을 계량화하기 위하여 제안되고 발전되어 왔다. 지난 수십년간 많은 연구에서 경관생태지수가 광범위하게 사용되어 그 효용성이 인정되었지만, 경관생태지수의 사용에 따른 많은 문제점들이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 경관생태지수 사용에 따른 고려사항과 문제점들을 기존 연구들을 통해 고찰하고, 이를 기초로 적절한 응용방법을 제안하고자 하는 것으로, 지수의 문제점을 내재적인 문제들과 응용상의 문제들로 구분하여 논의하였다. 지수 자체의 내재적인 문제로는 녹지구조와 기능과의 관계, 녹지구조의 측정 및 대표, 그리고 지수들의 불안정성 등을 들 수 있으며, 응용상의 문제점들로는 지수 선택, 스케일 변화와 피복 분류과정에 개입된 문제, 해석상의 오류 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 문제들을 최소화하는 방안으로는 첫째, 가설에 입각한 연구가 필요하며, 둘째, 측정하고자 하는 녹지의 공간적 특성을 명확히 규정하여야 하고, 셋째, 변위가 예측 가능한 지수를 사용해야 하고, 넷째, GIS나 인공위성 자료의 축척을 변화시키지 말아야 하며, 마지막으로 다섯째, 피복분류 알고리즘을 사용하여 분류상 오류를 최소화해야 한다는 점이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.78-89
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to build fundamental data for the classification of landscape type as a base for landscape planning and management practices. To do this, prior dissertations and landscape plan reports were analyzed, which presented the classification criteria for landscape type. Based on this, classification criteria for landscape type which could be usable in zoning ordinances has been suggested. The result is as follows: Firstly, in landscape analysis and assessment study based on ecological and formal aesthetic models, landscape type is classified by the character of the landscape element. Secondly, there is no logical classification of landscapetype in urban landscape planning according to mixed use of landscape type for analysis and planning. It is therefore difficult to identify the object of landscape planning, which is intimately linked with the shortage of concrete practice for landscape management. In connection with this issue, classification criteria for landscape type are suggested based on utility in landscape planning. This could be divided into internal criteria and external criteria. The former are land-use, topographical characteristics, characteristics of the view object, and landscape elements while the latter are viewpoint, distance to view object, and urban form. Applying the landscape type classified by the criteria suggested in this paper, it is possible to manage an entire urban area. In addition, landscape type could be reference data for operating a zoning system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2009

This is a first and basic study for making Busan port more attractive. The study is intended to clear up the situation and problems of landscape of Busan port area from the viewpoint of landscape experts, citizen and visitors. To reach the goal an attitude comparative study has been conducted using a same questionnaire between landscape experts working in Busan city, Busan citizen and visitors to Busan port area. In questionnaire, firstly the situation of the whole landscape of Busan port area has been asked. The contents of questions on the situation of port landscape are satisfaction about port landscape, harmony between cityscape and portscape, images of portscape, effects of 25 portscape elements on portscape, problems of portscape, and ways of improving portscape. Secondly, each respondent has given answers freely on how to make Busan port area more attractive. As a result of this study there are several important differences of attitudes towards Busan portscape between experts, citizen and visitors. Especially there are some distinctive differences between attitudes of experts and citizen but the attitudes of citizen are similar to those of visitors. At the end of the study some proposals for making an improvement of Busan port landscape have been suggested on the basis of the results of this attitude comparative study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

This paper interprets the social and cultural significance of the "landscape" in North Korea by exploring the object and context of the text referring to the "landscape" in North Korean literature. To this end, the paper first classified the objects describing "landscapes" in serial publications and newspaper articles by types and grouped them according to trend. As a result, the social and cultural significance of the "landscape" in North Korea can be divided among "Projection Object of Orthodoxy", "Visuality extended to the City" and "Visible Socialist-Fairyland". First, in an article about Baekdusan (Mt. Baekdu), "landscape" was used as a medium to prove the legitimacy of the successor. Next, in the Kim Jong-Un regime, "landscape" was used as a word to describe the visual interactions by human economic activities. Finally, as a way to visualize the achievements in the landscape sector, a term for ranking landscapes such as "Socialist-Fairyland" was adopted during Kim Jong-Un's reign. This can be interpreted as one of the devices visualizing the "landscape" and is clearly distinguished from the past.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2011

Recent interests in the quality of urban space have raised awareness on the role and importance of landscape planning. Although laws and guidelines are officially ready to be imposed as for landscape planning, we do not have concrete materials that can be utilized in the course of practices. The aim of this paper in this regard is to disclose the possible difference in awareness on 'visual landscape control elements' among experts engaged with urban space planning. The expert groups are distinguished to three which are for a planning, design and engineering and the survey is made by questionnaires. The results are analyzed through basic technology statistics in SPSS and independent-sample t-test provided. The survey is done by tens of 'control elements' and the result is that specially, group 1 and group 2 in mixed landscape has the most discrepancy in awareness on those elements but relatively, they has less discrepancy in awareness on compare with other groups through all landscape area. In case of artificial landscape and mixed landscape in 'landscape controled area', the result for comparing between G1 and G2 is that there are the most discrepancy in awareness which are 7 control elements. In case of mixed landscape in 'landscape promoted area', there are 4 control elements for discrepancy in awareness between G2 and G3 which is quite different. The control elements which show the most discrepancy in awareness is height, floor space and building to land ratio in order. The shape elements has only discrepancy in awareness for comparing between G1 and G2 of artificial landscape in 'landscape controled area'. In terms of the average evaluation score of the appropriateness of these control elements, G1 seems to appreciate the role of these elements in systematic landscape planning more than the other group does. In other words, relatively low scores are given by G2 as for the overall functionality of visual landscape control elements. The texture, floor space and building of land ratio has low evaluation score for all area and types. It means that it should reverify for appropriateness of performance for landscape planning as visual landscape control elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to reflect on the results of the assessment and analysis of landscape planning projects according to planning phases in a landscape planning system based on landscape law. An assessment of the importance and performance of landscape planning elements by planning phases was studied by statistically descriptive analysis, variation analysis, statistical t-test and importance-performance analysis. As a result of the evaluation, the performance of existing landscape planning projects is 3.813 and the importance of planning elements is 5.648. This means that in spite of the importance of landscape planning elements, the performance of existing landscape planning projects is not sufficient to cover the importance of landscape planning elements. In addition, 'site landscape survey' and 'landscape design guideline' sections are not sufficient when they are compared to 'landscape concept plan' and 'landscape basic plan' to complete the landscape planning projects required by landscape law. It means also that the landscape survey and landscape design guidelines should be complementarily practiced in order to increase the effectiveness of landscape planning projects. As the research is practiced by survey methods on landscape planning projects which are only new development sites, the results cannot represent all types of landscape planning projects. Nevertheless, the results can be applied to new landscape planning at new development sites or old cities to increase effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop an exterior lighting design database system for building lighting design. This database system has been designed to work internet web service as a design tool for architect and architecture student who are not profession of lighting design. In this study, exterior lighting database system has been accumulated with rendering image of each building from and lighting projector placement.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.471-501
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• 2022

This study was carried out on 455 forest wetlands of south Korea for which an inventory was established through value evaluation and grade. Correlation analysis was conducted to find out the correlation between the types and grades of forest wetlands and 23 evaluation factors in four categories: vegetation and landscape, material circulation and hydraulics·hydrology, humanities and social landscape, and disturbance level. Through the improvement of types and grades of forest wetlands, it is possible to secure basic data that can be used in setting up conservation measures by preparing standards necessary for future forest wetland conservation and restoration, and to found a systematic monitoring system. First, between the type of forest wetland and size and accessibility showed a positive correlation, but the remaining items were analyzed to have negative or no correlation. In particular, it was found that there was no negative correlation or no correlation with the grades of forest wetland. Moreover, it was found that there was a very strong negative correlation with the weighted four category items. Thus, it is judged that improvement is necessary because there is an error in the weight or adjust the evaluation criteria of the value evaluation item, add an item that can increase objectivity. Especially, in the case of forest wetlands, the ecosystem service function due to biodiversity is the largest, so evaluation items should be improved in consideration of this. Therefore, it can be divided into five categories: uniqueness and rarity (15%), wildlife habitat (15%), vegetation and landscape (35%), material cycle·hydraulic hydrology (30%), and humanities and social landscape (5%). It will be possible to propose weights that can increase effectiveness.