• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.653-675
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• 2016

This study investigated when and how science gifted students decide their career planning. We used semi-structured survey and additional interviews from the students of Science High School in Daejeon area. We found 39.1% of science gifted students in 10th grade formed their career planning from their middle school periods. They had comparatively high levels of parenting support. The students chose their career fields based on their interests and aptitudes. However, some students were able to try and never give up with self confidence even when they had low scores, and teacher's reinforcements influenced positively. 71.3% of students thought that the grades take up the achievement of career development. Besides, the career programs which had specific purposes and directions were very effective by 33.3%~64.4%. Otherwise the effects were low as 2.3%~18.4%. Especially, R&E research programs didn't effect on students' career development and some students even frustrated with research. Based on the results, we need to reflect current career education and develop worthwhile career development programs for the science gifted students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2020

This study analyzes the results of applying the ISO19030 (hull and propeller performance monitoring method) standard to an actual 178 k bulk vessel. Recently, there have been many attempts to apply various energy reduction solutions to vessels to continuously strengthen GHG reduction regulations and secure maritime competitiveness. However, it is not easy to quantitatively analyze the performance of a ship. To resolve these problems, shipping companies, marine paint companies, ship owners, and transportation associations have appointed specialists and standardized the ISO19030 (standard of hull and propeller performance monitoring method) guidelines in 2016 after three years of continuous review. The ISO19030 standard provides methods to monitor hull and propeller performance quantitatively through standardized procedures, thus allowing ship managers to arrive at informed decisions for hull and propeller maintenance, and to evaluate energy-saving solutions and ship-maintenance efficiency. The ISO19030 standard provides a method of analyzing the ship's own performance by collecting the ship's operation and agency data and correcting its environmental and operating factors. In this paper, we apply the ISO19030 standard to three actual ships and propose the ISO19030 application result and the improvement point of the current ISO19030 standard.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.156-166
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• 2009

Residential land development projects are tending upwards recently. However, an indiscreet residential land development has tended to damage environment by destroying existing green lands and trees of target lands and generating many cut slopes with transformation of its topography. There are Prior Environmental Review(PER) for district designation and Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) before approval on development plans. PER is implemented after developing a residential land development plan and EIA is implemented after completing a detail design. As the result, many of residential land development projects are passive to reduce potential environmental problems on the designated sites. Object of this study is to construct an evaluation system on alternatives in the early step of site designation for implementing residential land development projects with environment-friendly and sustainable way. For this, alternative evaluation model is constructed by using Fuzzy Inference and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method based on Environmental Evaluation Factors of residential land development project, which are proposed in the precedent research. If a decision maker evaluates environment damage by ten-point method, the point is transformed Environmental Performance(EP) by Fuzzy Inference, and then, applying weight that is already calculated by AHP method, Total Environmental Performance(TEP) is calculated. After all, an alternative with the highest TEP is selected as the best one. Using this evaluation system, more than two alternatives of residential land development project site, which can hold location appropriateness in the early under undecided land use plan, can be evaluated quantitatively. As environmental damages, which can be generated by implementing a residential land development project, can be detected in the early step, environmental damages can be removed or reduced at the source.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.177-193
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• 2009

The assessment of patient status in palliative medicine is essential for determining treatments and for clinical outcomes. The objective of assessment tools is to raise the quality of care for individual patients and their families. There are a number of tools available to assess pain, non-pain symptoms and quality of life. The tools are either uni-dimensional or multi-dimensional measures. Unfortunately, however, no single tool is recommended to be a superior to others in symptoms or quality of life assessment. Therefore, to select an appropriate assessment tool, one should consider the time frame and unique characteristics of tools depending on purpose and setting. The combination of prognostic index is highly recommended in prognostication, and web-based prognostic tools are available. Recently, a new objective prognostic score has been constructed through multicenter study in Korea. It does not include clinicalestimates of survival, but includes new objective prognostic factors, therefore, anyone can easily use it. For beginners in palliative medicine, relatively easy-to-use tools would be convenient. We recommend Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status to assess functional status, numeric rating scale for pain assessment and the Korean version of brief pain inventory for initial pain assessment. Asking directly with numeric rating scale or the Korean version of MD Anderson Symptom Inventory would be desirable to assess various symptoms together. We think that European Organization Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 for Palliative Care is good to assess the quality of life, while Objective Prognostic Score is convenient as prognostic index for beginners.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2010

Recently, about 600 cases of marine accidents occur annually in Korea. According to many studies and analyses on occurrence of marine accidents, 70~80% of marine accidents were caused by human factors. Among the human factors, navigation officers' fatigue is very important factor. Although navigation officers' fatigue serves as an important role in marine accidents, there is no method to exactly examine the degree of officers' fatigue. Accordingly, this study analyzed human factors according to types of marine accidents and extracted important five factors affecting navigation officers' fatigue through the questionnaire survey by means of literatures and 5-point scale. In addition, evaluation factors of marine accident risks caused by fatigue factors were divided and structured by using ISM. Lastly, it found out the importance of each fatigue factor drawn by AHP and decided marine accidents that were most highly caused by navigation officers' fatigue in order. At the result, weights were high as sleep time 0.385, stress 0.302, health condition 0.139, rest time 0.099, alcohol and drug 0.074 in fatigue factors, and death and injury 0.328, collision 0.308, grounding 0.195, sinking 0.094, fire accident 0.075 in evaluation factors of marine accident risks. Therefore, the control plan to lower marine accident risks should be prepared on the basis of high weight factors.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.617-636
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• 2023

The goal of this study was to explain the phenomenon of making efforts to overcome the need-reality collision as a cultural characteristic of Koreans. Specifically, we examined whether the behavior varies depending on the degree of relational agency in the situation where conflicts between one's needs and reality have occurred. To this end, a total of 217 participants participated in the online experiment, and the data of 156 participants were finally analyzed. After responding to the relational agency scale, the participants were exposed to a decision-making scenario in which conflicting factors existed. The scenario were about buying a house and making a wedding hall contract, and in each scenario, two important values were set to conflict with each other in the market. Participants read the scenario and entered the level they wanted for each value. After that, they encounter a situation in which he or she has not found the candidate site corresponding to the level he or she wants. Then, the participants responded to their willingness to make additional efforts themselves. As a result of the study, the degree of relational agency of the participants showed a positive relationship with the degree of additional effort. In addition, the degree of the desired level beyond the reality (expectancy discrepancy) showed a nonlinear (reverse U-shape) influence on the additional effort while controlling for individual difference. Furthermore, the interaction effect between relational agency and expectancy discrepancy was significant. Specifically, individuals with low agency did not have a significant relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable, but individuals with high relational agency had a significant non-linear relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable. Based on the results of the study, the role and function of Koreans' psychological characteristics (relational agency) in the scene of managing needs-reality collision were discussed.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.153-168
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of tile study was to identify types of care needs of hospice patients and those from the family caregivers' perspective and to compare these two groups in reporting patients' care needs through Q-methodology. Methods: Twenty three Q-statements concerning care needs were selected through in-depth interviews of hospice patients. Data were collected from 20 hospice patients as well as 20 family caregivers respectively by sorting 23 Q-statements into 9 points standard. Data analysis was performed by using PC QUANL program. Results: Principal component analysis identified four types of care needs of the hospice patients. Overall, the accuracy of family caregiver reports was 48% in all types of care needs. Type 1 was named 'physical care needs type' for those whose greatest need was physical care to be free of pain and comfortable. The accuracy in Type 1 was 62.5%. Type 2 was named 'emotional care needs type' for those who would like to share love and intimacy with their family members. The accuracy in Type 2 was 20%. Type 3 was named 'spiritual care needs type' for those who would like to receive forgiveness from their God and prayers and visitation of clergy. The accuracy in Type 3 was 60%. Type 4 was named 'social care needs type' for those who would like to complete their ongoing work and to give service to others. The accuracy in Type 4 was 50%. Conclusion: There was a great difference between hospice patients and the family caregivers in reporting patients' care needs. Thus, hospice nurses need to educate family caregivers to more accurately assess patients' care needs.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Globally, the elderly population is increasing rapidly, which means that the number of deformity correction operations for elderly spine deformity patient has increased. On the other hand, for aged patients with deformity correction operation, preoperative considerations to reduce the complications and predict a good clinical outcome are not completely understood. First, medical comorbidity needs to be evaluated preoperatively with the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics or the Charlson Comorbidity Index scores. Medical comorbidities are associated with the postoperative complication rate. Managing these comorbidities preoperatively decreases the complications after a spine deformity correction operation. Second, bone densitometry need to be checked for osteoporosis. Many surgical techniques have been introduced to prevent the complications associated with posterior instrumentation for osteoporosis patients. The preoperative use of an osteogenesis inducing agent - teriparatide was also reported to reduce the complication rate. Third, total body sagittal alignment need to be considered. Many elderly spine deformity patients accompanied degenerative changes and deformities at their lower extremities. In addition, a compensation mechanism induces the deformed posture of the lower extremities. Recently, some authors introduced a parameter including total body sagittal alignment, which can predict the clinical outcome better than previous parameters limited to the spine or pelvis. As a result, total body sagittal alignment needs to be considered for elderly spine deformity patients after a deformity correction operation. In conclusion, for elderly spine deformity patients, medical comorbidities and osteoporosis need to be evaluated and managed preoperatively to reduce the complication rate. In addition, total body sagittal alignment needs to be considered, which is associated with better clinical outcomes than the previous parameters limited to the spine or pelvis.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.287-304
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate spatio-temporal variations of benthic environment and macrobenthic polychaete communities in Gamak Bay where excessive organic matters from untreated sewage effluents and fish and shellfish farming activities have been accumulated in certain regions. Such environmental variables as sediment composition, organic content, acid volatile sulfide and dissolved oxygen content etc. were measured and polychaete specimens were taken in September 1999 and February 2000. In September 1999, organic contents were up to three times higher in the northwestern part of the bay and the area closed to Gukdong harbor than in the rest of the bay. In particular, benthic environment of the northwestern part of the bay was extremely deteriorated by the occurrence of hypoxia and highly concentrated sulfide. Of 28 stations investigated in summer, 5 stations located in the northwestern part were azoic. In the rest of the stations, a total of 119 polychaete species were sampled with a mean density of 900 $ind./m^2$. While species richness was higher in the entrance and central part of the bay where water exchanges with open sea were relatively active, density was higher in the moderately enriched stations neighbouring Gukdong harbor and fish farms where such potential indicators of organic pollution as Aphelochaeta monilaris, Lumbrineris longifolia were largely dominant. In February 2000, a total of 81 polychaete species appeared with a mean density of 2,802 $ind./m^2$ from 12 stations sampled in winter. Azoic areas were recolonized by Capitella capitata, Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata and Dipolydora socialis which showed maximum density in the innermost station. On the other hand, the rest of the stations were dominated by Euchone alicaudata and Praxillella affinis. The configuration of the stations sampled in summer and winter on the multidimensional scaling plots reflected the position of each stations within the bay in which there were great differences in organic content, sulfide concentration and oxygen content rather than in sediment composition. Therefore, heterogeneities in polychaete community structure in Gamak Bay were primarily influenced by the degree of the disturbance depending on the position within the bay.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2014

A goal of Bizcool entrepreneurship education targeting on the youth falls on letting understand the process of starts-up, enhance entrepreneurship will and their business creativities rather than training trivial starts-up skills such as writing business plan for successful starts-up. The effects of education enable Bizcoo students to recognize rightly the concept of starts-up training and lead to spread out demand for entrepreneurship education. The feedback check-up for how entrepreneurship education affects students getting through of it is necessary and possible to bring its' improvement alternatives. Despite of such highlight, not many measuring tools and indexes of evaluating an effectiveness of entrepreneurship education are developed and studied up until. This research suggests for the optimal indexes for them. In specific, this research 49 the first question sets of evaluating an effectiveness of entrepreneurship education classified 3 large categories and 11 following sub categories each of them such as entrepreneurship orientation, creativity, entrepreneurship preparing activities etc,. representing embedding education effects though entrepreneurship education. This research carry out the empirical survey research utilizing driven question sets against 5 different Bizcools sampling 287 students. The survey research delivers the final 3 large categories and 8 following sub categories(Innovativeness, risk-taking, problem-solving potent, cooperative decision-making potent, efficient behavior capacity, data collecting potent, career search, starts-up search and preparation), and 38 measuring indexes by search and confirming factor analysis. This research never drop the confidence test over each indexes and obtain the proper figures. Last but not least, this research confirm the gap between starts-up club members and non members as to an effectiveness of entrepreneurship education and 9 different indexes.