• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the basic informations on the flowering habit, pollination patterns and seed setting in Astragalus membranaceus. The first flowering appeared at the 20-22 node on main stem and there is the indeterminate inflorescence that the flowering progress developed toward the tip of the main stem and also toward the tips of branches. According to the flowering time, the number of peduncles were increased in early of Aug. Then, the number of bearing pods and that of seed setting were increased at that time. The length of peduncles with small flower was 6.6-7.3cm, and the number of small flowers were 13-17 per peduncles. The percentage of seed setting was 30-45% per peduncles and seeds were 4.8-5.3 per pod in peduncles. On 30 days after pollination, the pod was developed with the length about 3.8cm and the width about 8mm and the seeds were 7.3per pod. According to pollination treatment, wrapping sotted no seeds and the artificial pollination sotted seeds . about 5% in late of jul. to late of Aug. but increased about 13% of seed set after early of Sep. in A. membranaceus.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.437-442
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• 2002

To breed high quality and yield peanut variety according to select the short flowering duration, fifteen germplasms (1 virginia,7 spanish,6 valencia types and var, Daekwang) were investigated the flowering habit and agronomic characteristics from 1998 to 1999. Emergence date of the selected short flowering duration germplasms (SPFGs) was earlier 1-3 days and middle or small seed than that of var, Daekwang. Main stem length was longer 57cm but the number of branches, pods, 100-seed weight, and pod weight per plant was reduced 25%, 23%, 42%, 46%, respectively, in SPFCs comparing to var, Daekwang. The flowering date in SPFGs was similar but the flowering duration was earlier 5-16 days than that of var, Daekwang (52 days). Varieties that flowered shorter duration than 50 days were 18.8% among the SPFGs. The number of total flowers in SPFGs was fewer 50% than that of var, Daekwang. The rate of flowering inhibition were 50-52% than that of var Daekwang. The frequencies of flowering duration (under 50 days) were 7.7% in virginia, 46.2% in spanish, 53.9% in valencia. The effect of shading treatment on rate of flowering inhibition were 11%, but number of branches and pods were reduced by 27-31% in valencia type compared to non-shade. Correlation coefficient was significant positively ($r=0.9314^*$ virginia, $r=0.9551^*$ spanish, $r=0.9551^*$ valencia) between the air temperature and flower number, The frequency of peg and pod number on 1st to 2nd nodes in SPFGs were more 3-12%, 21-26% than that of var. Daekwang. The rate of mature pods at 80 days after flowering were higher 12-17% than that of var, Daekwang (68%). Correlation coefficient was high significant negatively between date of first flower and flowering date, the ratio of mature pod.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2019

현대인의 생활수준의 향상에 따른 관상식물의 관심이 증가하여, 자생초화류를 활용하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 산꼬리풀[Veronica rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz.]은 국내 특산식물로서 산지의 초원에서 자생하고, 쪽빛을 내는 화기는 청아한 느낌을 주어 관화식물로서 이용가능성이 높다. 본 연구는 산꼬리풀의 분화 재배기술을 확립하고자 2018년 7월 2일부터 10월 15일까지 수행하였다. 대조구는 플라스틱 화분 10호에 원예상토를 충진한 다음 200구에 셀당 4립 파종하여 생산된 유묘를 정식하였다. 실험은 식재용기(플라스틱 8, 10, 12호 화분, 비닐포트 3, 4치), 토양종류[원예상토 단용, 중화 피트모스:펄라이트(3:1, 4:1), 마사토:중화 피트모스(2:1, 3:1)], 묘의 소질[파종립수(1, 2, 4, 6립), 파종용기(162, 200, 288구 트레이)] 등이 생육에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구의 결과, 식재용기에 따른 생육은 플라스틱 화분 12호에서 왕성하였고, 포트의 용적량이 클수록 경직경, 측지수, 마디수, 엽수, 개화율이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 토양종류에 따른 생육은 원예상토에서 가장 왕성하였고, 측지수, 경직경, 마디수, 엽수 및 개화율이 모두 우수하여 관상용 재배에 적합하였다. 피트모스 혼용토는 생육이 억제되는 동시에 잎이 황화되는 현상이 나타났다. 마사토 혼용토의 경우, 생육이 억제되는 결과를 보였다. 셀당 파종량을 달리한 유묘를 정식하여 재배한 결과, 초장, 절간장은 파종량이 증가할수록 감소하였고, 포트당 마디수와 엽수는 증가하였으나, 1립 파종묘를 제외하고 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 개화율은 4립 파종묘(44.4%)가 1, 2, 6립 파종묘(20.8~25.0%)보다 높았다. 육묘용기별 생육은 초기생육이 우수하였던 162구 생산묘가 정식 후 재배에도 왕성한 생육을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 산꼬리풀의 최적의 분화재배를 위해 플라스틱 화분 12호에 원예상토를 충진한 다음 162구 트레이에 포트당 엽수와 개화율이 높은 4립 파종하여 생산된 유묘를 정식하여 재배하는 것이 우수할 것으로 판단된다. 경제적 측면을 고려하여 토양은 비교적 생육이 양호하였던 마사토의 활용방안을 검토하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.67-70
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• 1979

The Aphidiae injury was 12.98％ on average with a range from 2.0％ to 33.3％. Seventeen percent of the 320 tested varieties were injured as much as 4-6％ and only 0.4％ of the tested varieties were damaged for more than 20％.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.9
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• pp.147-155
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• 1991

Effects of harvest date, number of the leaves remained on stump after flower cutting, duration of cold treatment on the growth and flowering of L. elegans 'Connecticut King' bulb were tested. Shoot emerging rate increased over 90% by delayed cold treatment, late harvesting time and more leaves remained. Flowering rate increased over 90% when conducted cold treatment of 90 days to the premature bulb at flowering date, the bulb matured for 50 days with 10 leaves and the bulb matured for over 30 days with 20 leaves, and when conducted cold treatment of 50 days to the bulb matured for over 30 days with all leaves. Delayed cold treatment duration shortened days needed to shoot emergence and flowering. Especially days to flower of the premature bulb at flowering date were the shortest of all treatments, and can be flowered within 100 days after planting. In generally, plant height, number of flowers per plant and stem diameter generally increased by longer bulb maturing period after flower cuting, and the premature bulb harvested at flowering date showed poor growing and flowering responses. But, if used the larger size bulb, it is believed that the prematured bulb can be forced to flower normally in current year without bulb maturing period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 1993

This study was carried out to ascertain the flowering and boiling habits in conditions of vinyl mulched cultivation. The effects of vinyl mulching cultivation in cotton was early flowering. The flowering period was no more than 26 days and shedding of flower bud was lower. The total boll setting rate to flower number was about 38%. The number of flowering plants was rapidly increased until Aug. 8, then later was decreased, the period of the highest flowering occured was for 5 days from Aug. 6 to Aug. 10. Boll setting was increased that the flowers opened before July 30, then the later flowers was tended to decrease belling in spite of the increased flowering. However flower bud shedding had a tendency to decrease after the highest boiling period. The effect of weather, max. temperature and hours of sunshine on flowering days were highly positive significant correlation. Minimum temperatures, high air humidity and amount of rainfall had a negative significant correlation. The demanded days to flowering on the same internode in each fruiting branches was taken average 1.2 days, these days among the fruiting branches of the same internode was 3.6 days.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Tilia amurensis is an important honey plant. As T. amurensis mainly distributes mountainous area with various elevations in Korea, accurate prediction of blooming time at the different elevation would benefit forest beekeepers. In this study, we measured time-dependent blooming progress of T. amurensis in Mt. Gariwang area ranging from 500-1500m. Additionally we collected blooming data from web and published literatures and estimated the variation of blooming time relative to the geographic locations. Flowers began to bloom from July 6 to July 22 with full blooming on July 14 in location where elevation is 638m in Mt. G ariwang area in 2021. Based on these databases, a growing degree day (G DD) model was developed for prediction of T. amurensis blooming progress using average daily temperatures. Using the starting date of G DD accumulation of January 1 and base temperature of 5 ℃, blooming period ranging from 10% to 90% of cumulative blooming rate was estimated as 860-1198 degree days (DD). This corresponded to the beginning to the end of July in Mt. Gariwaning area in 2021. This model could explain the phenological variations of T. amurensis flower blooming possibly affected by elevation within geographic area, latitude or year relative to the climate change, and aid forest beekeepers for better timing of nectar foraging by honey bees.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.436-441
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• 1985

The study was conducted to provide basic information to breeders and agronomists working with sesame. The grain weight and germinability were investigated for eight plant types classified by branching habit, capsules per axil, and carpels and loculi of a capsule. Two typical cultivars were chosen for each plant type among 527 gene pools. Dry weight of one thousand grains was increased rapidly from 25th to 35th day after flowering, and reached peak on 40th day after flowering in upper part capsules and 45th day after flowering in lower and middle part capsules, so that this period was considered to be of physiological maturity in each capsule bearing part. Side capsules on main stem and branch capsules were lighter than central ones of main stem, and upper capsules of four carpels eight loculi type decreased more seriously. BTB type demonstrated relatively better growth compared to the growth of BTQ type in one thousand grain weight. The maximum grain filling duration for germination percentage increased rapidly up to 40th day after flowering. Above 70% germinability was obtained from 40th day after flowering. Harvesting time of physiological maturity was considered to be 45th day after flowering with peaks of 2.14g of one thousand grain weight, 26% of grain water content and 90% of germinability.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2008

To determine an optimum harvest time for chinese milk vetch (CMV) seed production, the seeds were harvested at 4 times, according to 25, 30, 35, and 40 day after flowering (DAF), in Miryang, southern part of Korea. CMV plants were manually harvested at each time and seed threshing was done by rice threshing machine. Seed yield, 1,000-seed weight, germinability, and hard coat ratio were investigated. Seed yield was the highest, 53.9 kg/300 kg by dry weight (DW) of CMV plant, at 35 DAF. 1,000-seed weight increased according to seed harvest time from 25 DAF to 40 DAF when it was 3.10 g. The germination ratios of seeds harvested at 4 times were not significantly different when the seeds stored until August 1. In case of long period of CMV seeds stored, the seeds harvested later showed higher germination rate. On the other hand, because the hard coat ratio causing germination inhibition was declined with an increase of storage period, it was higher in the seeds harvested later. There was no difference among the seeds harvested at 4 times at October 1. In conclusion, it was presumed that an optimum harvest time for CMV seed production should be at 35 DAF considering seed yield, weight and germinability.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2010

To develop Korean native lilies as mini-potted plants, the effects of plant growth retardants on inhibiting stem elongation and improving flowering rate were evaluated. Bulblets of Lilium concolor var. parthneion (5-7 g) and L. dauricum (3-4 g fresh wt) derived from in vitro culture and then enlarged by field culture were applied with 0, 25, 50, or $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol, diniconazole, and uniconazole through bulb dipping, foliar spray, and drench. In L. concolor var. parthneion, uniconazole dipping most effectively reduced plant height by 60.7-78.3% depending on concentration compared with control without decreasing flowering percentage. In L. dauricum, dipping into diniconazole solution significantly retarded the plant height by 70.0-86.3% and improved flowering percentage by 8.3-18.2% compared to control of 0%. Drench of $25-50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol was also effective on inhibition of stem elongation and improvement of flowering rate. Therefore, dipping into $50-100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ uniconazole solution in L. concolor var. parthneion and dipping into $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole solutions or drench of $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol in L. dauricum can be useful to produce the mini-potted plants.