• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.284-289
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• 2002

The effects of Okcheonsan powder on the body weights, the organ weights, the blood glucose level, the lipid and protein concentrations of serum and liver in diabetic rats were studied. Female rats (Sprague-Dawley, mean weight 313.6$\pm$18.5 g) were randomly assigned to one normal and two diabetic groups. They were fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. The diabetic groups were divided into the diabetic control (D-control group) and 3% Ok-cheonsan groups (D-Okcheonsan group). Rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. The body weights, the concentrations of total lipid and triglyceride of liver, the concentrations of total protein and albumin of serum in tole D-control and the D-Okcheonsan groups were significantly decreased compared with those in the normal group. The pancreatic weight in the D-control group was significantly more increased than that in the D-Okcheonsan group, but in the D-Okcheonsan group it was similar to that in the normal group. The fasting blood glucose levels and the atherogenic index in all the diabetic groups were significantly higher than those in the normal group. The concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of serum, and the cholesterol of fiver in the D-Okcheonsan group were significantly lower than those in the D-control group. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholestrol/total cholesterol ratio of serum were similar to those in all the groups. The concentrations of phospholipid of serum and liver in the D-Okcheonsan group were significantly decreased compared with those of the normal group, In conclusion, the Okcheonsan powder feeding could decrease the pancreatic weight, the concentrations of the triglyceride, the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of serum, and the cholesterol of liver in the diabetic rats. But the concentrations of the blood glucose, the hepatic triglyceride and the atherogenic index seems to be not affected by it.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

The preventive actions of methanol extracts from Ribes diacanthum Pall. (RDP) against high blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice were investigated. ICR mice (male, 8 wks) were divided into four experimental groups: a normal group (N), an alloxan-induced group (control), a RDP 1 mg/kg b.w./day + alloxan group (RDP-1) and a RDP 3 mg/kg b.w./day + alloxan group (RDP-2). Mice were fed RDP extracts for 14 days and then a diabetic condition induced by injecting alloxan (50 mg/kg b.w. i.v.). The total phenolic contents of RDP were 0.508 mg/g. Plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in RDP groups (RDP+alloxan) than the control (alloxan-induced diabetic group). In an oral glucose tolerance test, the glucose levels of RDP extract groups were significantly decreased compared to the control group. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen in serum were lower in the RDP groups than the control group, whereas levels of HDL-cholesterol showed no difference between treatment groups. We conclude that RDP extracts positively influence blood glucose levels in diabetic mice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.640-650
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• 2020

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an atypical member of the FGF protein family which is highly synthesized in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue. Depending on the expression tissue, FGF21 uses endo- or paracrine features to regulate several metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. Different physiologically stressful conditions such as starvation, a ketogenic diet, extreme cold, and mitochondrial dysfunction are known to induce FGF21 synthesis in various tissues to exert either adaptive or defensive mechanisms. More specifically, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha control FGF21 expression in adipose tissue and liver, respectively. In addition, the pharmacologic administration of FGF21 has been reported to decrease the body weight and improve the insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein profiles of obese mice and type 2 diabetes patients meaning that FGF21 has attracted huge interest as a therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, understanding FGF21 remains complicated due to the paradoxical condition of its tissue-dependent expression. For example, nutrient deprivation largely increases hepatic FGF21 levels whereas adipose tissue-derived FGF21 is increased under feeding condition. This review discusses the issues of interest that have arisen from existing publications, including the tissue-specific function of FGF21 and its action mechanism. We also summarize the current stage of a clinical trial using several FGF21 analogs.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal of this study was to review the clinicopathologic characteristics of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the stomach. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 13 patients who were diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumor from January 1999 to August 2007 at Kosin Medical Center; 4,159 gastric cancer patients were treated surgically during the same time. The average follow up period was 14.3 months. Results: The majority of 13 patients were men (male-female ratio: 11:2) and the average age of patients with NET was 59.4 years (range: 42~72 years). The presenting symptoms were mostly epigastric pain and soreness. The tumor was limited to the mucosa or submucosa in two cases, and the tumor extended beyond the muscle layer in 11 cases. The mean size of the tumor was 7.0 cm, ranging from 0.7 cm to 15 cm. The type of the NEC (according to the WHO classification) was type 3 for eight patients, type 4 for four patients and type 1 for one patient. Regional lymph node metastasis was noted in 11 patients. Four cases showed recurrence of disease and the site of recurrence included liver in two patients, multiple organs (including the peritoneum and lung) in one patient and multiple organs (including liver, pancreas and duodenum) in one patient. The recurrent cases were type 3 and type 4 and the average survival period of the recurrent patients was 12.8 months. Conclusion: The majority of neuroendocrine tumors of the stomach were at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. These tumors frequently recurred in the liver and they have a poor prognosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.157-166
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• 2014

Purpose: Rice bran is a byproduct of the hulling of rice and contains a variety of bioactive components. Various studies have reported on the antioxidative, anticancer, immune-enhancing, and hypocholesterolemic effects of rice bran. However, few studies about the physiological activity of stabilized rice bran supplement on dietary intake of sugars is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stabilized rice bran supplement on blood glucose in C57BL/6 mice fed a high sucrose diet. Methods: Animals were randomly divided into three groups respectively, and were fed a normal diet (ND group), a high sucrose diet (HSD group) or a high sucrose diet containing 20% stabilized rice bran (HSD-SRB group) for 12 weeks. Results: In the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), after seven weeks of feeding on the experimental diets, a significantly lower result was observed for HSD-SRB than for HSD at 30 and 60 minutes after oral administration in glucose solution (2 g/kg body weight). The incremental area under the curve (IAUC) of HSD-SRB was significantly lower than that of HSD. After 12 weeks, fasting blood glucose level of HSD-SRB was significantly lower than that of HSD. No significant difference in the serum insulin level was observed between HSD and HSD-SRB. However, HOMA-IR was significantly decreased in HSD-SRB compared to HSD. In addition, HOMA ${\beta}$-cell was significantly increased in HSD-SRB compared to HSD. Triglyceride in liver of HSD-SRB was significantly lower than that of HSD. Conclusion: Feeding diets containing 20% rice bran improved insulin resistance and insulin secretion by decreasing triglyceride in liver. Thus, rice bran has a positive effect on glycemic control. In addition, the results are expected to be utilized as a basis for human study and development of food products with added rice bran.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.131-135
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• 2010

Unidentified viral disease with high mortalities has been recorded consistently since 1998 in cultured carp Cyprinus carpio in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the histopathological characteristics of the diseased carp to evaluate the relatedness to koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). Histopathogical examination revealed severe necrotic changes and vacuous cells in the kidney, spleen, liver, pancreas, heart and intestine, but eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion, a typical characteristic of KHV infection was not detected. These results suggest that KHVD may be not a cause for the high mortality occurring among cultured carp in Korea and possibly other unknown viral disease could are related.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find out concentration of trace metal, survival rate, falling rate and structural changes of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai exposed to nickel chloride. Experimental groups were composed of one control condition and four nickel chloride exposure conditions (7.0, 12.0, 17.0 and $22.0\;NiCl_2\;mg/L$). The concentration of nickel in abalone was significantly increased all exposure groups. Though the exposure groups had lower survival rate than the control group, falling rate higher than the control group. Histopathological changes in the foot, gill and hepatopancreas of abalone was revealed prominently with exposure group than control group.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.30-38
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• 2008

Objectives: The main goals of cancer treatment are improvement of quality of life and survival prolongation. There is a limitation to prolonging the survival time in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer patients who visited for traditional Korean cancer treatment. Methods: We evaluated the quality of life of 23 hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer patients who visited for oriental medicine treatment at East-West Neo Medical Center from June to October of 2007. FACT-G (Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-General), used in this study, is a scale for evaluation of QOL confirmed validity and reliability, popularly used in many countries to evaluate QOL of cancer patients. Results: The average age of enrolled patients was 57. There were 10 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 7 pancreatic cancer patients, 6 biliary tract cancer patients. Twenty one patients were in stage IV and 20 patients had distant metastases. By Sasang constitution, Taeumin were 7, Soyangin were 8, and Soeumuin were 8. The baselines of FACT-G score in the first visit were from 34.33 to 85, and the mean score was 67.3. The mean score of FACT-G in hepatocellular carcinoma patients was 67.5, that of pancreatic cancer patients was 62.5, and that of biliary tract cancer patients was 71. Conclusions: This study is valuable as an initial QOL study of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer patients who visited an oriental medical clinic. We believe that consistent studies will be necessary to demonstrate oriental treatment-related quality of life with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2003

The effect on kidney, gill, and hepatopancreas of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated by histological method under limit concentration of effulent of PCBs for 60 days. The free surface of epithelial cell layer in the renal tubules of kidney showed a strong positive reaction in alcian blue during all exposure period. There were also observed swelling of hemocyte in glomerulus and macrophage. At 60 days after exposure, epithelium of the renal tubules was fused and some of organism $(20\%)$ showed damage of glomerulus and eosinophlic cell in epithelium of the renal tubules. The phenomena such as the activation and increase of the chloride cell, and swelling of hemocyte in the capillary of gill were observed during all exposure period. At 60 days after exposure, swelling of the gill filament and mucous cell appeared in gill and some of organism $(30\%)$ showed swelling of the gill lamellar. Swelling of hemocyte in the capillary of hepatopancreas was observed and the free surface of epithelial layer of the bile duct showed positive reaction in alcian blue during all exposure period. Degenerated zymogen in the pancreas and swelling of the hepatocyte were occurred at 60 days after exposure.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2015

This study was conducted to find out concentration of trace metal, survival rate, falling rate and structural changes of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai exposed to zinc chloride. Experimental groups were composed of one control condition and four exposure conditions (0.3, 0.8, 1.3, $1.8\;ZnCl_2\;mg/L$). The accumulation of trace metal (zinc) in abalone was significantly increased all exposure group. Though the exposure groups had lower survival rate than the control group, higher falling rate than the control group. Histopathological changes in the foot, gill and hepatopancreas of abalone revealed obvious with exposure group than control group.