Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of stabilized rice bran-added high sucrose diet on glucose control in C57BL/6 mice

안정화미강을 첨가한 고서당식이 섭취가 C57BL/6 mice의 혈당조절에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Seung-Min (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Shin, Mal-Shick (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Heo, Young-Ran (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University)
  • 이승민 (전남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 신말식 (전남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 허영란 (전남대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2014.05.30
  • Accepted : 2014.06.23
  • Published : 2014.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: Rice bran is a byproduct of the hulling of rice and contains a variety of bioactive components. Various studies have reported on the antioxidative, anticancer, immune-enhancing, and hypocholesterolemic effects of rice bran. However, few studies about the physiological activity of stabilized rice bran supplement on dietary intake of sugars is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stabilized rice bran supplement on blood glucose in C57BL/6 mice fed a high sucrose diet. Methods: Animals were randomly divided into three groups respectively, and were fed a normal diet (ND group), a high sucrose diet (HSD group) or a high sucrose diet containing 20% stabilized rice bran (HSD-SRB group) for 12 weeks. Results: In the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), after seven weeks of feeding on the experimental diets, a significantly lower result was observed for HSD-SRB than for HSD at 30 and 60 minutes after oral administration in glucose solution (2 g/kg body weight). The incremental area under the curve (IAUC) of HSD-SRB was significantly lower than that of HSD. After 12 weeks, fasting blood glucose level of HSD-SRB was significantly lower than that of HSD. No significant difference in the serum insulin level was observed between HSD and HSD-SRB. However, HOMA-IR was significantly decreased in HSD-SRB compared to HSD. In addition, HOMA ${\beta}$-cell was significantly increased in HSD-SRB compared to HSD. Triglyceride in liver of HSD-SRB was significantly lower than that of HSD. Conclusion: Feeding diets containing 20% rice bran improved insulin resistance and insulin secretion by decreasing triglyceride in liver. Thus, rice bran has a positive effect on glycemic control. In addition, the results are expected to be utilized as a basis for human study and development of food products with added rice bran.

본 연구는 고서당식이에 첨가된 안정화미강이 혈당조절에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하여 향후 안정화미강 첨가 식품을 인체실험에 적용하는데 기초자료로서 이용되고자 하였다. 4주령의 수컷 C57BL/6 mice를 정상식이 대조군 (ND), 고서당식이 대조군 (HSD), 안정화미강 첨가 식이군 (HSD-SRB)으로 배정하였다. 안정화미강 첨가 식이는 선행연구에 근거하여 식이 중량의 20%로 설정하였다. 12주 동안 식이 섭취 후 혈당, 혈청 인슐린, 간 조직의 글리코겐, 혈청 아디포넥틴, 혈청 및 간 조직의 중성지방을 측정하였다. 그 결과 HSD군에 비해 HSD-SRB군에서 체중 및 부고환지방 무게를 감소하는 경향이 있었고 공복혈당과 혈당반응곡선면적을 감소하였다. 또한 안정화미강 첨가 식이를 섭취하였을 때 혈청 및 간의 중성지방 농도가 감소됨에 따라 인슐린 저항성과 췌장의 베타세포 기능을 개선한 것으로 제안한다. 이로써 고서당식이에 안정화미강을 20% 첨가하였을 때 혈당조절 개선효과 가능성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 향후 안정화미강을 첨가한 건강 지향적인 제품 개발과 이 제품을 인체에 적용하기 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Nguyen S, Choi HK, Lustig RH, Hsu CY. Sugar-sweetened beverages, serum uric acid, and blood pressure in adolescents. J Pediatr 2009; 154(6): 807-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.015
  2. James J, Kerr D. Prevention of childhood obesity by reducing soft drinks. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29 Suppl 2: S54-S57. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803062
  3. Laaksonen DE, Toppinen LK, Juntunen KS, Autio K, Liukkonen KH, Poutanen KS, Niskanen L, Mykkanen HM. Dietary carbohydrate modification enhances insulin secretion in persons with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82(6): 1218-1227.
  4. Moynihan P. The interrelationship between diet and oral health. Proc Nutr Soc 2005; 64(4): 571-580. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2005431
  5. Gross MD. Effect of sucrose on hyperkinetic children. Pediatrics 1984; 74(5): 876-878.
  6. Lombardo YB, Drago S, Chicco A, Fainstein-Day P, Gutman R, Gagliardino JJ, Gomez Dumm CL. Long-term administration of a sucrose-rich diet to normal rats: relationship between metabolic and hormonal profiles and morphological changes in the endocrine pancreas. Metabolism 1996; 45(12): 1527-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90183-3
  7. Oliveira LS, Santos DA, Barbosa-da-Silva S, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. The inflammatory profile and liver damage of a sucrose-rich diet in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25(2): 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.006
  8. Saunders RM. The properties of rice bran as a foodstuff. Cereal Foods World 1990; 35(7): 632, 634-636.
  9. Ha TY, Ko SN, Lee SM, Kim HR, Chung SH, Kim SR, Yoon HH, Kim IH. Changes in nutraceutical lipid components of rice at different degrees of milling. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2006; 108(3): 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200500250
  10. Kim SR, Ahn JY, Lee HY, Ha TY. Various properties and phenolic acid contents of rices and rice brans with different milling fractions. Korean J Food Sci Technol 2004; 36(6): 930-936.
  11. Ishitani A, inventor; Kokai Tokkyo Koho, assignee. Oryzanol antioxidant for food. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 80, 50, 094. 1980. (C.A.-93:112560).
  12. Newman RK, Betschart AA, Newman CW, Hofer PJ. Effect of full-fat or defatted rice bran on serum cholesterol. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1992; 42(1): 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02196071
  13. Kim SM. Effects of rice bran and phytic acid supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice [dissertation]. Daegu: Kyungpook National University; 2010.
  14. Park TS, Lee SY, Kim HJ, Kim KT, Kim YJ, Jeong I, Do WN, Lee HJ. Extracts of adlay, barley and rice bran have antioxidant activity and modulate fatty acid metabolism in adipocytes. Korean J Food Nutr 2009; 22(3): 456-462.
  15. Justo ML, Candiracci M, Dantas AP, de Sotomayor MA, Parrado J, Vila E, Herrera MD, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R. Rice bran enzymatic extract restores endothelial function and vascular contractility in obese rats by reducing vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24(8): 1453-1461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.12.004
  16. Choi HI, Ye EJ, Kim SJ, Bae MJ, Yee ST, Park EJ, Park EM. Anticancer (in vitro) and antiallergy effects of rice bran extracts. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2006; 35(10): 1297-1303. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.10.1297
  17. Kim YH, Kang CS, Lee YS. Quantification of tocopherol and tocotrienol content in rice bran by near infrated reflectance spectroscopy. Korean J Crop Sci 2004; 49(3): 211-215.
  18. Kim WJ. Quality and antioxidative activity of Garaedduk prepared with stabilized rice bran and rice flours by semi-dry milling [dissertation]. Gwangju: Chonnam National University; 2013.
  19. Jang KH. Effect of rice bran on the confectionery and bakery quality [dissertation]. Kyeongsan: Yeungnam University; 2010.
  20. Jin HJ, Lee SS. Effect of rice bran dietary fiber level on serum lipid concentration, bowel function, and mineral absorption in rats. Korean J Food Nutr 2011; 24(4): 622-629. https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2011.24.4.622
  21. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and ${\beta}$-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28(7): 412-419. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280883
  22. Lo S, Russell JC, Taylor AW. Determination of glycogen in small tissue samples. J Appl Physiol 1970; 28(2): 234-236. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1970.28.2.234
  23. Yang M, Wang C, Chen H. Green, oolong and black tea extracts modulate lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia rats fed high-sucrose diet. J Nutr Biochem 2001; 12(1): 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(00)00140-6
  24. Kanazawa M, Xue CY, Kageyama H, Suzuki E, Ito R, Namba Y, Osaka T, Kimura S, Inoue S. Effects of a high-sucrose diet on body weight, plasma triglycerides, and stress tolerance. Nutr Rev 2003; 61(5 Pt 2): S27-S33. https://doi.org/10.1301/nr.2003.may.S27-S33
  25. Madero M, Arriaga JC, Jalal D, Rivard C, McFann K, Perez-Mendez O, Vazquez A, Ruiz A, Lanaspa MA, Jimenez CR, Johnson RJ, Lozada LG. The effect of two energy-restricted diets, a lowfructose diet versus a moderate natural fructose diet, on weight loss and metabolic syndrome parameters: a randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2011; 60(11): 1551-1559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.04.001
  26. Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Mirrahimi A, Yu ME, Carleton AJ, Beyene J, Chiavaroli L, Di Buono M, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA, Wolever TM, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ. Effect of fructose on body weight in controlled feeding trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156(4): 291-304. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00007
  27. Ha TY, Lee SH, Lee HY. The effect of various rice bran extracts on the lipid contents of serum and liver in rat fed with high fat diet. Korean J Food Sci Technol 1997; 29(1): 178-182.
  28. Anderson JW, Jones AE, Riddell-Mason S. Ten different dietary fibers have significantly different effects on serum and liver lipids of cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr 1994; 124(1): 78-83.
  29. Yu JR. Effect of rice bran protein on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet [dissertation]. Yongin: Yongin University; 2013.
  30. Borkan GA, Hults DE, Gerzof SG, Robbins AH, Silbert CK. Age changes in body composition revealed by computed tomography. J Gerontol 1983; 38(6): 673-677. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/38.6.673
  31. Gutman RA, Basilico MZ, Bernal CA, Chicco A, Lombardo YB. Long-term hypertriglyceridemia and glucose intolerance in rats fed chronically an isocaloric sucrose-rich diet. Metabolism 1987; 36(11): 1013-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(87)90019-9
  32. Wang Y, Lam KS, Yau MH, Xu A. Post-translational modifications of adiponectin: mechanisms and functional implications. Biochem J 2008; 409(3): 623-633. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20071492
  33. Kamari Y, Grossman E, Oron-Herman M, Peleg E, Shabtay Z, Shamiss A, Sharabi Y. Metabolic stress with a high carbohydrate diet increases adiponectin levels. Horm Metab Res 2007; 39(5): 384-388. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-976534
  34. Tan HY, Rand JS, Morton JM, Fleeman LM, Armstrong PJ, Coradini M, Ishioka K, Verkest KR, Richards AA, Rawlings JM, Rose FJ, Whitehead JP. Adiponectin profiles are affected by chronic and acute changes in carbohydrate intake in healthy cats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 172(3): 468-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.04.012
  35. Fuente-Martin E, Garcia-Caceres C, Granado M, Sanchez-Garrido MA, Tena-Sempere M, Frago LM, Argente J, Chowen JA. Early postnatal overnutrition increases adipose tissue accrual in response to a sucrose-enriched diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302(12): E1586-E1598. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00618.2011
  36. Carvalho CR, Bueno AA, Mattos AM, Biz C, de Oliveira C, Pisani LP, Ribeiro EB, do Nascimento CM, Oyama LM. Fructose alters adiponectin, haptoglobin and angiotensinogen gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 2010; 30(9): 644-649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2010.06.012
  37. Siddiqui S, Rashid Khan M, Siddiqui WA. Comparative hypoglycemic and nephroprotective effects of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil and rice bran oil against hyperglycemia induced nephropathy in type 1 diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188(3): 651-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2010.08.010
  38. Bharti SK, Kumar A, Sharma NK, Prakash O, Jaiswal SK, Krishnan S, Gupta AK, Kumar A. Tocopherol from seeds of Cucurbita pepo against diabetes: validation by in vivo experiments supported by computational docking. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 112 (11): 676-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2013.08.003
  39. Torsdottir I, Alpsten M, Holm G, Sandberg AS, Tolli J. A small dose of soluble alginate-fiber affects postprandial glycemia and gastric emptying in humans with diabetes. J Nutr 1991; 121(6): 795-799. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.6.795
  40. Pastors JG, Blaisdell PW, Balm TK, Asplin CM, Pohl SL. Psyllium fiber reduces rise in postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53(6): 1431-1435. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/53.6.1431
  41. Lee HS. Choi MS, Lee YK, Park SH, Kim YJ. A study on the development of high-fiber supplements for the diabetic patients: effect of seaweed supplementation on the lipid and glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Nutr 1996; 29(3): 296-306.
  42. Swanson JE, Laine DC, Thomas W, Bantle JP. Metabolic effects of dietary fructose in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55 (4): 851-856. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/55.4.851
  43. Kuhlow D, Zarse K, Voigt A, Schulz TJ, Petzke KJ, Schomburg L, Pfeiffer AF, Ristow M. Opposing effects of dietary sugar and saturated fat on cardiovascular risk factors and glucose metabolism in mitochondrially impaired mice. Eur J Nutr 2010; 49(7): 417-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-010-0100-4
  44. Sidossis LS, Stuart CA, Shulman GI, Lopaschuk GD, Wolfe RR. Glucose plus insulin regulate fat oxidation by controlling the rate of fatty acid entry into the mitochondria. J Clin Invest 1996; 98 (10): 2244-2250. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119034
  45. Mittendorfer B, Sidossis LS. Mechanism for the increase in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations after consumption of shortterm, high-carbohydrate diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73(5): 892-899.
  46. Shindo N, Fujisawa T, Sugimoto K, Nojima K, Oze-Fukai A, Yoshikawa Y, Wang X, Yasuda O, Ikegami H, Rakugi H. Involvement of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in novel spontaneous mouse model. J Hepatol 2010; 52(6): 903-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2009.12.033
  47. Fraulob JC, Ogg-Diamantino R, Fernandes-Santos C, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. A mouse model of metabolic syndrome: insulin resistance, fatty liver and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease (NAFPD) in C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 46(3): 212-223. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.09-83
  48. Aguila MB, Fernandes-Santos C, Pinheiro-Mulder AR, Faria TS, Mandarim-De-Lacerda CA. Hepatic insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In: Moliere J, Gauthier L, editors. Insulin resistance: symptoms, causes, and treatment. Hauppauge (NY): Nova Science; 2010. p.1-44.
  49. Ausman LM, Rong N, Nicolosi RJ. Hypocholesterolemic effect of physically refined rice bran oil: studies of cholesterol metabolism and early atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16(9): 521-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.012