• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.475-492
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• 1993

The effect of synthetic bone materials was assessed in the patients with pure periodontal class II and III furcation defects. The buccal aspects of the maxillary and mandilular first and second molars were surgically exposed, and synthetic bone materials were interposed between the gingival flap and the furcation defects in the experimental group. The control group were treated without the use of synthetic bone materials by same operator. Probing pocket depth, gingival recession, and loss of attachment, were measured by Michigan O-probe and tooth mobility was evaluated by an electronic mobility tester(Periotest(R), Siemens co. Germany) at preoperation and 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperation. Standardized radiogrphs were taken at preoperation and 6-month and 12-month postoperation. The postoperative change of clinical parameters and the difference between experimental group and control group were statistically analyzed by Student, t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The probing pocket depth at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative examination was significantly decreased, compared to that at preoperative examination in both experimental group and control group(P<0.005), but there was no significantly difference between experimental group and control group. 2. The amount of gingival recession at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative examination was increased, compared to that at the preoperative examination in both experimental and control group(P<0.005). In the case of the class III furcation involvement, the amount of gingival recession at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative examination was more significantly increased in control group than experimental group(P<0.05). 3. The amount of loss of attachment at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative examination was significantly decreased, compared to that at the preoperative examination in both experimental and control group in the case of class II furcation involvement, and in experimental group only in the case of furcation III involvement(P<0.005). The amount of loss of attachment at, the 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative examination was more significantly decreased in experimental group than control group in the case of the class III furcation involvement(P<0.05), but in the case of class II furcation involvement there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 4. The tooth mobility at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative examination was significantly decreased, compared to that at the preoperative examination in both experimental and control group(P<0.005), but there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 5. Radiopacity of furcation area was greatly increased in the experiment group, but there was no radiographic change in the control group.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2014

본 연구는 어린이집 통학버스 운전자의 안전의식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 대전, 충 남북 지역의 어린이집에서 통학버스를 운전하는 어린이집 원장과 지입형태의 운전자 276명을 조사대상자로 하였다. 자료분석을 위하여 PASW Statistics 18.0을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어린이집 원장과 지입형태 운전자의 안전의식 수준은 각각 6.46(SD=1.65)과 6.82(SD=1.75)로 나타나 지입형태의 운전자가 유의미하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(t=1.958, p<.05). 둘째, 조사대상자의 안전의식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 각 집단별로 크게 다른 것으로 나타났다. 어린이집 원장의 안전의식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 사고 경험 유무, 감각추구성향, 안전지향동기, 보호자 등의 안전의식, 지각-운동기술 순으로 나타났다. 반면에, 지입형태의 운전자의 안전의식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 안전지향동기, 건강상태, 일일 운전시간, 경제상태, 보호자 등의 안전의식 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과에 기초하여 어린이집 통학버스 운전자의 안전의식을 향상하고, 교통사고를 방지할 수 있는 몇 가지의 실질적인 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.346-349
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• 2015

Objective : To investigate the value of lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in fracture risk assessment (FRAX) tool. Methods : One hundred and ten patients aged over 60 years were enrolled and divided into 2 groups as non-osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) and OVF groups. The 10-year-risk of major osteoporotic vertebral fracture of each group was calculated by FRAX tool with femoral and lumbar spine BMDs to compare the usefulness of lumbar spine BMD in prediction of OVF. The blood level of osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) as markers of activities of osteoblast and osteoclast, respectively were analyzed using the institutional database. Results : In the OVF group, the ratio of patients with previous fracture history or use of glucocorticoid was higher than those in non-OVF group (p=0.000 and 0.030, respectively). The levels of T-score of femur neck and lumbar spine in OVF group were significantly lower than those in non-OVF group (p=0.001 and 0.000, respectively). The risk of OVF in FRAX using femur BMD in non-OVF and OVF groups was $6.7{\pm}6.13$ and $11.4{\pm}10.06$, respectively (p=0.007). The risk of using lumbar BMD in the 2 groups was $6.9{\pm}8.91$ and $15.1{\pm}15.08$, respectively (p=0.002). The areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve in the FRAX risk with lumbar and femur neck BMD were 0.726 and 0.684, respectively. The comparison of osteocalcin and CTX was not significant (p=0.162 and 0.369, respectively). Conclusion : In our study, the 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fracture in the OVF group of our study was lower than the recommended threshold of intervention for osteoporosis. Hence, a lower threshold for the treatment of osteoporosis may be set for the Korean population to prevent OVF. In the prediction of symptomatic OVF, FRAX tool using lumbar spine BMD may be more useful than that using femur neck BMD.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2022

The study was aimed to investigate the operational meal costs by kindergarten size in Seoul and to analyze recognition for optimal meal prices. A survey (31.6% recovery rate) was conducted on all kindergartens (779 kindergartens) in Seoul on April 2021 using descriptive analysis, t-test, and dispersion method. A price sensitivity measurement (psm) method was used to determine optimal meal prices. Result showed an average food cost for kindergartens of 2,647 won, an average labor cost of 605 won, an average operating cost of 146 won, and the total meal cost of 3,506 won. Total meal cost decreased with increasing kindergarten size (p<0.001). On the other hand, kindergartens with more students decreased the ratio of food cost to total meal cost, and operating cost and labor costs (p<0.001) increased. The optimal price of kindergarten operators' meal cost (OPP) was KRW 3,673. Furthermore, the analysis showed the sensitivity of operators' meal costs to kindergarten size was insignificant.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2003

Face-bow is used to transfer models to the articulator in diagnosing the patient or treating problems associated with occlusion. However, there have been few reports on the reliability of the face-bow procedure and the relationship between the experience of the operator and the reliability of the face-bow procedure. The purposes of this study are to examine the reliability of the face-bow procedure and to evaluate whether the face-bow transferring has any training effect. Nine dentists working at M hospital conducted a face-bow transfer in one patient having a normal dentition and interdental relationship. The procedure was done two times a week for four weeks. The maxillary model was mounted to the articulator every time, then the landmarks on the maxillary right first molar, the maxillary left central incisor, and the maxillary left first molar were measured with a special three-dimensional instrument. These data were input into a computer, and evaluated statistically. The results were as follows ; 1. When examined with ANOVA test, the results were p=0.2040 in maxillary right first molar, p=0.0578 in maxillary left incisor, and p=0.1433 in maxillary left first molar. There was no significant(0< $p{\leq}0.05$). 2. Training 1) The correlation coefficient between trial and rejection was -0.578 when analyzed with T-distribution. The more we tried, the less errors we found. 2) When the S.D. of the first three trials was compared to the S.D. of the last three trials in face-bow transfer, the results showed that the former was larger than the latter in thirty-nine times, and the latter was larger than the former in fifteen times. The more we tried face-bow transfer, the less errors we found. 3. When the S.D. of x, y, z coordinates were examined, the S.D. of x coordinates had the largest measurement in five times, the S.D. of y coordinates had the largest measurement in four times, and the S.D. of z coordinates had the largest measurement in nine times. The possibility which the error can occur in z coordinate was the highest.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and matching accuracy between two identical intraoral spectrophotometers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The maxillary right central incisor, canine, and mandibular left central incisor of each of 30 patients were measured using 2 identical intraoral spectrophotometers with different serial numbers (EasyShade V). The color of each shade tab from 3 shade guides (VITA 3D-Master) was also determined with both devices. All measurements were performed by a single operator. Statistical analyses were performed to verify the repeatability, accuracy, and the differences between the devices with paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. A high level of measurement repeatability (ICC>0.90) among $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ color components was observed within and between devices (P<.001). Intra-device matching agreement rates were 80.00% and 81.11%, respectively, while inter-device matching agreement rate was 51.85%. ANOVA revealed no significant different color values within each device, while paired t-test provided significant different color values between both devices. The CIEDE2000 color differences between both devices were $2.28{\pm}1.61$ ${\Delta}E_{00}$ for in-vivo readings. Regarding the clinical matching accuracy of both devices, ${\Delta}E_{00}$ values between teeth and matching shade tabs were $3.05{\pm}1.19$ and $2.86{\pm}1.02$, respectively. CONCLUSION. Although two EasyShade V devices with different serial numbers show high repeatability of CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ measurements, they could provide different color values and shade for the same tooth.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2009

목적 : 핵의학 검사에는 동일한 목적부위에 시간경과에 따른 변화를 관찰하고, 일정시간 동안에 여러 번 나누어 영상을 획득하는 검사들이 많이 있다. 이 때 동일한 영상 획득 조건이 적용되어야만 한다. Hepatobiliary scan, lung scan 등의 검사는 시간 간격을 두고, 여러 번의 영상을 획득하는 검사이다. 해당 검사 별로 최초의 영상에서 설정된 계수를 획득하기 위해 소요되는 시간을 연속되는 다음의 영상에 동일하게 적용하는 pre-set time을 설정한다. 이 때 각각의 영상에서 동일한 검사 시간이 적용되어야 한다. 이 연구는 pre-set time을 적용하는 검사에 스캔 시간의 결정시기에 따라 스캔 시간의 변동을 분석하고 이에 대한 합리적인 대안을 찾으려 한다. 실험재료 및 방법 : 2009년 1월부터 2009년 3월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학과에서 방사성의약품 $^{99m}Tc$-mebrofenin을 이용한 간담도 검사를 대상으로 하였다. 환자에게 222 MBq (6mCi)를 정맥주사한 후 5분이 지난 뒤에 스캔을 시작하였다. 두 개의 검출기를 서로 마주보게 하여, 환자가 양쪽 검출기 사이에서 erect position을 유지하도록 하였고 환자는 복부 전면을 검출기에 최대한 밀착하였다. 스캔을 시작한 후 총 검사시간의 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%일 때 예상 검사 종료 시간을 측정하였다. 이 측정시간을 스캔이 모두 끝난 후에 최종 검사시간과 검사 도중 예상되는 스캔 시간을 비교하였다. 그리고 팬텀을 이용하여 선량에 따른 시간 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 스캔을 시작하고 스캔 시간이 총 예상 스캔 시간의 10% 되었을 때, 25% 되었을 때, 50% 되었을 때, 75% 되었을 때의 차이는 10%일 때 최대 5초 이상의 시간차이를 보였으며, 25% 되었을 때(t:2.88, p<0.01)와 50%가 되었을 때 (t:2.05, p<0.01) 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결론 : 스캔이 모두 종료된 후에 스캔 시간을 결정하는 것이 가장 정확한 측정치를 가지지만, 실무현장에 적용에는 다소간의 어려운 점이 있었다. 이것은 정량분석이 필요한 검사에 부정확한 결과치를 초래 할 수 있고, 이를 개선하려는 검사자의 노력이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 스캔을 시작하고 최소한 총 스캔시간의 약 50% 이상이 지난 후에, 총 스캔시간을 결정하는 것이 영상간의 불일치하는 스캔시간으로 유발되는 정량 분석 오차를 최소화 할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate true hinge axis location with different times (8:00-9:00 A.M.,2:00-3:00 P.M.) and with experienced and inexperienced groups. 25 subjects, 23-27 years of age , with functionally acceptable occlusion, and no clinical signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction were participated in this study. In this study arbitrary hinge axis point was located 13 mm anterior to the posterior margin of the tragus on a line from the center of the tragus to the outer canthus of the eye and then the true hinge axis point was located with T.M.J. hinge axis locator. The discrepancies of distance and the direction between true hinge axis point and arbitrary hinge axis point were studied according to times and two groups. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The mean distance from arbitrary hinge axis point to the true hinge axis point on the right and left sides was as follows : Experienced group: linear distance: $1.228{\pm}3.145mm$, vertical distance: $-1.128{\pm}2.515mm$, horizontal distance: $-0.484{\pm}1.806mm$. Inexperience group: linear distance: $1.628{\pm}3.158mm$, vertical distance: $-1.169{\pm}2.090mm$, horizontal distance: $-1.133{\pm}2.367mm$. Horizontal distance between experienced and inexperienced groups was significant statistically. (P<0.1) 2. True hinge axis points located within 5 mm of arbitrary hinge axis point were 86.7% in the experienced group and 84% in the inexperienced group. 3. For experienced operator A with time, the mean distance from arbitrary hinge axis point to true hinge axis point was as follows: Horizontal distance: AM: $-0.613{\pm}1.966mm$, PM: $-0.860{\pm}2.156mm$. Vertical distance: AM: $-0.886{\pm}2.518mm$, PM : $-1.226{\pm}2.660mm$. True hinge axis points had tendency to be located posterior-inferiorly to tragus-canthus line in the afternoon than in the morning, but there was not significant statistically. (P>0.1)

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2021

Background: Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS) is a common disorder of the lateral knee. Previous research has reported that the iliotibial band (ITB) thickness (ITBT) is correlated with ITBFS, and ITBT has been considered to be a key morphologic parameter of ITBFS. However, the thickness is different from inflammatory hypertrophy. Thus, we made the ITB cross-sectional area (ITBCSA) a new morphological parameter to assess ITBFS. Methods: Forty-three patients with ITBFS group and from 43 normal group who underwent T1W magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. The ITBCSA was measured as the cross-sectional area of the ITB that was most hypertrophied in the magnetic resonance axial images. The ITBT was measured as the thickest site of ITB. Results: The mean ITBCSA was 25.24 ± 6.59 ㎟ in the normal group and 38.75 ± 9.11 ㎟ in the ITBFS group. The mean ITBT was 1.94 ± 0.41 mm in the normal group and 2.62 ± 0.46 mm in the ITBFS group. Patients in ITBFS group had significantly higher ITBCSA (P < 0.001) and ITBT (P < 0.001) than the normal group. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the best cut-off value of the ITBT was 2.29 mm, with 76.7% sensitivity, 79.1% specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) 0.88. The optimal cut-off score of the ITBCSA was 30.66 ㎟, with 79.1% sensitivity, 79.1% specificity, and AUC 0.87. Conclusions: ITBCSA is a new and sensitive morphological parameter for diagnosing ITBFS, and may even be more accurate than ITBT.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

감염관리는 전반적인 의료행위에서 중요성이 부각되고 있으며 치과 또한 철저한 감염관리가 필요하다. 감염의 매개체에는 여러 가지가 있고, 그 중 의료진 의복으로 인한 감염이 있다. 병원 직원의 오염된 의복은 원내감염의 매개체가 될 수 있다. 이에 스케일링 시 에어로졸에 의한 의복오염도를 실험하였다. 가슴, 배, 허벅지, 소매 끝, 바지 끝 부위를 실험 대상으로 하였다. 실험한 자료는 IBM SPSS (ver20.0) 통계프로그램으로 분석하였다. 스케일링 전(대조군)과 스케일링 후(실험군) colony수의 평균값은 ANOVA (일원배치분산분석)을 사용하였으며, 사후 분석은 Scheffe를 시행하였다. 스케일링 전-후 colony수의 평균값에 대한 유의성 검증은 Paired t-test 비모수 검정방법을 사용하였다. 1. 의복의 가슴 부위에서 스케일링 전 colony수의 평균은 2.13 CFU이고, 스케일링 후 colony 수의 평균은 50.00 CFU로 약 25배 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p=0.012). 2. 의복의 배 부위에서 스케일링 전 colony수의 평균은 4.00 CFU이고, 스케일링 후 colony수의 평균은 16.63 CFU로 약 4배 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p=0.018). 3. 의복의 허벅지 부위에서 스케일링 전 colony수의 평균은 3.63 CFU이고, 스케일링 후 colony수의 평균은 22.88 CFU로 약 7배 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p=0.017). 4. 의복 소매 끝에서 스케일링 전 colony수의 평균은 3.63 CFU이고, 스케일링 후 colony수의 평균은 17.38 CFU로 약 6배 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p=0.028). 5. 의복 바지 끝에서 스케일링 전 colony수의 평균은 2.38 CFU이고, 스케일링 후 colony수의 평균은 33.63 CFU로 약 17배 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p=0.012). 6. 스케일링 후 의복 부위에서 colony수의 평균은 가슴, 바지 끝, 허벅지, 배, 소매 끝 순으로 높게 나타났다. 7. 스케일링 전-후 colony수의 증가율은 가슴, 바지 끝, 허벅지, 소매 끝, 배 순으로 높게 나타났다. 스케일링 시 에어졸로에 의해 의복이 오염되는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로 우리는 스케일링에 의한 에어로졸로 의복이 오염되는 것을 인지하고 스케일링 후에는 의복을 깨끗이 해야 할 필요성이 있다. 이에 따라 치과기구관리와 함께 의복도 감염방지 대책이 시급한 것으로 보인다. 또한 치과 의료인들에게 자세한 감염교육이 필요할 것이다. 실험 결과로 의복오염의 심각성을 일깨우고, 의복에 대한 감염의식을 높여야 된다.