• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

This study mainly focused on to investigate the effects of Schizandra chinensis on the growth of a bacterium, CS6 which was isolated from kimchi. CS6 was final]y identified to lactobacillus plantarum that caused acidification of kimchi. The ethanolic extract of Schizandra chinensis(EES) inhibited the growth of L. plantarum. Minimum inhibition concentration of crude EES on L. plantarum was 62.5mg/$m\ell$. In broth culture, 5$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of EES completely inhibited the growth of L. plantarum during fermentation. The addition of 0.4% of EES has no apparent effect on quality including the taste and color on kimchi. It was expected that EES-containing kimchi could extend the period of preservation. Analysis of organic acids in water fractions of EES was carried out by HPLC. It is apparent that antimicrobial active fractions contained the highest concentration of succinic acid, a little tartaric acid and malic acid. Among these organic acids, succinic acid showed the strong inhibitory effect against L. plantarum CS6 in vitro. Succinic acid-containing kimchi with a concentration of 0.4 and 0.5% had the inhibitory effect on growth of L. plantarum. Inhibitory effect of EES on amylase, cellulase and pectinase was also tested. In conclusion, the present experiment demonstrated that EES inhibited the growth of L. plantarum, and various enzyme activity. EES-containing kimchi was sustained the hardness, and initial acidity during fermentation. EES was considered as the possible additive of kimchi process and EES added in kimchi increase the quality, and storage period of kimchi.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.418-426
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to investigate the association between picky eating behaviors of preschool children and growth outcomes. In this study, picky eating behaviors were defined as containing four constructs of 'eating a small amount (ES),' 'neophoic behavior (NB),' 'refusal of specific food groups (RF),' and 'preference for specific food-preparation methods (PP).' A 7-point scale was used for the multi-item questionnaire, which consisted of 21 items (three items for ES, two items for NB, nine items for RF, and seven items for PP), in order to evaluate picky eating behaviors of children. Subjects were recruited among visitors at a medical clinic in Seoul. A total of 150 self-administered survey responses from parents of preschool children were analyzed in order to investigate the association between picky eating behaviors of preschool children and growth outcomes. Height for age (HFA) and weight for height (WFH) z-scores were used for assessment of preschool children's growth. The prevalence of ES, NB, RF, and PP was 44%, 57%, 73%, and 53%, respectively. Children with ES had lower HFA (p < 0.05) and WFH (p < 0.0001) than those without ES, while children with NB, RF, or PP had HFA and WFH were similar to their counterparts. The mean HFA z-score of children with ES was less than 0 (p < 0.05) and the mean WFH z-scores of children with ES, NB, RF, or PP were less than 0 (p < 0.05). According to the study results, related growth outcome differed depending on constructs of picky eating behaviors. In particular, picky eating of ES showed a risk of faltering height growth in preschool children. Further comprehensive studies on the reason for ES and intervention approach is warranted.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential of freeze-dried persimmon powder (Diospyros kaki Thumb.) to protect against dyslipidemia induced by a high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFD) in a rat model. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control (NC), high-fat/cholesterol control (HC), tannin in HFD (HT, 1% of diet), immature persimmon in HFD (HI, 7% of diet), and mature persimmon in HFD (HM, 7% of diet). Tannin was used as a positive control. Biochemical, molecular, and histopathological changes were observed in the blood and liver. Results: We confirmed that a high fat/cholesterol diet successfully induced dyslipidemia, which was characterized by significantly altered lipid profiles in the plasma and liver. However, oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels, histopathological damage in the liver, and hepatic triglyceride levels were significantly reduced in all HT, HI, and HM groups compared to those in the HF group. In contrast, plasma apolipoprotein B level was significantly reduced only in the HT and HM groups, whereas reduction of the LDL-C level was detected only in the HI group. Although HF-induced sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) gene expression was significantly reduced in all treated groups, downstream gene expression levels varied among the different groups; significant reduction of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMGCR) gene expression was detected only in the HI group, whereas cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene expression was significantly elevated only in the HM group. Conclusion: Taken together, the data suggest that protection of LDL oxidation and hepatic lipogenesis might be, at least partly, attributed to tannin in persimmons. However, the identified mechanisms varied up to the maturation stage of persimmon. In the case of immature persimmon, modulation of FAS and HMGCR gene expression was prominent, whereas in the case of mature persimmon, modulation of CYP7A1 gene expression was prominent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.756-768
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• 2017

The subjects for the study were twenty four obese women(50's) composed of the exercise group(n=12) and to a "no exercise" control group(n=12). The variables of health-related fitness, blood pressure, and blood vessel elasticity where measured in all the subjects before the start of the training program and after at the end of the 8 weeks circuit training. The test data were analyzed by t-test, paired t-test, and alpha level of p<.05 was set for all tests of significance. Health-related fitness was exercise group, the BMI had significantly decreased, and the 20m shuttle run, sit-ups and sit-and-reach had significantly increased. Blood pressure was exercise group, the systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure had significantly decreased. Also, after the circuit training program, the exercise group had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure than did the control group. blood vessel elasticity was exercise group, the blood vessel elasticity had significantly decreased. And exercise group had significantly higher diastolic blood vessel elasticity than did the control group. In conclusion, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure had significantly decreased, but 20 m shuttle run, sit-ups and sit-and-reach had significantly increased in the combined exercise group after the 8 weeks circuit training. Therefore, regular and continuous circuit training were effective in improving the body composition, blood pressure, blood vessel elasticity and health-related fitness.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.827-838
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• 2017

Twenty male soccer players volunteered as the experimental subjects. The subjects were randomly assigned to the "Winter training with Cornus officinalis extract intake group"(WCI; n=10) and "Winter training group"(WT; n=10). The variables of blood fatigue substance, muscle damage and liver function where measured in all the subjects before the start of the Cornus officinalis intake after at the end of the 4 weeks winter training. Winter training program was proceeded with 6 days a week for 4 weeks. Exercise intensity was measured using the HRR(70~95%). Changes in the heart rate were also measured with the Polar. WCI group were ingested 80 mL of Cornus officinalis extract after every breakfast and dinner for 4 weeks. The test data were analyzed by paired t-test, and independent t-test(%diff), and the alpha level of p<.05 was set for all tests of significance. Lactate in WCI group had significantly decreased, and the changes between the groups were significantly lower in the WCI group than in the WT group. Ammonia in WCI group had significantly increased. CK in WCI group had significantly decreased. LDH in both group had significantly decreased. AST in WCI group had significantly decreased, and the changes between the groups were significantly lower in the WCI group than in the WT group. ALT in WCI group had significantly decreased. In conclusion, the results of this study show that Cornus officinalis extract seem to have a positive influence on blood fatigue substance, muscle damage and liver function. Therefore Cornus officinalis extract is considered to be able to contribute an ergogenic aids.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.15-32
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• 2017

This study investigated the effectiveness of home economics class on self-esteem and stress of middle school students. Data were collected from self-reported inventory of the middle school students in Y city of Gyeonggi province and 165 data copies were used for analyses. Data were analyzed for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, corelation and dependent t-test using SPSS/PC 18.0 program. The results were as follows. First, the average of positive self-esteem was 2.74 and that of negative self-esteem was 1.90 on a 4 Likert scale. The range of stress level was 1.88~2.48 on a 5 Likert scale. Life satisfaction was 3.90 and helpfulness of home economics class was 3.89 on a 5 point Likert scale, which means moderately high. Second, examining differences in variables according to gender, there were statistically significant differences in stress regarding family for both pre- and post-tests. Third, helpfulness of home economics class had positive correlation with positive self-esteem and life satisfaction and had negative correlation with negative self-esteem and stress, which means that home economics class enhance life satisfaction and positive self-esteem and lessen negative self-esteem and stress of middle students. Fourth, as a result of comparison of pre and post-tests, positive self-esteem, life satisfaction, and helpfulness of home economics class increased statistically after home economics classes, while stress regarding school life decreased statistically. Even though students' growth and changes resulting from learning other subjects were not controlled, it was meaningful that effectiveness of home economics class were examined and helpful information for enhancing perception of home economics education were provided.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.142-152
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• 2000

This study is a descriptive study to offer an actual basic data as Nursing intervention strategy of nurses before delivery in order that pregnant women in Korea may effectively practice Taekyo by examining the relation after apprehending level of recognition and practice of our pregnant women about Taekyo. This study collected questionnaires from 801 pregnant women who visited general hospitals in 10 areas(Seoul, Daejon, chunan, Daegu, Kummi, $Ky{\check{o}}ngju$, $P{\ddot{o}}hang$, Busan, $J{\ddot{o}}nju$, and $Y{\ddot{o}}nkwang$) for prenatal care through an outpatient obstetrics and gynecology from July 15 to August 30, 1999. This study used the tool of lee, Ki Young(1993) revised an complemented by investigator to measure recognition of Taekyo and the tool of Jang, Shun Buk and Park, Young Ju(1996) revised and complemented by investigator to measure practice of Taekyo. The Cronbach's alpha value of each tool was .88 in recognition of Taekyo, while the value was .90 in practice of Taekyo. For data analysis, this study used the descriptive and statistical analysis, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc contrast, and Stepwise multiple regression in accordance with the purpose of this study with using SPSS Win 7.5 program. The results were as follows ; 1. The practice of Taekyo was low in comparison with recognition of Teakyo by showing average 4.28 points and standard deviation 0.48 at level of recognition of pregnant women about Taekyo on the basis of 5 points and showing to show average 2.81 points and standard deviation 0.36 at practice level on the basis of 4 points. 2. They showed the higher level of recognition on Taekyo at high educational background of pregnant woman(F=3.735, p=.005), Roman catholicism (F=4.570, p=.002), satisfied married life(F=5.448, p=.004), high monthly income(F=6.096, p=.000) and cases of hoping pregnancy(F=2.525, p=.012). 3. They showed the higher level of practice on Taekyo at high educational background of pregnant woman(F=2.883, P=.022), Roman catholicism(F=3.616, p=.032), satisfied married life(F=19.924, p=.000), good health condition(F=2.386, p=.017), cases of hoping pregnancy(F=0.677, p=.000), cases of planning pregnancy with husband(F=3.024, p=.001), cases of regular prenatal care before delivery(F=0.241, p=.005), cases of maternal breast feeding (F=9.132, p=.000), and the number of less children(F=2.763, p=.041). 4. In result of examining correlation between recognition and practice of Taekyo, they showed high level of practice on Taekyo under high level of recognition of pregnant women on Taekyo by showing the statistically significant correlation. 5. In result of examining the related factors that affect recognition and practice of Taekyo y the object, practice of Taekyo had 16.8 percents of explanatory range, purpose of practicing Taekyo 8.5 percents of explanatory range, and monthly income 1.9 percent of explanatory range as variables of affecting recognition of Taekyo. The total explanatory range was 27.2 percents, Recognition of Taekyo had 16.1 percents of explanatory ragne, time of starting Taekyo 3.2 percents, health condition 2.2 percents of explanatory range, condition of hoping pregnancy 1.1 percent of explanatory range, satisfaction of married life 0.8 percent of explanatory range, and religion 0.6 percent of explanatory range as variables of affecting practice of Taekyo. The total explanatory range was 24.0 percents.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2006

Background: Luteolin, a flavone found in various Chinese herbal medicines is known to possess anti-inflammatory properties through its ability to inhibit various proinflammatory signaling pathways including NF-${\kappa}B$ and p38 MAPK. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of luteolin on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Materials and Methods: We used a transgenic mouse model expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of NF-${\kappa}B$ $cis$-elements. C57BL/6 NF-${\kappa}B^{EGFP}$ mice received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for six days in combination with daily luteolin administration (1mg/kg body weight, 0.1ml vol, intragastric) or vehicle. NF-${\kappa}B$ activity was assessed macroscopically with a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera and microscopically by confocal analysis. Results: A significant increase in the Disease Activity Index (DAI), histological score (p<0.05), IL-12 p40 secretion in colonic stripe culture (p<0.05) and EGFP expression was observed in luteolin and/or DSS-treated mice compared to water-treated mice. Interestingly, a trend toward a worse colitis (DAI, IL-12p40) was observed in luteolin-treated mice compared to non-treated DSS-exposed mice. In addition, EGFP expression (NF-${\kappa}B$ activity) strongly increased in the luteolin-treated mice compared to control mice. Confocal microscopy showed that EGFP positive cells were primarily lamina propria immune cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that luteolin is not a therapeutic alternative for intestinal inflammatory disorders derived for primary defects in barrier function. Thus, therapeutic intervention targeting these signaling pathways should be viewed with caution.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.56-74
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• 1995

The authors applied ADDES-HV parent evaluation scale for the purpose of screening test to 538 2nd grade elementary school students from March 1994 to May. The results were as follows: There was no differences in scores of ADHD between schools. In comparing the male and female between three school students, male students showed signifieant high scores (p<0.05) than female students in the score of ADDES-HV subscale and total. There was no significant differences in ADDES-HV scale between male students and female students in both ADHD patients and normal controls. In reliability test for test and retest, the reliability coefficient was higher satisfatorily and that of inattention was 0.80, inpulsivity was 0.69, hyperactivity was 0.63 and the total score was 0.82. In reliability test by internal consistancy, the Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficient of patient group was 0.85(p<0.05) and that of normal control was 0.84(p<0.05). The Concurrent validity between ADDES-HV scale and DSM-III-R scale was 0.57(p<0.05) in ADHD patient group and 0.84(p<0.05) in normal control group. In discriminant validity test between ADHD patient group and normal control, the ADHD patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total disciminant capacity of the patient group in ADDES-HV scale was 94.44%. When we regard the cut off point as standard deviation 1.5, the male student was 80 score and the female student was 69 score. In this point of view, ADDES-HV scale was proved to be the useful screening test tool for ADHD research and showed higher reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects.

• Korean Journal of Dental Materials
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.257-274
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acid-treatment conditions on the surface properties of the RBM (Resorbable Blast Media) treated titanium. Disk typed cp-titanium specimens were prepared and RBM treatments was performed with calcium phosphate ceramic powder. Acid solution was mixed using HCl, $H_2SO_4$ and deionized water with 4 different volume fraction. The RBM treated titanium was acid treated with different acid solutions at 3 different temperatures and for 3 different periods. After acid-treatments, samples were cleaned with 1 % Solujet solution for 30 min and deionized water for 30 min using ultrasonic cleanser, then dried in the electrical oven ($37^{\circ}C$). Weight of samples before and after acid-treatment were measured using electric balance. Surface roughness was estimated using a confocal laser scanning microscopy, crystal phase in the surface of sample was analyzed using X-ray diffractometer. Surface morphology and components were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS). Values of the weight changes and surface roughness were statistically analyzed using Tukey-multiple comparison test (p=0.05). Weight change after acid treatments were significantly increased with increasing the concentration of $H_2SO_4$ and temperature of acid-solution. Acid-treatment conditions (concentration of $H_2SO_4$, temperature and time) did not produce consistent effects on the surface roughness, it showed the scattered results. From XRD analysis, formation of titanium hydrides in the titanium surface were observed in all specimens treated with acid-solutions. From XPS analysis, thin titanium oxide layer in the acid-treated specimens could be evaluated. Acid solution with $90^{\circ}C$ showed the strong effect on the titanium surface, it should be treated with caution to avoid the over-etching process.