• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to monitor residual pesticides in domestic agricultural products and to assess their risk to human health. METHODS AND RESULTS: 123 samples containing both general and environment-friendly certified agricultural products were purchased from traditional domestic markets and supermarkets in six provinces of Korea. Multiresidue analyses of one hundred twenty-two pesticides except for herbicides were performed with gas chromatography-electron capture detector, gas chromatography-nitrogen/phosphorus detector, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Sixteen pesticides were detected in 45 agricultural product samples, which were 38 general, 6 low pesticide and 1 of GAP agricultural product samples and the detection rate was 33.6%. Pesticides detected in agricultural product samples were cypermethrin, lufenuron, fenvalerate, bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr and iprodione. Residual concentration of 18 samples were exceeded the recommended maximum residue limit set by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and two kinds of unregistered pesticides in korea were also detected in two samples. CONCLUSION(S): In order to do risk assessment by agricultural products consumption, estimated daily intake of residual pesticides were determined and compared to acceptable daily intake, referring to %ADI values. The range of %ADI values was from 0.038% to 2.748%. Taken together, it demonstrates the pesticides found in agricultural products samples were below the safety margin, indicating no effect on human health.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2011

Pyrimisulfan is a herbicide. In order to register this new pesticide, the series of toxicity data on animal testing were reviewed to evaluate its hazards to consumers and also to determine its acceptable daily intake. Pyrimisulfan was excreted mostly by feces. It has low acute oral toxicity while it has no dermal, ocular irritation and skin sensitization (As the result of subchronic and chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity showed changes of hematology and liver.). Two-generation reproduction toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and prenatal development toxicity were not proven. Therefore, the ADI for Pyrimisulfan is 0.1 mg/kg/ bw/day, based on the NOAEL of 10 mg/kg/ bw/day of 90-days repeated dose oral toxicity study in dogs while applying an uncertainty factor of 100.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the heavy metal contents of agricultural products in Korea and to compare with relevant international criteria such as the Average Daily Intake(ADI) and the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake(PTWI) proposed by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Committee on additives and contaminant. Contents of heavy metal in cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits were in the range of $0.010{\sim}0.073$ for Cd, $0.40{\sim}6.45$ for Cu, $0.083{\sim}0.698$ for Pb, $2.45{\sim}16.30$ for Zn, $0.171{\sim}1.378$ for Ni, $0.023{\sim}0.233$ for Cr and $0.026{\sim}0.070$ mg/kg(F.W.) for As. Heavy metal contents of cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits were with natural content levels proposed by FAO/WHO and were similar to value monitored in other countries. Also, average intake of heavy metal from agricultural products was lower than the ADI and PTWI by the joint FAO/WHO Codex Committee on Additives and Contaminants. Therefore, none of the cereals, pulses, potatoes, vegetables and fruits evaluated showed accumulation of such heavy metal high enough to cause health problems to human.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.479-489
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• 2011

This study was carried out to propose AUI(Advanced Urbanized Index), ADI(Advanced Disturbed Index) and TEI(Total Environmental Index) and to understand the ecological characteristics of naturalized plants by objective and systematic analysis about naturalized plants distributed in Gyeryong-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The numbers of naturalized plants identified in this site were 47 taxa; 15 families, 35 genera and 47 species. The invasive alien plants were 5 taxa; Aster pilosus Willd., Rumex acetocella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Amborisa trifida L., and A. artemisiaefolia L. In the results of analysis by administrative district, Shindoan-myeon was 33 taxa, Eomsa-myeon 29 taxa, Duma 31 taxa and Geumam-dong 18 taxa. In an analysis of life forms, there were 6 taxa of chamaiphytes, 8 taxa of hemicryptophytes, 2 taxa of geophytes and 31 taxa of therophytes. In the results of analysing environmental indices, the range of UI was 6.5~11.8%, AUI 0.3~5.3%, DI 18.2~36.4%, ADI 0.9~16.4% and TEI 0.6~10.9%. The AUI, ADI and TEI of whole Gyeryong-si were 16.8%, 45.5% and 31.2%.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2011

The investigation of 218 residual pesticides for 19 types of tea (persimmon leaf tea, chrysanthemum tea, green tea, lavender tea, rosemary tea, dandelion leaf tea, puer tea, mulberry leaf tea, hydrangea leaf tea, jasmine tea, nuomixiang tea, buckwheat tea, mugwort tea, lotus leaf tea, oolong tea, longjing tea, rose tea, tiehkwanyin tea and huoguo tea) obtained from markets in Ansan and Suwon was carried out to assess the risk for residual pesticides in tea. The detection rate was 23.1 % (19 samples of total 65 tea samples) and the detected pesticides were 15 pesticides, such as bifenthrin, bromopropylate, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, dicofol, endosulfan, fenpropathrin, fludioxonil, fenvalerate, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, tetradifon and triazophos. The range of concentrations for the detected residual pesticides was 0.01 to 1.24 mg/kg which showed below their maximum residue limits (MRL), but the residual concentration of bifenthrin in a puer tea showed above the legal limit of 0.3 mg/kg. The result of risk assessment of residual pesticides for the detected 15 samples showed that EDI (estimated daily intake) of the pesticides detected ranged 0.0001~0.0844% of their ADI (acceptable daily intake).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1103-1109
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• 2002

Mean concentration and daily intake of sorbic acid were estimated through the analysis of food samples obtained from Korea FDA and food sanitation inspection agency during $1999{\sim}2000$. Total number of samples were 14,129, among which the number of detected samples were 2,561 (detection rate was 18.13%). Contribution rate to total estimated daily intake (%) of sorbic acid in the categorized food were the highest in processed fish product. Total estimated daily intake $({\Sigma}EDI)$ for age groups were the highest in $30{\sim}49$ years old and ranged from 3.42 to 9.25 mg/person/day. Estimation of average food intake for each food item per person per day was based on data in national nutrition survey and national food disapperance data in 1998. Total estimated daily intake of sorbic acid was 20.40 mg per body weight of 55 kg. This value was 1.48% of acceptable daily intake evaluated by FAO/WHO and 33.03% of theoretical maximum daily intake.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• v.11B no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2001

Numerical schemes for the simulation of the cold gas flow in the SF6 puffer type circuit breaker is presented. The governing equation is axisymmetric compressible Euler Equation and FVM is used to analyze the behavior of flow. The upwind scheme is used to avoid numerical instability and MUSCL is used to obtain high order accuracy. For the efficient calculation, AF-ADI scheme is used. The simulation result shows good agreement with the experimental data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2002

This study carried out to evaluate TMDI(theoretical maximum daily intake) and EDI(estimated daily intake) for Korean by using MRLs, food intake, residue data, and correction factors and compare with ADI(acceptable daily intake) in order to estimate the health risk based on the pesticide exposure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1989.11a
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• pp.94-99
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• 1989

This paper analyzes file stiffness, damping coefficient, friction force and flow coefficient of externally pressurized oil journal beating, including the effect of journal rotation according to the Sommerfeld number. This paper assumed that the oil in the whole pocket has constant pressure, and that the oil in the whole bearing region has constant viscosity, temperature and density. Reynolds equation is derived from Nuvier - Stokes equation and continuity equation. And solved bearing pressure by ADI method for whole bearing region and fitted with out flow rate of pocket region. The model for numerical simulation is hydro - static oil journal bearing for high-speed, high-accuracy lathe spindle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.142-144
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• 2002

Two different extracellular lipases were produced by an anaerobic bacterium, Selenomonas lipolytica. A major lipase, lipase I, was isolated, which showed optimum activity at pH 6.0 and at $45^{\circ}C$. It showed a molecular weight of 240 kDa and was a tetramer of a subunit having molecular weight of 60 kDa, which is different from the known bacterial lipases.