• Title/Summary/Keyword: $u_1$

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POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF SINGULAR FOURTH-ORDER TWO POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

  • Li, Jiemei
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.27 no.5_6
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    • pp.1361-1370
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we consider singular fourth-order two point boundary value problems $u^{(4)}$ (t) = f(t, u), 0 < t < 1, u(0) = u(l) = u'(0) = u'(l) = 0, where $f:(0,1){\times}(0,+{\infty}){\rightarrow}[0,+{\infty})$ may be singular at t = 0, 1 and u = 0. By using the upper and lower solution method, we obtained the existence of positive solutions to the above boundary value problems. An example is also given to illustrate the obtained theorems.

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Evaluating anchorage loss in upper incisors during distalization of maxillary posterior teeth using clear aligners in adult patients: A prospective randomized study

  • Zehra Yurdakul;Nurver Karsli
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.117-127
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    • 2024
  • Objective: To evaluate the effect of clear aligner treatment and differential sequence distalization of maxillary posterior teeth on anchorage loss in the upper incisors (U1s). Methods: This study used lateral cephalometries and digital models of 12 patients treated with 33% sequential distalization (group 1, mean age: 22.9 ± 0.7 years, five males, seven females) and 12 treated with 50% sequential distalization (group 2, mean age: 25.83 ± 0.5 years, three males, nine females) acquired before and after distalization of upper second premolars (U5) and upper first molars (U6) and upper second molars (U7). The amount of distalization was determined as 2.5 mm in both the groups. Independent Samples t test was used to compare normally distributed parameters. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare parameters that were not normally distributed. Results: In both groups, the posterior teeth significantly moved by tipping distally and the U1s were displaced anteriorly. Increase in maxillary posterior transverse width (P < 0.001) and distopalatal rotation were observed in U5, U6, and U7 after distalization. It was also observed that U1 was significantly more proclined (1.82°; P < 0.001) and protruded (0.62 mm; P < 0.001), and the overjet (0.45 mm; P < 0.001) increased more in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusions: After sequential distalization of maxillary posterior teeth, more anchorage loss was observed in the anterior region in group 1 than in group 2.

SOLVABILITY FOR SOME DIRICHLET PROBLEM WITH P-LAPACIAN

  • Kim, Yong-In
    • The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.257-268
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    • 2010
  • We investigate the existence of the following Dirichlet boundary value problem $({\mid}u'\mid^{p-2}u')'\;+\;(p\;-\;1)[\alpha{\mid}u^+\mid^{p-2}u^+\;-\;\beta{\mid}u^-\mid^{p-2}u^-]$ = (p - 1)h(t), u(0) = u(T) = 0, where p > 1, $\alpha$ > 0, $\beta$ > 0 and ${\alpha}^{-\frac{1}{p}}\;+\;{\beta}^{-\frac{1}{p}}\;=\;2$, $T\;=\;{\pi}_p/{\alpha}^{\frac{1}{p}}$, ${\pi}_p\;=\; \frac{2{\pi}}{p\;sin(\pi/p)}$ and $h\;{\in}\;L^{\infty}$(0,T). The results of this paper generalize some early results obtained in [8] and [9]. Moreover, the method used in this paper is elementary and new.

AN ANALOGUE OF THE HILTON-MILNER THEOREM FOR WEAK COMPOSITIONS

  • Ku, Cheng Yeaw;Wong, Kok Bin
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.1007-1025
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    • 2015
  • Let $\mathbb{N}_0$ be the set of non-negative integers, and let P(n, l) denote the set of all weak compositions of n with l parts, i.e., $P(n,l)=\{(x_1,x_2,{\cdots},x_l){\in}\mathbb{N}^l_0\;:\;x_1+x_2+{\cdots}+x_l=n\}$. For any element $u=(u_1,u_2,{\cdots},u_l){\in}P(n,l)$, denote its ith-coordinate by u(i), i.e., $u(i)=u_i$. A family $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is said to be t-intersecting if ${\mid}\{i:u(i)=v(i)\}{\mid}{\geq}t$ for all $u,v{\epsilon}A$. A family $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is said to be trivially t-intersecting if there is a t-set T of $[l]=\{1,2,{\cdots},l\}$ and elements $y_s{\in}\mathbb{N}_0(s{\in}T)$ such that $A=\{u{\in}P(n,l):u(j)=yj\;for\;all\;j{\in}T\}$. We prove that given any positive integers l, t with $l{\geq}2t+3$, there exists a constant $n_0(l,t)$ depending only on l and t, such that for all $n{\geq}n_0(l,t)$, if $A{\subseteq}P(n,l)$ is non-trivially t-intersecting, then $${\mid}A{\mid}{\leq}(^{n+l-t-l}_{l-t-1})-(^{n-1}_{l-t-1})+t$$. Moreover, equality holds if and only if there is a t-set T of [l] such that $$A=\bigcup_{s{\in}[l]{\backslash}T}\;A_s{\cup}\{q_i:i{\in}T\}$$, where $$A_s=\{u{\in}P(n,l):u(j)=0\;for\;all\;j{\in}T\;and\;u(s)=0\}$$ and $$q_i{\in}P(n,l)\;with\;q_i(j)=0\;fo\;all\;j{\in}[l]{\backslash}\{i\}\;and\;q_i(i)=n$$.

Effects of Ukgansan Pharmacopuncture at GB20 on Cognitive Impariment Induced by Focal Brain Injury in Rats (풍지(風池)(GB20) 억간산(抑肝散) 약침이 국소 뇌손상으로 유발된 흰쥐의 인지장애에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jung Hun;Yang, Tae Jun;Jeong, Sang Jun;Wei, Tung Shuen
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.101-116
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effects of Ukgansan pharmacopuncture(U-PA) of focal brain ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) in rats. Methods : The subjects were divided into 5 groups : A control group, acupuncture group, pharmacopuncture group U-PA1($2.571mg/250g/40{\mu}{\ell}$), pharmacopuncture group U-PA2($6.428mg/250g/40{\mu}{\ell}$), and pharmacopuncture group U-PA3($12.855mg/250g/40{\mu}{\ell}$). The focal brain ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into the middle cerebral artery. After 3 days of MCAO, Ukgansan(UGS) pharmacopuncture treatment was performed on the GB20, and the day after being treated with pharmacopuncture, the Morris water maze test was carried out by the assigned group. The series of processes were treated 6 times. Thereafter Bax, Bcl-2, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, mGluR5, density of neuronal cell, and ChAT were measured. Results : The results were as follows. 1. The intensity of Bax significantly decreased in the U-PA1, U-PA2, U-PA3 groups. 2. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio significantly decreased in the U-PA3 group compared with the control group. 3. The neuroprotective effect on the hippocampal CA1 significantly increased in the U-PA1, U-PA2, U-PA3 groups compared with the control group. 4. The density of ChAT in the hippocampal CA1 significantly increased in the U-PA1, U-PA2, U-PA3 groups compared with the control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that UGS pharmacopuncture may have anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects on focal cerebral ischemia caused by intraluminal filament insertion into the middle cerebral artery in rats.

A Study on the Establishment of U-City Data Management (U-City정보의 생산.수집.가공.활용 및 유통 등 정보관리방안 수립 연구)

  • Ahn, Jong-Wook;Shin, Dong-Bin
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2009
  • U-City law was enacted U-City construction to support efficiently. But U-City planning system is not set. And detailed instructions are not also available. In particular, U-City data is not available and specific plans and instructions. Therefore, in this research, "U-City Law" by the state and local governments need to establish in the U-City Comprehensive Plan and the U-City master plan to be included in U-City data management was presented matters. U-City comprehensive plan provides the direction of the U-City master plan. Detailed action task are (1) U-City data management standards for the establishment of cooperation and sharing (2) Establishment of U-City data processing and activation (3) U-City data distribution system infrastructure (4) Establishment of data quality and price. U-City master plan is based on the U-City comprehensive plan. And U-City master plan for the data managements are (1) U-City data on the production plan (2) U-City data on the collection plan (3) U-City data on the processing plan (4) U-City data on the activation plan (5) U-City data on the distribution plan.

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Strain Improvement of Aspergillus oryzae for Increasing Productivity of a Proteolytic Enzyme. (고활성 단백질분해효소 생산균주의 개발을 위한 Aspergillus oryzae의 원형질체 융합에 의한 변이)

  • 김두상;김형락;남택정;변재형
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.490-496
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    • 1998
  • Aspergillus oryzae producing high proteolytic enzyme was isolated from soybean koji and named tentatively A. oryzae O-1. A. oryzae U-1 was obtained by mutation of A. oryzae O-1 with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation and produced 14 times higher pretense activity compared with A. oryzae O-1. A. oryzae E-1 was acquired by treatment of A. oryzae U-1 with 0.5 M ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) for 6 min at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and produced 39 times higher proteolytic activity than A. oryzae O-1. With protoplast fusion between A. oryzae O-1 and A. oryzee E-1 in the presence of polyethylenegylcol (PEG)-CaCl$_2$, proteolytic activity was increased to 82 times compared to A. oryzae O-1, and the fusant was named A. oryzae PF. The activities of the cultures containing proteolytic enzymes produced by the strains were determined to be 0.23 U/$m\ell$ for A. oryzae O-1, 3.29 U/$m\ell$ for A. oryzae U-1, 8.91 U/$m\ell$ for A. oryzae E-1, and 19.0 U/$m\ell$ for A. oryzae PF.

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A Study on Current Issues for the Realization of u-City (u-City 구현을 위한 현안과제 조사분석)

  • Kim, Jung-Hoon;Yi, Mi-Sook
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2007
  • u-City is a new concept and phenomena of applying Information & Communications Technology(ICT) into real cities in Korea. In order to effectively integrate a city with high-tech ICT infrastructure, cutting-edge ICT is being integrated into physical urban environments from the planning and construction stage of a city. There are positive expectations regarding its effect on urban planning and citizens' lives. However, construction of u-city has technical limitations as well as institutional obstacles. This paper aims at identifying problems of current u-city practices and suggesting appropriate solutions for those problems. To do so, it first collects opinions from diverse experts. Then, it draws problems and suggests solutions in terms of u-infrastructure, u-service, policy and implementation process.

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PIERCE STALKS OF EXCHANGE RINGS

  • Chen, Huanyin
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.819-830
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    • 2010
  • We prove, in this article, that a ring R is a stable exchange ring if and only if so are all its Pierce stalks. If every Pierce stalks of R is artinian, then $1_R$ = u + $\upsilon$ with u, $\upsilon$ $\in$ U(R) if and only if for any a $\in$ R, there exist u, $\upsilon$ $\in$ U(R) such that a = u + $\upsilon$. Furthermore, there exists u $\in$ U(R) such that $1_R\;{\pm}\;u\;\in\;U(R)$ if and only if for any a $\in$ R, there exists u $\in$ U(R) such that $a\;{\pm}\;u\;\in\;U(R)$. We will give analogues to normal exchange rings. The root properties of such exchange rings are also obtained.

ON THE FINITE DIFFERENCE OPERATOR $l_{N^2}$(u, v)

  • Woo, Gyung-Soo;Lee, Mi-Na;Seo, Tae-Young
    • East Asian mathematical journal
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 2000
  • In this work, we consider a finite difference operator $L^2_N$ corresponding to $$Lu:=-(u_{xx}+u_{yy})\;in\;{\Omega},\;u=0\;on\;{\partial}{\Omega}$$, in $S_{h^2,1}$. We derive the relation between the absolute value of the bilinear form $l_{N^2}$(u, v) on $S_{h^2,1}{\times}S_{h^2,1}$ and Sobolev $H^1$ norms.

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