• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.257-281
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• 2004

In this paper we： (1) analyze the relationship among public R＆D investment, private R＆D investment, and GDP by employing the Clangor causality test; (2) examine if there is any country-specific pattern in the relationship by testing the cases of Korea, the U.S. and Japan. We found some common results for the above countries as follows： (i) GDP causes Public R＆D, not vice versa; (ii) Private R＆D causes GDP; and (iii) Public R＆D does not cause Private R＆D. For the bivariate model of GDP and total R＆D, the results show the existence of one-way causality running from total R＆D to GDP f3r both U.S. and Japan. We also found bidirectional causal relationship between GDP and total R＆D for Korea, which could be interpreted as a typical pattern for newly industrialized countries.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2012

본 연구는 남조세균 흔들말목(Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales)의 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 및 RNA polymerase beta subunit(rpoB) 유전자를 대상으로 염기서열 변이 및 분자계통학적 특성을 분석한 것이다. 흔들말목 rpoB 유전자는 16S rRNA보다 유전자 변이(유전거리: rpoB=0.270, 16S=0.109)가 큰 것으로 조사되었으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(Student t-test, p<0.001). 흔들말목 16S rRNA와 rpoB의 계통분석에서 유사한 계통 분지형태를 보였으며, rpoB 유전자가 높은 해상도를 갖고 있어 흔들말목 분류군을 더 명확하게 구분하였다. 또한, parsimony 분석을 통해 rpoB 유전자가 16S rRNA 보다 2.40배 빠르게 진화하는 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구결과는 rpoB 유전자가 흔들말목의 분자계통 및 종 분류 연구에 매우 유용하다는 것을 제시해 준다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2008

차수가 h인 다항식 ${\hbar}(x){\in}F_q[x]$에서, $x-s_1,\;x-s_2,\;{\cdots},\;x-s_n$에 의해 생성된 $\(F_q[x]/({\hbar(x))\)*$의 multiplicative subgroup의 크기를 결정하는 것은 대단히 중요한 과제이다. 여기서 $\{s_1,\;s_2,\;{\cdots},\;s_n\}{\sebseteq}F_q$이고 모든 i 에 대해서, ${\hbar}(x){\neq}0$이다. 지금까지 알려진 asymptotic lower bound는 $(rh)^{O(1)}\(2er+O(\frac{1}{r})\)^h$이며, 여기서 $r=\frac{n}{h}$이고 e(=2.718...)는 natural logarithm의 기저이다. 본 논문에서는, coding theory 문제와 연계해서 더 낳은 lower bound인 $(rh)^{O(1)}\(2er+{\frac{e}{2}}{\log}r-{\frac{e}{2}}{\log}{\frac{e}{2}}+O{(\frac{{\log}^2r}{r})}\)^h$를 증명하고자 한다. 여기서 log는natural logarithm을 나타내며, 또한 이방식의 제약점에 대해서도 논의한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.188-191
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• 1991

The mild hydrolysis of ginsenosie Re with 50% acetic acid gave a prosapogenin mixture, 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2. The products were acetylated to give the peracetates, which were further converted into 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 by the alcoholic alkaline treatment.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.949-968
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• 2019

In this work, we characterize some matrix classes concerning the Binomial sequence spaces b^r,s_∞ and b^r,s_p, where 1 ≤ p < ∞. Moreover, by using the notion of Hausdorff measure of noncompactness, we characterize the class of compact matrix operators from b^r,s₀, b^r,s_c and b^r,s_∞ into c₀, c and ℓ_∞, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.261-278
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• 2017

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of ([r, s], [t, u])-interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy alpha generalized closed and open sets in the interval-valued intuitionistic smooth topological space and ([r, s], [t, u])-interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy alpha generalized continuous mappings and then investigate some of their properties.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2002

We introduce (${\tau}_i$, ${\tau}_j$) fuzzy (r,s)-semiclosures and (${\tau}_i$, ${\tau}_j$)-fuzzy (r,s)-semiinteriors. Using the notions, we investigate some of characteristic properties of fuzzy pairwise (r,s)-semicontinuous, fuzzy pairwise (r,s)-semiopen and fuzzy pairwise (r,s)-semiclosed mappings.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.I
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• pp.781-784
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• 2005

We have developed technology to fabricate large-size active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays with good color purity. Using these innovations, we have developed a 40inch diagonal WXGA AMOLED full color display. Because the TFT circuitry occupies a large portion of the pixel structure, an efficient white emission OLED is essential to integrate the device onto the active matrix backplane. The development of these technologies enables OLED displays to fulfill the requirements for larger size applications such as HDTVs

• 대한수학회보
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.439-450
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• 2019

Let R be a ring with unity. Given modules $M_R$ and $_RN$, $M_R$ is said to be absolutely $_RN$-pure if $M{\otimes}N{\rightarrow}L{\otimes}N$ is a monomorphism for every extension $L_R$ of $M_R$. For a module $M_R$, the subpurity domain of $M_R$ is defined to be the collection of all modules $_RN$ such that $M_R$ is absolutely $_RN$-pure. Clearly $M_R$ is absolutely $_RF$-pure for every flat module $_RF$, and that $M_R$ is FP-injective if the subpurity domain of M is the entire class of left modules. As an opposite of FP-injective modules, $M_R$ is said to be a test for flatness by subpurity (or t.f.b.s. for short) if its subpurity domain is as small as possible, namely, consisting of exactly the flat left modules. Every ring has a right t.f.b.s. module. $R_R$ is t.f.b.s. and every finitely generated right ideal is finitely presented if and only if R is right semihereditary. A domain R is $Pr{\ddot{u}}fer$ if and only if R is t.f.b.s. The rings whose simple right modules are t.f.b.s. or injective are completely characterized. Some necessary conditions for the rings whose right modules are t.f.b.s. or injective are obtained.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.165-167
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• 2005

Let M = (R, +, $\cdot$, <, ... ) be an o-minimal expansion of the standard structure R = (R, +, $\cdot$, >) of the field of real numbers. We prove that if 2 $\le$ r < $\infty$, then every n-dimensional definable $C^r$ manifold is definably $C^r$ imbeddable into $R^{2n+l}$. Moreover we prove that if 1 < s < r < $\infty$, then every definable $C^s$ manifold admits a unique definable $C^r$ manifold structure up to definable $C^r$ diffeomorphism.