• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.249-252
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of administration of Prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}$ ($PGF_2{\alpha}$) on semen collection training and semen characteristics in sexually inexperienced boars. Boars were moved individually to a semen collection pen and were trained to mount dummy sow. During the first and second semen collection secessions, 4 out of 17 boars and 4 out of remaining 13 boars allowed collection of semen. The 9 boars that failed semen collection from first 2 attempts received immediately 15 mg of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ i.m. (intramuscular injection) upon entering the collection pen for semen collection resulted in successful semen collection from all 9 boars. Total numbers of spermatozoa were higher in $PGF_2{\alpha}$ treated boars but there was no significant difference in % motility kinematics characteristics between control and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ treated groups during 72 hr period. Overall, administration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ in sexually inexperienced boars increased the sex drive and facilitated the mounting activity to the dummy sow for semen collection.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to find out the time to farrowing induction after PGF2$\alpha$ treatment, the rate of farrowing induction, the effect of kids born by the induced farrowing on birth weight and development with study on artificial control of parturition in Korean native goats. A total of 24 pluriparous goats were offered for this experiment. The animals were divided into 4 goats per treatment by administration time(142, 145 or 148 day of pregnancy) and dosage (5 or 7.5mg). The results obtained in this experiments were as follows : 1. The effect of synchronization of estrus was induced 23 goats(95.1%), 16 goats(66.6%) in the 1st treatment and 7 goats(28.5%) in the 2nd treatment PGF2$\alpha$ and exhibited estrus at a mean interval of 75$\pm$5 hours after PGF2$\alpha$ injection. 2. The time to farrowing induction after PGF2$\alpha$ treatment on day 145 or 148 was significantly(P<0.01) shorter than that of the 5mg treatment, but there was no significant difference(P>0.01). 3. Parturition was induced in all goats(100%) treated 5 or 7.5mg of PGF2$\alpha$ on day 148 and 7.5mg of PGF2$\alpha$ on day 145, but was induced 75% in treatment with 5mg of PGF2$\alpha$ on day 145 and 5 or 7.5mg of F2$\alpha$ on day 142. 4. The birth weight and development of kids induced farrowing was heaviest (P<0.01) on days 148 among treatment, but there was no significant difference in dosage.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the effects of prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}(PGF_2{\alpha})$ and prostaglandin $E_2 (PGE_2)$ on the expansion and hatching of bovine embryos. During the in vitro culture, embryos were cultured with the following groups: (1) 0, 1, 10 and 100ng/ml $PGF_2{\alpha}$ (2) 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml $PGF_2{\alpha}$, (3) low concentration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ ; low concentration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$, (1ng/ml : 1ng/ml), (4) low concentration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ : high concentration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ (1ng/ml : 10ng/ml) (5) high concentration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ : low concentration of $PGE_2$ (10ng/ml 1ng/ml) (6) high concentration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ : high concentration of $PGE_2$(10 ng/ml : 10ng/ml). In the results of this study, treatment of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ or $PGE_2$ did not affect in vitro development to blastocysts. However, the hatching rates of embryos cultured with 10ng/ml $PGE_2$(10.3%) and 1ng/ml $PGF_2{\alpha}$ 10ng/ml $PGE_2$(22.2%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in control (4.3% and 12.7%) and other treatment groups. All groups treated with high concentrations of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ showed decreased hatching rates. Thus, this results suggested that $PGF_2{\alpha}\;and\;PGE_2$ were concerned with the hatching in bovine embryos, and their effects on hatching were different by the concentrations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1516-1522
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• 2018

Atherosclerosis is an obstructive vessel disease mainly caused by chronic arterial inflammation to which the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the main pathological response. In the present study, the primary responsible inflammatory cytokine and its signaling pathway was investigated. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs was significantly enhanced by the prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ ($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$), while neither was affected by tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$. Prostacyclin $I_2$ was seen to enhance the proliferation of VSMCs while simultaneously suppressing their migration. Both prostaglandin $D_2$ and prostaglandin $E_2$ significantly enhanced the migration of VSMCs, however, proliferation was not affected by either of them. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs stimulated by $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ progressed in a dose-dependent manner; the $EC_{50}$ value of both proliferation and migration was $0.1{\mu}M$. VSMCs highly expressed the phospholipase isoform $C-{\beta}3$ ($PLC-{\beta}3$) while others such as $PLC-{\beta}1$, $PLC-{\beta}2$, and $PLC-{\beta}4$ were not expressed. Inhibition of the PLCs by U73122 completely blocked the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-induced migration of VSMCs, and, in addition, silencing $PLC-{\beta}3$ significantly diminished the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Given these results, we suggest that $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ plays a crucial role in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and activation of $PLC-{\beta}3$ could be involved in their $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-dependent migration.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1983

Estrus was induced and the therapeutic effect was examined with 25mg of PGF2$\alpha$ intramuscular injection and 3mg of PGF2$\alpha$ intraovarian injection to Holstein and Simmental cows which were raised in the large size stockfarms and the dairy farms, and were diagnosed to anestrus. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The estrus inducing effect observed in the cows treated by PGF2$\alpha$ was 83.3% with 25/30 heads in the intramuscular injection group, and 86.7% with 26/30 heads in the intraovarian injection group. 2. Average duration from PGF2$\alpha$ administration to the onest of estrus was 2.7 day in the intramuscular injection group, and 2.6 days in the intraovarian injection group. 3. In status of estrus in the cows treated by PGF2$\alpha$, vigorous estrus was 12.0%, normal estrus 60.0% and silent estrus was 28.0% in the intramuscular injection group, and vigorous estrus was 15.4%, normal estrus 61.5%, and silent estrus 23.1% in the intraovarian injection group. 4. Conception rate in the cows induced to estrus was 64.0% in the intramuscular injection group and 65.4% in the intraovarian injection group.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 1979

This experiment was carried out to clarify the practical use of farrowing induction with PGF2$\alpha$ in swine production. Total 320 heads of pregnant sow were used and the effects of administration time, dosage, administration method of PGF2$\alpha$ and parity of sow on the farrowing induction were investigated. The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as following: 1. Total 228 heads out of 240 head which were treated with PGF2$\alpha$ in order to farrow artificially were farrowed normally. the rate of farrowing induction was 95%. 2. Several farrowing symptoms such as restlessness, bloody eye, udder swelling, milk discharge and nest building for piglets were observed in a few minutes after administration of PGF2$\alpha$. 3. Artifical parturition of sow treated with PGF2 at the 113rd, 112nd, 111st, 110th and 109th day of pregnancy were induced 17.0$\pm$7.3, 24.2$\pm$7.0, 31.3$\pm$14.7, 43.0$\pm$12.2 and 62.2$\pm$15.7 hours after administration, and the duration of pregnancy was significantly (P<0.01) shortened by PGF2$\alpha$ anministration. 4. Minimum amount of PGF2$\alpha$ per head for effective farrowing inductin was considered to be more than 5mg, and the more the amount, the shorter time needed for farrowing induction was resulted. 5. Effective farrowing induction was obtained from the sow treated with PGF2$\alpha$ via vulvomucous rather than from the sow treated via intromuscular, and intervals from PGF2$\alpha$ administration to farrowing in 4th-6th farrowed sows were shorter than those of 1st-3rd farrowed sows but no significant difference was observed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.360-369
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• 2019

Cadherins are essential transmembrane proteins that promote cell-cell adhesion and maintain the corpus luteum structure in the ovary. This study examined the influence of prostaglandin F2 alpha ($PGF2{\alpha}$) on E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and adhesion in luteal theca cells (LTCs). The luteal cells were isolated from the mid-phase corpus luteum, and the LTCs were cultured separately from the luteal heterogeneous cells according to the morphology of the mesenchymal cells and to determine if steroidogenic and endothelial cells of LTCs, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ($3{\beta}$-HSD), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) mRNA were used. The LTCs were then incubated in the culture medium supplemented with 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ for 24 h, and the E-cadherin and N-cadherin proteins in the LTCs were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results revealed $3{\beta}$-HSD mRNA expression in the LTC but no VEGF2R mRNA expression. The E-cadherin and N-cadherin proteins of the LTCs were damaged in the 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ treatment groups, and the expression of the N-cadherin protein was reduced significantly in 0.01 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ compared to the 0 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ treatment groups (P<0.05). In addition, the number of attached LTCs were significantly lower in the 0.01 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ treatment group than in the 0 mM $PGF2{\alpha}$ treatment group (P<0.05). In conclusion, $PGF2{\alpha}$ affected the disruption of cadherin proteins and cell adhesion in LTCs. These results may help better understand the cadherin and adhesion mechanism during corpus luteum regression in the ovary.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2009

Prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}$ ($PGF_2{\alpha}$) can facilitate release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland. The objective was to extend these findings and determine the effects of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ on sexual activity and semen collection training in sexually inexperienced boars. Boars (n=32; $281{\pm}18$ days of age) were moved individually once weekly to a semen collection room equipped with an artificial sow. Before entering the semen collection room, boar received i.m. treatments of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ at doses of 5 (n=8), 10 (n=8), or 20 (n=8), and control boar (n=8) were not treated. Reaction time (elapsed time after entering collection pen until the start of mounting) for boars receiving 5mg ($3.3{\pm}0.9\;min$), 10mg ($3.3{\pm}0.8\;min$) $PGF_2{\alpha}$ was shorter (p<0.05) than for controls ($6.7{\pm}0.9min$). Duration of ejaculation (min) per session was longer (p<0.05) for $PGF_2{\alpha}$ (10 mg, 20 mg)-treated boars ($7.3{\pm}0.7\;min$, $6.9{\pm}0.7\;min$), compared to control ($3.4{\pm}0.8\;min$). The number of training session per boars was less (p=0.056) for $PGF_2{\alpha}$ 10mg-treated boars ($1.0{\pm}0.4$), compared to control ($2.0{\pm}0.4$). Semen characteristic such as volume, concentration, the number of total ejaculated sperm, were similar for $PGF_2{\alpha}$-treated and controls. There was no apparent difference on sperm movement characteristics (Mot: motility, VCL : curve linear velocity, VSL : straight line velocity, VAP : average path velocity, LIN : linearity) after semen preservation by collected with or without $PGF_2{\alpha}$ treatment. In summary, administration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ in boars increased the sexual activity and facilitated the training boars to mount an artificial sow for semen collection, but did not affect semen characteristic.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.2 s.20
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• pp.43-49
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• 1976

The facts that $PGE_2$ produced diuresis in the rabbit when given into a lateral ventricle of the brain and that $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ is abundantly found in the brain prompted us to investigate the effects of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ introduced directly into the ventricle on the renal function. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ given intraventriculary in doses of $10{\mu}g\;and\;100{\mu}g$ elicited prompt diuresis, 10-fold increase of sodium excretion and two-fold increment of potassium excretion. Free water reabsorption also increased along with the increased osmolar clearance. Neither renal plasma flow nor glomerular filtration rate did change significantly. This, along with the fact that the percentage of reabsorbed sodium filtered decreased from 99.5 to 93.9, indicates the tubular site of the diuretic and natriuretic action. Atropine pretreatment did not influence the renal effects of intraventricular $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$. Intravenously administered $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ in doses of 30 to $100{\mu}g$ did not produce any significant change in renal function. Intraventricular $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ had no effect on the systemic blood pressure, whereas intravenous administration brought about a transient hypotension. These observations suggest that $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ induces diuresis and natriuresis via central mechanism, that the site of the action resides in renal tubules, and that the reabsorption of sodium is inhibited in the proximal tubule, possibly through mediation of certain humoral agent. Overall, it is suggested that $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ might play a roll in regulating renal function through the center.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 2013

The corpus luteum is a transient endocrine gland essential for regulation of the ovarian cycle as well as for establishing and maintaining pregnancy. Prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ (PGF) initiates functional and structural regression of the corpus luteum and therefore is an important regulator of the estrous cycle. It is a matter of debate whether the endothelial cells of the bovine corpus luteum express PGFR, the cognate receptor for PGF. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the expression of PGFR in bovine endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were isolated from the bovine corpus luteum of the mid-luteal stage using magnetic beads and cultured in vitro. We demonstrate that this isolation procedure generates a pure culture of endothelial cells as confirmed by synthesis of Factor VIII and lack of expression of $3{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. By RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, we further show that the cultured endothelial cells produced PGFR. This model system can be utilized to provide an experimental system to investigate the role of PGF on endothelial cells during the reproductive cycle.