• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2006

In this paper, we obtain sufficient conditions for the oscillation of every solution of the difference equation $$x_{n+1}-x_n+\sum_{i=1}^{m}p_ix_{n-k_i}+qx_{n-z}=0,\;n=0,1,2,{\cdots},$$ where $p_i{\in}\mathbb{R}$, $k_i{\in}\mathbb{Z}$ for $i=1,2,{\cdots},m$ and $z{\in}\{-1,0\}$. Furthermore, we obtain sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of the equation $${\Delta}^rx_n+\sum_{i=1}^{m}p_ix_{n-k_i}=0,\;n=0,1,2,{\cdots},$$ where $p_i{\in}\mathbb{R}$, $k_i{\in}\mathbb{Z}$ for $i=1,2,{\cdots},m$. The results are given terms of the $p_i$ and the $k_i$ for each $i=1,2,{\cdots},m$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.245-248
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• 1998

The influence of refeeding either protein, carbohydrate or fat on hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA level in chicks which had been fasted for 2 days was examined. The hepatic IGF-I mRNA was measured by ribonuclease protection assay. Fasting reduced hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels to less than half of those in the fed control. When chicks were refed either a control, protein or carbohydrate diet, IGF-I mRNA levels significantly increased to those in the fed control until 2 hours of refeeding. Refeeding of fat did not alter hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels. The significant correlation between liver weight and hepatic IGF-I gene expression suggests that when chicks are refed after 2-d fasting, the acute increase in hepatic IGF-I gene expression brought about after refeeding may be partly regulated by the increase in liver protein metabolism.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 SiPM에 열진공증착법을 이용하여 증착한 미세기둥 구조의 CsI:Tl의 감마선 분광특성연구를 진행하였다. SEM장비를 사용하여 미세기둥 구조의 CsI:Tl의 두께와 각각의 CsI:Tl 미세기둥의 두께를 측정하였다. SEM 관측 결과 CsI:Tl의 두께는 $450{\mu}m$, $600{\mu}m$이다. SiPM에 $450{\mu}m$, $600{\mu}m$ 두께로 증착한 미세기둥 구조의 CsI:Tl은 표준 감마선원인 $^{133}Ba$, $^{137}Cs$를 사용하여 감마선의 분광특성 평가를 진행하였다. SiPM에 증착한 미세기둥 구조 CsI:Tl의 분광특성 평가는 $^{137}Cs$ 감마선 세기에 따른 응답 선형성과, 감마선 에너지 스펙트럼을 측정하였다. SiPM에 증착한 두께 $450{\mu}m$와 $600{\mu}m$ CsI:Tl은 감마선 세기에 따라 선형성을 나타났다. 또한 $^{133}Ba$과 $^{137}Cs$의 감마선 에너지 스펙트럼 측정 결과 $450{\mu}m$ 두께의 CsI:Tl은 $^{133}Ba$에 대한 특성이 좋게 평가되었고, $600{\mu}m$ 두께의 CsI:Tl은 $^{137}Cs$에서 우수한 특성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2023

Let R be a commutative ring, M be a Noetherian R-module, and N a 2-absorbing submodule of M such that r(N :_R M) = 𝖕 is a prime ideal of R. The main result of the paper states that if N = Q₁ ∩ ⋯ ∩ Q_n with r(Q_i :_R M) = 𝖕_i, for i = 1, . . . , n, is a minimal primary decomposition of N, then the following statements are true. (i) 𝖕 = 𝖕_k for some 1 ≤ k ≤ n. (ii) For each j = 1, . . . , n there exists m_j ∈ M such that 𝖕_j = (N :_R m_j). (iii) For each i, j = 1, . . . , n either 𝖕_i ⊆ 𝖕_j or 𝖕_j ⊆ 𝖕_i. Let Γ_E(M) denote the zero-divisor graph of equivalence classes of zero divisors of M. It is shown that {Q₁∩ ⋯ ∩Q_n-1, Q₁∩ ⋯ ∩Q_n-2, . . . , Q₁} is an independent subset of V (Γ_E(M)), whenever the zero submodule of M is a 2-absorbing submodule and Q₁ ∩ ⋯ ∩ Q_n = 0 is its minimal primary decomposition. Furthermore, it is proved that Γ_E(M)[(0 :_R M)], the induced subgraph of Γ_E(M) by (0 :_R M), is complete.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 1986

Breνibacterium divaricatum FERM 5948 균주로 부터 Bdi I 제한효소를 ammonium sulfate분획, DEAE-cellulose chroma tograph 그리고 heparin agarose chromatograph 방법을 거쳐 부분정제하여 그 효소적 특성을 관찰하였다. 분리한 Bdi I 제한효소는 pBR 322와 ${\lambda}$ DNA를 이용하여 인지부위를 알아본 결과 5' ATCGAT3'을 인지하는 Cia I과 isoschizomer였다. 또한 CIa I 으로 자른 ${\lambda}$ DNA가 Bdi I 으로 자른 pBR 322에 클로닝 됨으로 보아 Bdi I 제한효소는 T와 C사이를 잘라(5' AT CGAT 3') 5' pGG를 가지는 cohesive end로 만듬을 알 수 있었다. 이 효소의 최적활성온도는 $37^{\circ}C$ 였고 50 - 100 mM의 NaCl 농도에서 활성이 높았으여 150 mM이상의 농도에서는 활성이 저해되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.239-245
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• 1992

한국 재래식 간장의 독특한 맛을 생성하는 B. licheniformis SSA3-2M1 의 배양액으로부터 proteinase 를 정제한 결과 2 종의 proteinase 의 역가를 확인할 수 있었다. Proteinase I 의 역가는 II 보다 두배가량 되며 최적 pH 가 7-11.5 이었다. Proteinase I 의 역가는 II 보다 두배가량 되며 최적 pH 가 7-11.5 이었다. Proteinase II 의 최적 pH 는7-9 이며 proteinase II 는 I 보다 pH3-5 부근의 상성에서 더 안정하고 활성이 강하였다. Proteinase I 과 II 의 최적온도는 각각 50.deg.C 였으며, proteinase II 의 온도안정성은 30-45 .deg.C 온도범위에서 proteinase I 보다 더 안정하였다. Proteinase I 은 45.deg.C 에서 60% 가 실현되었으며 protein II 는 45.deg.C 에서 5% 가량 실활되었다. 염에 대한 영향은 proteinase I 이 염의 농도 25-35% 범위에서 proteinase I 보다 효소활성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. Proteinase 치는 casein 을 기질로 사용하였을 경우, proteinase I 은 6.89 mg/ml, proteinase II 는 9 mg/ml 의 $K_{m}$ 치를 나타내었다. 이결과는 proteinase I 이 II 보다 기질에 대한 친화력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 각종 금속이온의 농도 1 mM 에서는 Pb($CH_{3}$CCO)$_{2}$ 는 효소 활성을 증가시켰고 $ZnSO_{4}$, $7H_{2}$O, $K_{2}$$SO_{4}$, $HgSO_{4}$ 등은 저하시켰으며, 5 mM 이상에서는 $HgSO_{4}$ 와 $ZnSO_{4}$ 가 다른 염에 비해서 특히 효소활성을 많이 저히하였다. Proteinase I 과 II 는 대두 단백을 가수분해하여 peptide 와 아미노산을 생성하였으머 peptide 를 다시 아미노산으로 분해하였다. Proteinase I 과 II 는 한국재래식 간장의 중요 맛성분인 아미노산을 생성하는 주효소로 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2005

Purpose: To determine the role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) in the regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression in MG-63 cells and then to find the mechanism b which this regulation occurs. Materials and methods: MG-63 cells were grown to confluence in 60-mm dishes. To determine the effects of IGF-I on expression of VEGF mRNA according to time and concentration, the cells were treated with 10 nM IGF-I, following isolation of total RNA and Northern blot analysis after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours and after 2 hours of treatment with 0.5, 2, 10, 25, 50 nM IGF-I respectively, isolation of total RNA and Northern blot analysis were followed. To determine the mechanism of action of IGF-I, inhibitors such as hydroxyurea $(76.1\;{\mu}g/ml)$, actinomycin D $(2.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$, cycloheximide $(10\;{\mu}g/ml)$ were added 1 hour after treatment of 10 nM IGF-I. Results: 1. the expression of VEGF mRNA was increased with treatment of IGF-I. 2. The expression of VEGF mRNA was increased according to time-and concentration dependent manner of IGF-I. 3. The effect of IGF-I was decreased by hydroxyuera, actinomycin D, but not by cycloheximide. Conclusion: IGF-I regulate the expression of VEGF mRNA in the level of DNA synthesis and transcription. These results could suggest that IGF-I plays an important role in angiogenesis in the process of new bone formation and remodeling.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.653-666
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• 2007

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring (with a nonzero identity) and let M be an R-module. Further let I be an ideal of R. In this paper, by putting a suitable condition on $Ass_R$(M), we obtain some results concerning $I^{*(M)}$ and prove that the sequence of sets $Ass_R(R/(I^n)^{*(M)})$, $n\;\in\;N$, is increasing and ultimately constant. (Here $(I^n)^{*(M)}$ denotes the integral closure of $I^n$ relative to M.)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2001

Neuropeptide such as calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P may mediate neurogenic inflammation, but little is known about the regulation of neuropeptide release from rat spinal cord. Eugenol has been reported to reduce odontogenic pain and is known to have a structure similar to capsaicin, a potent stimulant of certain nociceptors. This study was done to examine the effect of capsaicin and eugenol on immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (iCGRP) release from rat spinal cord and whether eugenol regulates capsaicin-sensitive release of iCCRP or it evokes capsaicin-sensitive release of iCGRP. The dor-sal half of rat lumbar spinal cord was chopped into 200$\mu$m slices. They were superfused (500$\mu$l/min) in vitro with an oxygenated Kreb's buffer. The EC$_{50}$ of capsaicin on iCGRP release was measured. Eugenol (600$\mu$M and 1.2mM) and vehicle (0.02% 2-hydroxyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin) were administered prior to stimulation of rat lumbar spinal cord with capsaicin. The amount of iCGRP release from rat lumbar spinal cord was measured by radioimmunoassay. The results were as follows : 1. iCGRP release from rat lumbar spinal cord was dependent on concentration of capsaicin. The EC$_{50}$ of capsaicin on iCGRP release was 3$\mu$M. 2. In the vehicle treated group, capsaicin (3$\mu$M) evoked a 14-fold increase over basal iCGRP level. 3. Administration of 600$\mu$M and 1.2mM eugenol evoked a 2.2-fold increase and a 2.3-fold increase over basal iCGRP level respectively. 4. Administration of 600$\mu$M and 1.2mM eugenol increased capsaicin evoked release of iCGRP by more than 50%. These results indicate that eugenol evoke CGRP release from central nervous system and potentiate the pain-inducing action of capsaicin on it.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2005

Let ${\cal{L}}$ be a commutative subspace lattice on a Hilbert space ${\cal{H}}$ and X and Y be operators on ${\cal{H}}$. Let $${\cal{M}}_X=\{{\sum}{\limits_{i=1}^n}E_{i}Xf_{i}:n{\in}{\mathbb{N}},f_{i}{\in}{\cal{H}}\;and\;E_{i}{\in}{\cal{L}}\}$$ and $${\cal{M}}_Y=\{{\sum}{\limits_{i=1}^n}E_{i}Yf_{i}:n{\in}{\mathbb{N}},f_{i}{\in}{\cal{H}}\;and\;E_{i}{\in}{\cal{L}}\}.$$ Then the following are equivalent. (i) There is an operator A in $Alg{\cal{L}}$ such that AX = Y, Ag = 0 for all g in ${\overline{{\cal{M}}_X}}^{\bot},A^*A=AA^*$ and every E in ${\cal{L}}$ reduces A. (ii) ${\sup}\;\{K(E, f)\;:\;n\;{\in}\;{\mathbb{N}},f_i\;{\in}\;{\cal{H}}\;and\;E_i\;{\in}\;{\cal{L}}\}\;<\;\infty,\;{\overline{{\cal{M}}_Y}}\;{\subset}\;{\overline{{\cal{M}}_X}}$and there is an operator T acting on ${\cal{H}}$ such that ${\langle}EX\;f,Tg{\rangle}={\langle}EY\;f,Xg{\rangle}$ and ${\langle}ET\;f,Tg{\rangle}={\langle}EY\;f,Yg{\rangle}$ for all f, g in ${\cal{H}}$ and E in ${\cal{L}}$, where $K(E,\;f)\;=\;{\parallel}{\sum{\array}{n\\i=1}}\;E_{i}Y\;f_{i}{\parallel}/{\parallel}{\sum{\array}{n\\i=1}}\;E_{i}Xf_{i}{\parallel}$.