• 충청수학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2010

In this paper, we define the $M_{\alpha}$-integral and investigate properties of the $M_{\alpha}$-integral.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.661-674
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• 2014

In this paper, we define the $M_{\alpha}$-delta integral and investigate the relation between the $M_{\alpha}$ and $M_{\alpha}$-delta integrals on time scales.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2011

In this paper, we investigate some properties of the $M_{\alpha}$-integral and prove convergence theorems for the $M_{\alpha}$-integral.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2003

Bee venom is used as a traditional medicine for treatment of arthritis. The anti-inflammatory activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous partitions from bee venom (Apis mellifera) was studied using cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$) production, in vitro. COX-2 is involved in the production of prostaglandins that mediate pain and support the inflammatory process. The aqueous partition of bee venom showed strong dose-dependent inhibitory effects on COX-2 activity ($IC_{50} = 13.1 \mu$ g/mL), but did not inhibit COX-1 activity. The aqueous partition was subfractionated into three parts by molecular weight differences, namely, B-F1 (above 20 KDa), B-F2 (between 10 KDa and 20 KDa) and BF-3 (below 10 KDa). B-F2 and B-F3 strongly inhibited COX-2 activity and COX-2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, without revealing cytotoxic effects. TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$ are potent pro-inflammatory cytokines and are early indicators of the inflammatory process. We also investigated the effects of three subfractions on TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$ production using ELISA method. All three subfractions, B-F1, B-F2 and B-F3, inhibited TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$production. These results suggest the pharmacological activities of bee venom on anti-inflammatory process include the inhibition of COX-2 expression and the blocking of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$) production.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1992

유기용매 이상계에서의 thermolysin을 사용하여 아스파탐 전구체 합성시 pH, 온도, 기질농도, 그리고 유기용매상에 대한 수용액상의 부비피 ($\alpha$)등의 변화에 따른 기질의 분해 반응, 효소의 안정성, 그리고 Z-APM 합성에 미치는 복합적인 영향을 조사함으로써 반응조건의 최적화를 도모하였다. 유기용매 이상계에서의 L-PM.HCL의 자연분해는 수용액에서보다 훨씬 느리게 일어나며, 또한 $\alpha$가 증가할 수록 분해속도가 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.577-587
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• 2002

Let A be a commutative ring and M an Artinian .A-module. Let $\sigma$ be a torsion radical functor and (T, F) it's corresponding partition of Spec(A) In [1] the concept of Cohen-Macauly modules was generalized . In this paper we shall define $\sigma$-co-Cohen-Macaulay (abbr. $\sigma$-co-CM). Indeed this is one of the aims of this paper, we obtain some satisfactory properties of such modules. An-other aim of this paper is to generalize the concept of cograde by using the left derived functor $U^{\alpha}$$_{I}$(-) of the $\alpha$-adic completion functor, where a is contained in Jacobson radical of A.A.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3603-3609
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• 2011

A novel sampling method of the headspace poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mini-disk extraction (HS-PDE) was developed, optimized, validated and applied for the GC/MS analysis of spices flavors. A prototype PDMS mini-disk (8 mm outer diameter, 0.157 mm thickness, 9.4 mg weight) has been designed and fabricated as a sorption device. The technique uses a small PDMS mini-disk and very small volume of organic solvent and less sample size than the solvent extraction. This new HS-PDE method is very simple to use, inexpensive, rapid, requires less labor. Linearities of calibration curves for ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene by HS-PDE combined with GC/MS were excellent having $r^2$ values greater than 0.99 at the dynamic range of 6.06~3500 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) showed very low values. This method exhibited good precision and accuracy. The overall extraction efficiency of this method was evaluated by using partition coefficients ($K_p$) and concentration factors (CF) for several characteristic components from nutmeg and mace. Partition coefficients were in the range from $2.04{\times}10^4$ to $4.42{\times}10^5$, while CF values were 0.88-15.03. HS-PDE was applied successfully for the analysis of flavors compositions from nutmeg, mace and cumin. The HS-PDE method is a very promising sampling technique for the characterization of volatile flavors.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.1025-1050
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• 2007

Let $X_k(x)=({\int}^T_o{\alpha}_1(s)dx(s),...,{\int}^T_o{\alpha}_k(s)dx(s))\;and\;X_{\tau}(x)=(x(t_1),...,x(t_k))$ on the classical Wiener space, where ${{\alpha}_1,...,{\alpha}_k}$ is an orthonormal subset of $L_2$ [0, T] and ${\tau}:0 is a partition of [0, T]. In this paper, we establish a change of scale formula for conditional Wiener integrals $E[G_{\gamma}|X_k]$ of functions on classical Wiener space having the form $$G_{\gamma}(x)=F(x){\Psi}({\int}^T_ov_1(s)dx(s),...,{\int}^T_o\;v_{\gamma}(s)dx(s))$$, for $F{\in}S\;and\;{\Psi}={\psi}+{\phi}({\psi}{\in}L_p(\mathbb{R}^{\gamma}),\;{\phi}{\in}\hat{M}(\mathbb{R}^{\gamma}))$, which need not be bounded or continuous. Here S is a Banach algebra on classical Wiener space and $\hat{M}(\mathbb{R}^{\gamma})$ is the space of Fourier transforms of measures of bounded variation over $\mathbb{R}^{\gamma}$. As results of the formula, we derive a change of scale formula for the conditional Wiener integrals $E[G_{\gamma}|X_{\tau}]\;and\;E[F|X_{\tau}]$. Finally, we show that the analytic Feynman integral of F can be expressed as a limit of a change of scale transformation of the conditional Wiener integral of F using an inversion formula which changes the conditional Wiener integral of F to an ordinary Wiener integral of F, and then we obtain another type of change of scale formula for Wiener integrals of F.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.778-782
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• 2003

In the course of screening anti-influenza agents from natural products, four neuraminidase inhibitors were isolated from the methanol extract of mushroom Microphorus affinis by purification using solvent partition, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified as ${\alpha}-lupeol$, methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl oleate by means of spectral data including GC-MS, $^1H-,\;and\;^{13}C-NMR\;with\;IC_{50}$ values of 5.65, 7.07, 7.12, and $7.52\;\mu\textrm{M}$, respectively. They did not inhibit other glycosidases such as glucosidase, mannosidase, and galactosidase, indicating that they were relatively specific inhibitors of neuraminidase. The relationship between the fatty acid structure and inhibitory activity was investigated. The result showed that, in the case of an aliphatic linear hydrocarbon skeleton, at least one carboxyl (presumably any carbonyl) moiety and sixteen carbons were the necessary requirements for potent inhibition, whereas saturated, unsaturated, free, and ester forms did not have any significant effect on the activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 식품으로 애용되고 있는 적채가 가진 항산화 효과와 멜라닌 합성을 저해하는 tyrosinase 활성 억제 효과를 항노화 과정의 기초 자료로서 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 즉, 인지질 리포좀 내부에 적채의 용매별 분획물을 가하고 그 산화 지수를 구하여 각 항산화 효과를 측정하였으며, 적채의 ethylether 분획층인 BOMEE와 ethylacetate 분획층인 BOMEA의 결과 이미 항산화제로 널리 알려져 있는 BHT와 $\alpha$-tocopherol을 대조군으로 가하여 비교해 보았으며 이들에 비해 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 또 본 연구에서는 이미 알려진 항산화제인 vitamin C와 $\alpha$-tocopherol을 DLPC-리포좀에 가했을 때의 항산화 상승효과도 함께 살펴보았다. 즉, DLPC-리포좀에 BOMEE와 BOMEA 일정량을 가했을 때 이미 높은 항산화 상승효과가 나타났으며, vitamin C와 $\alpha$-tocopherol을 첨가시 더욱 높은 항산화 상승효과가 나타났다. 적채 분획물 단독으로 가했을 때에는 항산화 효과가 없었던 BOMH, BOMB 및 BOMA에서도 상승효과가 나타났다. DLPC-리포좀을 이용한 적채 분획물의 항산화 효과를 이미 공인되어 사용되고 있는 TBA가를 측정하여 비교 검토하였다. 발색정도를 비색 정량하여 유지의 산패도를 측정하는 TBA가를 이용한 실험 결과 DLPC-리포좀을 이용한 항산화 결과와 거의 비슷하였으며, 이 경우 BOMEE와 BOMEA에서 높은 항산화 효과를 나타냄으로서 불포화 인지질로 구성된 DLPC-리포좀에 시료를 첨가하여 항산화 효과를 측정한 본 실험의 결과가 TBA가의 결과를 통해 다시 한번 그 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 더불어 진행되는 활성산소의 증가로 인한 노화의 한 과정을 적채 중의 멜라닌 색소형성방지 효과의 면에서 연구 검토하였으며, 요즈음은 멜라닌의 합성을 억제하는 물질들에 대한 연구가 천연물을 대상으로 많이 이루어지고 있으므로 본 연구에서는 시험관 내 실험에서 적채 분획물 BOMH, BOMEE, BOMEA, BOMB 및 BOMA를 일정량 취하고, kojic acid를 10, 20, 30 및 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL의 농도로 각각 처리하여 tyrosinase 활성을 측정한 결과 특히 BOMEA층에서 농도 의존적으로 tyrosinase 활성억제율이 컸음을 관찰하였다. 이상 노화를 예방하는 항산화 및 멜라닌 색소 형성억제 물질을 연구 결과, 적채의 분획물 중 BOMEE와 BOMEA층에서 가장 두드러진 항산화효과를 나타내었고, tyrosinase 활성 억제 효과는 BOMEA층이 우세하였다. 이 결과에 의해 현재 식용 식품으로서만 상용되는 적체의 생리활성 성분 중 비극성 부분에서 노화를 억제시킬 수 있는 항산화제 및 피부의 흑화를 방지할 수 있는 미백제 원료로서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.