• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 2007

In this paper we study the numerical solutions of the stochastic functional differential equations of the following form $$du(x,\;t)\;=\;f(x,\;t,\;u_t)dt\;+\;g(x,\;t,\;u_t)dB(t),\;t\;>\;0$$ with initial data $u(x,\;0)\;=\;u_0(x)\;=\;{\xi}\;{\in}\;L^p_{F_0}\;([-{\tau},0];\;R^n)$. Here $x\;{\in}\;R^n$, ($R^n$ is the ${\nu}\;-\;dimenional$ Euclidean space), $f\;:\;C([-{\tau},\;0];\;R^n)\;{\times}\;R^{{\nu}+1}\;{\rightarrow}\;R^n,\;g\;:\;C([-{\tau},\;0];\;R^n)\;{\times}\;R^{{\nu}+1}\;{\rightarrow}\;R^{n{\times}m},\;u(x,\;t)\;{\in}\;R^n$ for each $t,\;u_t\;=\;u(x,\;t\;+\;{\theta})\;:\;-{\tau}\;{\leq}\;{\theta}\;{\leq}\;0\;{\in}\;C([-{\tau},\;0];\;R^n)$, and B(t) is an m-dimensional Brownian motion.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

Belamcandae Rhizoma (BR), the rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC., possesses various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity and antimutagenic activity. However, there have been no studies on the anti-amnesic effect of BR. In this study, we assessed the improvement effect of BR extract on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. ICR mice were administrated with BR (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and were subsequently injected of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before behavioral tasks (Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks). To further assess the possible mechanisms of BR, the ex vivo acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also evaluated. BR could ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory impairment and could regulate the cholinergic function by inhibiting the AChE activity. These data demonstrated that BR exert candidate extract against amnesia by restoring the cholinergic activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the whitening effects of hot water (AMPW) and ethanol (AMPE) extracts of Mangifera indica L. peel. To verify the whitening effects, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured. 9.51% inhibitory activity, and 35.98% inhibitory activity at 1,000 ㎍/ml. The effects of AMPW and AMPE on cell viability were measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Greater than 95% cell viability was observed at 100 ㎍/ml. Thus, subsequent experiments were performed at concentrations less than 100 ㎍/ml. The whitening effects were confirmed by measuring the protein and mRNA expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2, which are factors involved in melanin synthesis. Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that 100 ㎍/ml AMPW and AMPE showed superior inhibitory effects than the control treatment (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone only). Therefore, Mangifera indica L. peel extract had a whitening effect, and thus, has potential as a natural material for use in cosmetics.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.197-208
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• 2021

The deer antler has been used as a major drug in oriental medicine for a long time. Recently, the demand for easy-to-take health functional foods is increasing due to economic development and changes in diet. As part of research on the development of functional materials for antlers, lactic acid fermentation of antler extract was performed. It was intended to develop a functional material with enhanced total polyphenol and flavonoid content and enhanced antioxidant activity. Lactic acid bacteria fermentation was performed by adding 4 types of lactic acid bacteria starter products, B. longum, Lb. Plantarum, Lb. acidophilus and mixture of 8 types of lactic acid bacteria to the antler water extract substrate, respectively. During the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, the number of proliferation, total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging and antioxidant activity were quantified and evaluated. As a result of adding these four types of lactic acid bacteria to the antler water extract substrate, the number of lactic acid bacteria measured was 2.04~5.00×107. Meanwhile, a protease (Baciullus amyloliquefaciens culture: Maxazyme NNP DS) was added to the antler extract to decompose the peptide bonds of the contained proteins. Then, these four types of lactic acid bacteria were added and the number of lactic acid bacteria increased to 2.84×107 ~ 2.21×108 as the result of culture. The total polyphenol contents were 4.82~6.26 ㎍/mL in the lactic acid bacteria fermentation extracts, and after the reaction of protease enzyme and lactic fermentation, increased to 14.27~20.58 ㎍/mL. The total flavonoid contents were 1.52~2.21 ㎍/ml in the lactic acid bacteria fermentation extracts, and after the protease reaction and fermentation, increased to 5.59 ~ 8.11 mg/mL. DPPH radical scavenging activities of lactic acid bacteria fermentation extracts was 17.03~22.75%, but after the protease reaction and fermentation, remarkably increased to 32.82~42.90%.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2009

In this paper, we suggest a new technique which employ the pipelined architecture for the implementation of the SAP adaptive filter using variable step size. According as SAP adaptive filter is sufficiently decomposed, a simplified SAP adaptive filter can be derived, and the weights of adaptive sub-filters can be updated by a simple formular without a matrix inversion. The convergence speed and the steady state error of the simplified SAP adaptive filter are improved by using variable step size. For practical implementation, the simplified SAP adaptive sub-filters are transformed by the pipeline technique.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

The more a society becomes complicated and diversified along with the economic development, the more diverse l earning types the educational activities had beyond the existing educational approaches to cope with the complicated and diversified society. In particular, field studies and opportunity to use the dangerous educational appliances have been increasing in order to cope with the desires of education consumers requiring diversity and the individuality of students has been strengthened. In accordance with the trends above, the school accidents have been gradually increasing in recent days. Thus, this paper aims to propose the suggestions to teachers in real education fields by investigating the problems in compensation system of School Safety and Insurance Association against which the victim s of any school safety accidents firstly claim for the damages, the problems in the present system of the Association and how to improve the system in terms of the payment scope of the Association.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2012

FasL, perforin, $TNF{\alpha}$, IL-1 and NO have been considered as effector molecule(s) leading to ${\beta}$-cell death in autoimmune diabetes. However, the real culprit(s) of ${\beta}$-cell destruction have long been elusive despite intense investigation. Previously we have suggested $IFN{\gamma}/TNF{\alpha}$ synergism as the final effector molecules in autoimmune diabetes of NOD mice. A combination of $IFN{\gamma}$ and $TNF{\alpha}$ but neither cytokine alone, induced classical caspase-dependent apoptosis in murine insulinoma and pancreatic islet cells. $IFN{\gamma}$ treatment conferred susceptibility to $TNF{\alpha}$-induced apoptosis on otherwise resistant murine insulinoma cells by STAT1 activation followed by IRF-1 induction. Here we report that $IFN{\gamma}/TNF{\alpha}$ synergism induces apoptosis of human pancreatic islet cells. We also observed STAT1 activation followed by IRF-1 induction by $IFN{\gamma}$ treatment in human islet cells. Taken together, we suggest that $IFN{\gamma}/TNF{\alpha}$ synergism could be involved in human islet cell death in type 1 diabetes, similar to murine type 1 diabetes.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 2023

This study investigated the effect of the addition of pomegranate concentrate to yogurt on the growth of pathogenic and lactic acid bacteria. The concentration of the MRS broth was adjusted to one-half and used for an experiment. Pomegranate concentrate was added at concentrations of 4%, 2%, 1%, and 0.5%, which significantly promoted the growth of Lacto-coccus cremoris, Weissella cibaria, Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophillus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus lactis. The growth of lactic acid bacteria increased with higher concentrations of pomegranate. However, the addition of pomegranate concentrate inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli KCCM11587, E. coli KCCM11591, E. coli KCCM11596, and E. coliKCCM11600. Yogurt with added pomegranate concentrate demonstrated optimal conditions compared to that of the control without the addition. Particularly, the viable cell count of lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher in the yogurt with pomegranate concentrate. Furthermore, the viability of the lactic acid bacteria in the yogurt with pomegranate concentrate was higher than that of the control without the addition of concentrate during storage.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

With the distribution modernization policy advanced by the government and consumers preference toward it, the so called "modern market" has undergone rapid growth. Conversely, traditional market is losing popularity with consumers as a result of inadequate modern structures, small market size, convoluted relationships, inefficient operation and disordered transactions, among others. Therefore, this study seeks to utilize ubiquitous computing, that is, the upgrade of context aware information to 6W1H and promote the market through the interface with Smartphone and provide advanced information through the augmented reality technology. For the construction of context-aware system using user context, the results may significantly differ according to how reference rules are applied to and implemented on knowledge base. In light of above, through the use of RFID technology and 6W1H context awareness, we seek to promote traditional markets.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2021

This study was to find out the influence of urine cotinine in Korean adults on Cardiovasculardiseases using data from the seventh Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2016-2018. The subjects were 7,290. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, 𝞆2 test and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 26. The main findings were that 40-59 age, higher than 60 age, lower than high school level, Income status low, urine cotinine level under 50ng/mL, urine cotinine level 50-499ng/mL, Average cigarette per day over the 20 loosey, BMI 25g/m², no aerobic exercise, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease increased 9.0 times, 29.44 times,1.26 times, 1.68 times, 1.54 times, 1.56 times, 1.48 times, 2.06 times and 1.17 times, respectively. As a result, it is necessary to improve lifestyles such as obesity and lack of exercise, to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Korean adults, and to pay attention to older age groups and low socioeconomic groups.