• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

Three different diet were made with meat for Crossbred pig ($^{\circ}_{+}$, 195 days old, $l15{\pm}5\;kg,\;Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) and used as feed for rats after transformed into 12% protein, These diets include a pork not fed with tangerine peel during finishing period (Control, $T_0$), a pork fed with 3 and 5% tangerine peel during growing and finishing period, respectively ($T_1$), and a pork fed with 6 and 10% tangerine peel during growing and finishing period respectively($T_2$). The effects of the diet on physiological activities of rats were studied by feeding 17 weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats with the three diets for 4 weeks. The feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and weight of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad for the rats was similar among the diets. The total lipid level of liver was similar among $T_0,\;T_1\;and\;T_2$. However, it was found that $T_1\;and\;T_2$ had significantly lower triglyceride and cholesterol level than $T_0$(p<0.05). All the diet groups showed similar trends in terms of the serum total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level, and atherogenic index, hemoglobin level, and ${\gamma}-GTP$, ALT, AST and ALP activities.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2006

Diets consist of two different pork samples: pork of a Jeju native pig ( 260 days old, $101{\sim}103kg$ ) not fed tangerine byproduct during finishing period ($T_0$), and pork fed 8% and 15% tangerine byproduct during growing and finishing period ($T_1$), respectively. The effects of the diet on the physiological activities of rats were studied by feeding 17-week old rats with the two diets for 4 weeks. There was no significant difference between $T_0$ and $T_1$ in the rat's feed intake, feed efficiency ratio, and weight gain. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between $T_0$ and $T_1$ in the rat's weight of liver, kidney, spleen, epididymal fat pad, triglyceride and cholesterol of liver. Both $T_0$ and $T_1$ showed similar trends in terms of total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, atherogenic index, protein, glucose, hemoglobin level, mineral level, and ${\gamma}$-GTP, ALT, AST and ALP activities. However, $T_1$ showed the trend of increasing amount of the serum's HDL and LDL cholesterol level, compared with $T_0$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.789-794
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cassia tora ethanol extracts on carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following 4 groups: normal group, $CCl_4$, treated group, $CCl_4-0.25%$ Cassia tora ethanol extracts group and $CCl_4-0.5%$ Cassia tora ethanol extracts group. Rats were fed with each experimental diet and water for 5 weeks. Liver weights of rats treated only with $CCl_4$, were significantly increased compared to normal group, but not in rats fed diet containing Cassia tora ethanol extracts. Cholesterol and triglyceride contents in serum and liver were also not influenced by either $CCl_4$, treatment or the supplementation of Cassia tora ethanol extracts. $CCl_4$, treatment significantly increased ALP activities, however the supplementation of Cassia tora ethanol extracts significantly decreased the activities of serum ALT, AST, ${\gamma}-GTP$ in dose-dependent manner. Cassia tora ethanol extracts significantly reduced $CCl_4-induced$ elevation of liver TBARS contents. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were decreased by $CCl_4$, treatment, however by the supplement of Cassia tora ethanol extracts slightly increased activities of SOD and catalase. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in groups fed diets containing Cassia tora ethanol extracts was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group. These results suggest that Cassia tora ethanol extracts may exert protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ liver injury through the prevention of lipid peroxidation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 1999

To investigate the effects of Angelica gigas Nakai diet on lipid metabolism, alcohol metabolism and liver function of rats administered with chronic ethanol, Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed either AIN-76 diet (control), control diet with ethanol, control plus Angelica gigas Nakai diet, or control plus Angelica gigas Nakai diet with ethanol for 30 days. On the 21st day, all of the rats were given an oral dose of ethanol and blood-ethanol concentration was monitored for the next 5 hours. The results obtained were: 1) Upon ethanol administration, the blood ethanol concentration was decreased from 2 hr significantly in the group of control plus Angelica gigas Nakai diet compared with control diet group; 2) The blood ethanol oxidation rate was increased in the group of control plus Angelica gigas Nakai diet with ethanol compared with control diet group or control plus Angelica gigas Nakai diet group. After 30 days, rats were sacrificed and then lipid and enzyme determinations in blood and liver were carried out. The results obtained were: 1) LDL-cholesterol in the blood of control plus Angelica gigas Nakai diet group was decreased significantly compared with control diet group; 2) Angelica gigas Nakai diet decreased liver triglyceride and total lipid and blood ${\gamma}-GTP$ level increased due to the chronic ethanol administration. These data suggest that Angelica gigas Nakai can have a recovery function on the symptoms of alcohol related diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.480-486
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• 2012

To evaluate of biological activity of Chambirum ($Amaranthus$ $lividus$) $in$ $vitro$ and $in$ $vivo$, we investigated the free radical scavenging activity of its extracts $in$ $vitro$ and the effect of lyophilized powder on the serum lipid profile of rats fed cholesterol. ABTS, DPPH, and NO radical scavenging activities were tested from water and 80% ethanol extracts of Chambirum, and biological activities of the ethanol extracts were significantly higher than the water extracts. The total lipid and total cholesterol content of serum, atherogenic index (AI), and cardiac risk factor (CRF) were decreased significantly for the groups fed with a 5% and 10% supplement of Chambirum powder (HCA1 and HCA2) in comparison with the group fed cholesterol (HC). Triglyceride content decreased drastically in the HCA2 group, while its content was not decreased in the other group. HDL-cholesterol content was elevated in the HCA1 and HCA2 groups, but was not significantly different to the supplemented amount of Chambirum powder. GPT and ${\gamma}$-GTP activities were decreased significantly in the groups fed with Chambirum powder compared to the HC group. And the content of the lipid peroxide level was the same trend. Therefore, these results give evidence that Chambirum might be useful in the control of induced disorders by dietary cholesterol and/or lipids.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2006

Diets consist of two different pork samples: pork of a Jeju crossbred black pig not fed with tangerine peel during finishing period $(T_0)$, and pork fed with $6\%\;and\;10\%$ tangerine peel during growing and finishing period $(T_1)$, respectively. The effects of the diet on physiological activities of rats were studied by feeding 17 weeks old rats with the two diets for 4 weeks. The feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and weight of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad for the rats were similar among the diets. The total lipid level and triglyceride of liver were similar among $T_0$ and $T_1$. All of the diet groups showed similar trends in terms of the serum total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol level, and atherogenic index, hemoglobin level, and $\gamma-GTP$, ALT, AST and ALP activities. However, it was found that the cholesterol level of liver and the LDL-cholesterol of serum in $T_1$, was significantly lower than those in $T_0(p<0.05)$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3323-3332
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigated the effects of alcohol intake on blood pressure, serum lipids, liver function tests and obesity indices in middle-aged male workers. The 2,175 male workers aged 30-59 years who examined health checkup were recruited as the study subjects during the period between January to December, 2013. We observed the relationships between the amount of alcohol intake and blood pressure, serum lipids, liver function tests and obesity indices. As a result, the mean score of SBP, DBP, LDL-C and TG were significantly higher increasing with amount of alcohol increased, but HDL-C were significantly lower increasing with amount of alcohol increased. AST, ALT, ALP and ${\gamma}$-GTP were significantly higher increasing with amount of alcohol increased, but obesity indices were not significant. Age adjusted odds ratios(ORs) increasing with abnormal levels of SBP, DBP, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, AST and ALT were significantly increased in heavy drinking group than light drinking group. Above results suggested that the heavy drink related with blood, serum lipid levels and liver function test levels, but not find out with obesity indices.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Hovenia dulcis extract on acute and chronic liver injuries induced by alcohol and $CCl_4$ in mice and rats. Methods : In acute alcohol-induced liver injury, mice were administered Hovenia dulcis extracts (60 and 200 mg/kg) orally before and after alcohol administration. In chronic alcohol-induced liver injury, mice were administered alcohol containing liquid diet for 4 weeks. The mice were administered H. dulcis extracts (60 and 200 mg/kg) mixed with the liquid diet. In acute $CCl_4$-induced liver injury, rats received a single dose of $CCl_4$ (2 mL/kg in olive oil, intraperitoneally). Rats were administered H. dulcis extracts (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) before and after $CCl_4$ administrations. After the ends of the administrations, the serum levels of AST and ALT were measured using chemical analyzer, and ${\gamma}$-GTP levels were measured using spectrophotometer. Results : In acute alcohol-induced liver injury, H. dulcis extracts treated group showed significant reduction in ALT levels compared to those of control group. In chronic alcohol-induced liver injury, it inhibited weight-loss compared to normal group and showed significant reduction in AST, ALT and ${\gamma}$-GTP levels compared to control group. In acute $CCl_4$-induced liver injury, it also showed significant reduction in AST, ALT levels compared to control group. Conclusions : The results show that H. dulcis extract has hepatoprotective effect in acute and chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and acute $CCl_4$-induced liver injury. These findings suggest that H. dulcis could be a potent hepatoprotective agent.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.728-739
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• 1998

To improve wellness and quality of life by recognizing the health efforts of stress, the author estimated the relationships between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis through a questionnaire and a battery of specified laboratory tests; electrocardiography, blood pressure, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase$(\gamma-GTP)$, fasting blood sugar, gastro-endoscopy or UGI, abdominal sonography, etc. The data was gathered from 337 clients who were undergoing multiphasic screening program at a University Hospital from January to March 1998. The mean age of subjects was $46.5{\pm}11.2$ years and the mean of body mass index was $24.0{\pm}3.7kg/m^2$. The mean vol of stress was $18.5{\pm}6.0$ expressed as the score out of 40. By general characteristics and lift style among male, mean level of stress was significantly higher in case of lower socioeconomic status, habitual drug use, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, irregular meal, skip-ping breakfast(p<0.05). In case of female, that was significantly higher in case of lower education, lowe. socioeconomic status, longer daily working time(>10 hours), no regular exercise, drinkers, smokers, irregular meal, skipping breakfast(p<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between stress and subjective symptoms in all kinds of organ system (p<0.01). Correlation coefficients of stress among male were relatively high with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.476)$ and cardio-vascular symptom$(\gamma=0.361)$ in order, and correlation coefficients of stress among female was highest with neuro-psychiatric symptom$(\gamma=0.371)$. The prevalence of the diagnosis through the battery of laboratory tests was high in upper gastrointestinal disorders and hypercholesterolemia in order in both sex group. Among male the mean score of stress was significantly high in ulcerative peptic disorder of upper gastrointestine and hepatopathy in order (p<0.05) . Among female that was significantly high in diabetes mellitus. In summary, it is likely that there are associations between stress, subjective symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To promote wellness and quality of life it would be of value that periodic stress evaluation program and stress management including apropriate control of smoking and drinking, regular exercise and meal.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.684-692
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chongkukjang intake on lipid metabolism and liver function in ethanol consumed rats. Twenty one Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 4 weeks old were used as experimental animals, which were divided into three dietary groups; casein diet(CA), soybean diet(SB) and chongkukjang diet(CJ). Alcohol was consumed with water as 25%(v/v) ethanol solution. After 4 weeks of experimental period, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver samples for analysis of lipids, lipid peroxides, antioxidative enzymes and biochemical indices of liver function. The mean body weight, food intake and liver index were not significantly different among three groups. Serum level of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol of chongkukjang diet group was the lowest among three groups although the difference was not significant. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly(p<0.05) higher in chongkukjang diet group than that of casein diet group. LDL-cholesterol level of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. Liver TBARS of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. The superoxide dismutase activity of chongkukjang diet group was significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of casein diet group. Catalase activity was not significantly different among three groups. As indices of liver function, glutamic oxaloacetic transminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transminase(GPT), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase($\gamma$-GTP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were not significantly different among three groups. Serum alcohol concentration and activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were not significantly different among three groups. The chongkukjang diet seems to give a beneficial effect for improving lipid metabolism by increasing HDL-cholesterol level and SOD activity while reducing liver TBARS level. However, effect on liver function has to be investigated further.