• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.136-145
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• 1987

말똥 성게를 인공 수정시킨 후 column chromatography법으로 DNA polymerase $\alpha$를 분리 정제하였다. Sephadex G-200과 SDS polyacryamise gel electophoresis에 의한 DNA Polymerase $\alpha$의 분자량은 약 $137,000\~138,000$이였다. 효소활성의 최적 pH는 7.4였고, 칼슘이온 20mM, 나트륨이온 25mM에서 활성이 높았고, 마그네슘 이온은 10 mM 일 때 활성이 높았다. DNA polymerase $\alpha$는 N-ethylmaleimide, aphidicolin, cytosin $\beta-D-arabinofuranoside$ 5'-triphosphate (ara CTP)와 phosphonoacetic acid체 의하여 활성이크게 저하되었다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.529-541
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• 2005

An operator T belonging to the algebra B(H) of bounded linear transformations on a Hilbert H into itself is said to be posinormal if there exists a positive operator $P{\in}B(H)$ such that $TT^*\;=\;T^*PT$. A posinormal operator T is said to be conditionally totally posinormal (resp., totally posinormal), shortened to $T{\in}CTP(resp.,\;T{\in}TP)$, if to each complex number, $\lambda$ there corresponds a positive operator $P_\lambda$ such that $|(T-{\lambda}I)^{\ast}|^{2}\;=\;|P_{\lambda}^{\frac{1}{2}}(T-{\lambda}I)|^{2}$ (resp., if there exists a positive operator P such that $|(T-{\lambda}I)^{\ast}|^{2}\;=\;|P^{\frac{1}{2}}(T-{\lambda}I)|^{2}\;for\;all\;\lambda)$. This paper proves Weyl's theorem type results for TP and CTP operators. If $A\;{\in}\;TP$, if $B^*\;{\in}\;CTP$ is isoloid and if $d_{AB}\;{\in}\;B(B(H))$ denotes either of the elementary operators $\delta_{AB}(X)\;=\;AX\;-\;XB\;and\;\Delta_{AB}(X)\;=\;AXB\;-\;X$, then it is proved that $d_{AB}$ satisfies Weyl's theorem and $d^{\ast}_{AB}\;satisfies\;\alpha-Weyl's$ theorem.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2005

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.818-825
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• 2013

We isolated and functionally characterized the ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-subunits (ApCpnA and ApCpnB) of a chaperonin from Aeropyrum pernix K1. The constructed vectors pET3d-ApCpnA and pET21a-ApCpnB were transformed into E. coli Rosetta (DE3), BL21 (DE3), or CodonPlus (DE3) cells. The expression of ApCpnA (60.7 kDa) and ApCpnB (61.2 kDa) was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. Recombinant ApCpnA and ApCpnB were purified by heat-shock treatment and anion-exchange chromatography. ApCpnA and ApCpnB were able to hydrolyze not only ATP, but also CTP, GTP, and UTP, albeit with different efficacies. Purified ApCpnA and ApCpnB showed the highest ATPase, CTPase, UTPase, and GTPase activities at $80^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, the addition of ApCpnA and ApCpnB effectively protected citrate synthase (CS) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from thermal aggregation and inactivation at $43^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. In particular, the addition of ATP or CTP to ApCpnA and ApCpnB resulted in the most effective prevention of thermal aggregation and inactivation of CS and ADH. The ATPase activity of the two chaperonin subunits was dependent on the salt concentration. Among the ions we examined, potassium ions were the most effective at enhancing the ATP hydrolysis activity of ApCpnA and ApCpnB.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.420-429
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 식용 어류로부터 얻은 콜라겐을 효소 처리하여 글라이신-프롤린-하이드록시프롤린(Gly-Pro-Hyp, GPH)과 같은 트리펩타이드의 함량이 높은 콜라겐 가수분해물을 얻었고, 이 저분자 콜라겐 가수분해물(이하 콜라겐 트리펩타이드)의 피부 보습효과를 생체 외 실험(in vitro)과 생체 내 실험(in vivo)을 설계하여 증명하고자 하였다. 사람의 피부 섬유아세포 HDF 세포를 자외선 조사를 통해 인위적으로 손상된 세포를 만든 후, 콜라겐 트리펩타이드가 이를 회복시키는 정도를 몇 가지 보습인자의 활성과 발현량으로 확인하였다. Ceramide kinase의 효소활성은 콜라겐 트리펩타이드의 농도에 의존적으로 증가하였고, hyaluronic acid의 농도 역시 유의적으로 증가하였다. 더불어 히알루론산을 합성하는 유전자인 HAS2의 mRNA와 단백질 발현량이 시료의 처리양에 비례하여 증가하였고, 히알루론산을 분해하는 효소인 HYAL1의 수준은 콜라겐 트리펩다이드의 농도에 의존적으로 감소하였다. 상기의 효과는 1형 콜라겐을 합성하는 Collagen 1A 유전자의 단백질 발현량과 피부염증과 종양발생 시 증가한다고 알려진 CD44의 발현량의 확인으로 증명되었다. 유기용매의 도포로 피부건조를 유도한 동물모델을 사용하여 콜라겐 트리펩타이드의 피부에의 유효성을 평가하기 위해 경피수분손실량(TEWL)와 수분함유량을 직접적으로 측정한 바, 콜라겐 트리펩타이드 34 mg/kg bw의 고용량 처리군에서 가장 긍정적인 변화가 확인되었으나 17 mg/kg bw의 콜라겐 트리펩타이드 처리군에서도 수분함량에서 유의적인 변화가 관찰되었다. 이는 피부 건조로 유도된 가려움증에 대하여 동물이 자신의 몸을 긁는 행위를 계수한 결과와 같은 양상을 보였다. 또한 피부가 건조할 시 유도될 수 있는 염증인자인 $TNF-{\alpha}$와 IL-6의 단백질 발현량을 동물 피부 조직을 적출하여 확인하였고, 염색법을 통하여 피부 진피 내 탄력섬유의 변화를 가시적으로 제시하였다. 이 피부 조직에서의 Collagen 1A와 AQP3의 단백질 발현량 및 세라마이드 키나이제, HAS2, 그리고 HYAL1 효소활성 결과는 상기의 누적된 콜라겐 트리펩타이드의 보습 효과를 더불어 증명하여 주었다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구의 저자는 콜라겐 트리펩타이드가 피부 보습에 효능을 갖는 소재로서 활용가치가 높음을 알 수 있었으며, 현재 시장에서 유통되고 있는 분자량 1000 Da 이상의 콜라겐 가수분해물보다도 저분자화 되며 트리펩타이드를 다량 함유하는 상기의 소재가 증명된 유효성과 증가된 체내 흡수도에 근거하여 보다 확장된 가능성을 보여줄 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.189-193
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• 2012

To find diapause-related genes, we were performed by differential hybridization with three types of [${\alpha}-^{32}P$]dCTP-labeled total cDNA probes synthesized from diapause-prepared, diapause-maintained and diapause-activated stage of Bombus ignitus queen. Nine individual cDNA clones were found to be differentially expressed in diapause-maintained and diapause-activated stage. Among these clones, BIDC9(BIDC ; Bombus ignitus differentially expressed clone) was analyzed through full-length sequencing and expression pattern analysis. This clone was specifically expressed in the thorax organ. The effect of Juvenile hormone analog(JHA) and $CO_2$ treatment was examined. JHA treatment induced the expression of BIDC9 cDNA clone abruptly after 4 day of treatment. $CO_2$ treatment induced also the clone after 2 day of treatment. BIDC9 cDNA was identified as Bombus ignitus diapause gene contained an open reading frame of 1376 bp encoding 255 amino acids.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2009

본 연구는 콘 관입시험(CTP)과 딜라토미터시험(DMT)을 이용한 부산지역 점토의 최대전단탄성계수 추정($G_{max}$)에 관한 것이다. 이를 위해 부산신항 지역과 녹산지역에서 피에조콘 관입시험(CPT) 및 달라토미터시험(DMT)를 수행하였으며, 비교란 시료를 채취하여 hybrid oedometer 시험을 실시하였다. Oedometer 내벽에 장착된 벤더엘리먼트로 전단파 속도를 측정하여 최대전단탄성계수를 산정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 부산점토의 최대전단탄성계수와 구속응력, 간극비, 응력이력간의 관계를 파악하였다. 현장시험 및 실내시험을 분석한 결과, $q_t$와 $G_{max}$의 상관계수 ${\alpha}_G$는 소성지수에 반비례하는 것으로 나타났으며, $E_D$와 $G_{max}$의 상관계수 $R_G$는 ($I/I_D$)$(p_a/{\sigma}'_v)^{0.5}$와 비례관계를 나타냈다. 이러한 관계를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 CPT와 DMT 시험으로부터 $G_{max}$를 추정하는 방법을 개발하였으며, 제안된 방법은 부산점토의 최대전단탄성계수를 적절하게 예측하는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2000년도 국제심포지움
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• pp.10-12
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• 2000

Members of the glycoprotein family, which includes CG, LH, FSH and TSH, comprise two noncovalently linked $\alpha$- and $\beta$-subunits. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), known as PMSG, has a number of interesting and unique characteristics since it appears to be a single molecule that possesses both LH- and FSH-like activities in other species than the horse. This dual activity of eCG in heterologous species is of fundamental interest to the study of the structure-function relationships of gonadotropins and their receptors. CG and LH $\beta$ genes are different in primates. In horse, however, a single gene encodes both eCG and eLH $\beta$-subunits. The subunit mRNA levels seem to be independently regulated and their imbalance may account for differences in the quantities of $\alpha$ - and $\beta$ -subunits in the placenta and pituitary. The dual activities of eCG could be separated by removal of the N-linked oligosaccharide on the $\alpha$-subunit Asn 56 or CTP-associated O-linked oligosaccharides. The tethered-eCG was. efficiently secreted and showed similar LH-like activity to the dimeric eCG. Interestingly, the FSH-like activity of the tethered-eCG was increased markedly in comparison with the native and wild type eCG. These results also suggest that this molecular can implay particular models of FSH-like activity not LH-like activity in the eCG/indicate that the constructs of tethered molecule will be useful in the study of mutants that affect subunit association and/or secretion. A single-chain analog can also be constructed to include additional hormone-specific bioactive generating potentially efficacious compounds that have only FSH-like activity. The LH/CG receptor (LH/CGR), a membrane glycoprotein that is present on testicular Leydig cells and ovarian theca, granulosa, luteal, and interstitial cells, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gonadal development and function in males as well as in nonpregnant and pregnant females. The LH/CGR is a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors and its structure is predicted to consist of a large extracellular domain connected to a bundle of seven membrane-spanning a-helices. The LH/CGR phosphorylation can be induced with a phorbol ester, but not with a calcium ionophore. The truncated form of LHR also was down-regulated normally in response to hCG stimulation. In contrast, the cell lines expressing LHR-t63I or LHR-628, the two phosphorylation-negative receptor mutant, showed a delay in the early phase of hCG-induced desensitization, a complete loss of PMA-induced desensitization, and an increase in the rate of hCG-induced receptor down-regulation. These results clearly show that residues 632-653 in the C-terminal tail of the LHR are involved in PMA-induced desensitization, hCG-induced desensitization, and hCG-induced down-regulation. Recently, constitutively activating mutations of the receptor have been identified that are associated with familial male-precocious puberty. Cells expressing LHR-D556Y bind hCG with normal affinity, exhibit a 25-fold increase in basal cAMP and respond to hCG with a normal increase in cAMP accumulation. This mutation enhances the internalization of the free and agonist-occupied receptors ~2- and ~17-fold, respectively. We conclude that the state of activation of the LHR can modulate its basal and/or agonist-stimulated internalization. Since the internalization of hCG is involved in the termination of hCG actions, we suggest that the lack of responsiveness detected in cells expressing LHR-L435R is due to the fast rate of internalization of the bound hCG. This statement is supported by the finding that hCG responsiveness is restored when the cells are lysed and signal transduction is measured in a subcellular fraction (membranes) that cannot internalize the bound hormone.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2000

Members of the glycoprotein family, which includes CG, LH, FSH and TSH, comprise two noncovalently linked $\alpha$- and $\beta$-subunits. Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), known as PMSG, has a number of interesting and unique characteristics since it appears to be a single molecule that possesses both LH- and FSH-like activities in other species than the horse. This dual activity of eCG in heterologous species is of fundamental interest to the study of the structure-function relationships of gonadotropins and their receptors. CG and LH $\beta$ genes are different in primates. In horse, however, a single gene encodes both eCG and eLH $\beta$ -subunits. The subunit mRNA levels seem to be independently regulated and their imbalance may account for differences in the quantities of $\alpha$ - and $\beta$-subunits in the placenta and pituitary. The dual activities of eCG could be separated by removal of the N-linked oligosaccharide on the $\alpha$-subunit Asn 56 or CTP-associated O-linked oligosaccharides. The tethered-eCG was efficiently secreted and showed similar LH-like activity to the dimeric eCG. Interestingly, the FSH-like activity of the tethered-eCG was increased markedly in comparison with the native and wild type eCG. These results also suggest that this molecular can implay particular models of FSH-like activity not LH-like activity in the eCG/indicate that the constructs of tethered molecule will be useful in the study of mutants that affect subunit association and/or secretion. A single-chain analog can also be constructed to include additional hormone-specific bioactive generating potentially efficacious compounds that have only FSH-like activity. The LH/CG receptor (LH/CGR), a membrane glycoprotein that is present on testicular Leydig cells and ovarian theca, granulosa, luteal, and interstitial cells, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gonadal development and function in males as well as in nonpregnant and pregnant females. The LH/CGR is a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors and its structure is predicted to of a large extracellular domain connected to a bundle of seven membrane-spanning a-helices. The LH/CGR phosphorylation can be induced with a phorbol ester, but not with a calcium ionophore. The truncated form of LHR also was down-regulated normally in response to hCG stimulation. In contrast, the cell lines expressing LHR-t631 or LHR-628, the two phosphorylation-negative receptor mutant, showed a delay in the early phase of hCG-induced desensitization, a complete loss of PMA-induced desensitization, and an increase in the rate of hCG-induced receptor down-regulation. These results clearly show that residues 632~653 in the C-terminal tail of the LHR are involved in PMA-induced desensitization, hCG-induced desensitization, and hCG-induced down-regulation. Recently, constitutively activating mutations of the receptor have been identified that are associated with familial male-precocious puberty. Cells expressing LHR-D556Y bind hCG with normal affinity, exhibit a 25-fold increase in basal cAMP and respond to hCG with a normal increase in cAMP accumulation. This mutation enhances the internalization of the free and agoinst-occupied receptors ~2- and ~17- fold, respectively. We conclude that the state of activation of the LHR can modulate its basal and/or agonist-stimulated internalization. Since the internalization of hCG is involved in the termination of hCG actions, we suggest that the lack of responsiveness detected in cells expressing LHR-L435R is due to the fast rate of internalization of the bound hCG. This statement is supported by the finding that hCG responsiveness is restored when the cells are lysed and signal transduction is measured in a subcellular fraction (membranes) that cannot internalize the bound hormone.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.842-851
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• 1996

연구배경: Rifampicin(RFP)은 항결핵 단기지료의 근간이 되는 약제로서 RFP에 대한 내성을 다제약제내성의 지표로 보기도 한다. rpoB유전자는 RFP이 결합하여 약리작용을 나타내는 RNA poly-merase의 ${\beta}$-subunit을 coding하는 유전자이다. 다른 보고들에 의하면 RFP내성균주에서 rpoB유전자의 돌연변이가 관찰되고 특히 점돌연변이가 중요한 기전임이 알려지고 있다. 이에 저자는 rpoB유전자의 점돌연변이를 쉰게 관찰할 수 있는 PCR-SSCP법 을 이용하여 신속하게 RFP에 대한 내성여부를 확인할 수 있는지에 대하여 알아보았다. 방법: 전통적인 약제내성검사상 RFP에 내성을 보이는 25 배양균주와 RFP에 감수성인 27 배양균주 그리고 표준균주인 H37Rv를 대상으로 하였다. TR8, TR9 primer를 이용하여 rpoB 유전자의 511 codon에서 533 codon 부위를 포함하는 157bp의 DNA를 증폭한 후 폴리 아크릴아마이드젤 전기영동으로 PCR-SSCP를 시행하여 band의 이동양상을 비교하였다. 그리고 H37Rv 와 다른 band의 양상을 보인 균주에서 direct sequencing을 시행하여 H37Rv의 염기서열과 비교하였다. 또한 임상결과를 추적할 수 있었던 19예에서 임상결과와 전통적인 감수성검사 결과, 그리고 PCR-SSCP결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 1) PCR-SSCP결과로 RFP감수성 27균주 모두에서 H37Rv와 동일한 band의 양상을 보였고, RFP내성 25균주 모두에서 H37Rv와 다른 band의 양상을 보여서 전통적인 RFP 감수성검사와 rpoB유전자의 PCR-SSCP 사이에 100% 일치하는 결과를 보여주었다. 2) rpoB 유전자 돌연변이의 주된 기전은 점돌연변이였다. 3) rpoB 유전자의 PCR-SSCP 결과는 전통적인 RFP감수성검사나 항결핵치료의 임상경과와 잘 일치하였다. 결론: 결핵균 rpoB 유전자의 PCR-SSCP에 의한 돌연변이의 확인은 RFP내성 결핵균의 신속한 진단에 아주 유용한 검사로 기대된다. 향후 직접임상검체를 대상으로 한 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.