• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to understand the sex role identity and the meaning in life(MIL) of matriarchs and analyze their relationships to offer basic data for effective nursing strategies for improving MIL. The data for this study was collected from the 10th of August to the 30th of November, 2000. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs which is held in the Working Women's Center in Busan. The measurement tools of this study were MIL(unpublished)developed by researchers and sex role inventory designed by Kim Deuk Ran(1992). The results of this study were as follows: 1.Sex role identities of matriarchs were feminity 13.7%, masculinity 13.4%, androgyny 37.8% and undifferentiated 35.1%. 2. The mean MIL for matriarchs was $173.46{\pm}16.09$. 3. The levels of MIL were 57.2% of the subjects felt a loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, 42.8% were in pursuit of meaning but had not discovered it completely and 6.0% felt they had established meaning in life. 4.There were significant differences in MIL levels, concurrent to 4 types of sex role identities(F=11.93, P=.000). And according to Scheffe's post test, between feminity and masculinity, feminity and androgyny, masculinity and the undifferentiated, androgyny and the undifferentiated, there were significant differences. From the results of this study, most matriarchs felt loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, and the group with masculine sex role identity had the highest level of MIL. In conclusion, the factors related to masculine sex role identity are necessary to develop nursing strategies for improving levels of MIL.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate gender role identity and health behavior and to explore the relationship between gender role identity and health behavior among university student. Method: Participants were 245 university students who lived in Daegu. Each participant was administered the KGRII (Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory), and Healthy Life Style: A self-test provided by ODDHP National Health Information Center. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$-test with SPSS 11.0 PC Program. Result: 1. As a result of health behavior level, male students had more health risk behavior problems than female students in smoking(p=.00) and drinking (p=.03). Female students had more health risk behavior problems than male students in exercise and physical activity(p=.00). 2. For female students, feminity type (29.3%) was most common, subjects of undifferentiated type was 26.4%. For male students, masculinity type(32.4%) was most prevalent, and androgenic type was 31.4%. 3. Androginy typed group had more healthy behavior compared with other gender role identity typed group. In contrast, undifferentiated typed group had more high risk behavior compared with other typed group for all of health behavior. Conclusion: These results suggest that gender role identity is a stronger predictor of heath related variable than is sex of subject. Therefore effect methods to develop health promotion program should consider not only sex difference but gender role identity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.231-251
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the drop-out from the domestic violence offenders' treatment group programs in Korea, on the assumption that it would be an important challenge to prevent the domestic violence offenders from dropping out from their treatment group programs in order to protect the victim women and improve effectiveness of the programs. For this purpose, the researchers sampled a total of 280 domestic violence offenders who had participated in the domestic violence offenders' treatment programs operated by 65 domestic violence counselling organizations throughout the nation. As a result, it was found that 159(56.8%) out of the 280 offenders had completed the programs, while 121(43.2%) had dropped out from the programs. As a consequence of comparing the two groups, it was disclosed that they differed significantly in terms of cohabitation with spouse and attitude toward sex role. As a result of the logistic regression analysis for the factors affecting the drop outs from the treatment group program, it was found the significant factors were employment, path of being referred to the program and attitude toward sex role.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.775-782
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to Sex Role Stereotype of the viewpoint of 20's$\sim$30's womens. The investigators surveyed 284 women who aged twenties and thirties in pusan. For data analysis, we used Chi-Square Test, Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, T-test and ANOVA along with SPSS 12.0 package. The results of this study were as follow: First, the result of sex role stereotype according to vital statistics was difference all of variable accept for age. Androgyny type and man type highly showed in most variable. That was showed the change of Sex Role Stereotype. Second, the result of the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to Sex Role Stereotype of the viewpoint of 20's$\sim$30's womens were identified as 'pursuit of sense', 'pursuit of fashion', 'pursuit of individuality', 'secession of sex role', 'feminity'. Third, the result of the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to The vital statistics was difference with all of variable except for educational level. Forth, the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to sex role stereotype was difference with all of factor except for pursuit of sense'. Specially, 'pursuit of fashion' and 'pursuit of individuality' were important understanded the factor of feminization in men's fashion in Androgyny type.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2010

This study set out to investigate if work-family conflict and work-family enhancement would have mediating effects on the impact of gender role attitudes of women from double income households on their satisfaction of work and marriage. A structural modelof gender role attitudes was set as the independent variable, work-family conflict and work-family enhancement as the mediating variables, and work satisfaction and marriage satisfaction as the dependent variables. The subjects consisted of 2,713 married women from double income households and information was obtained from the first year data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF) collected by the Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI). Using SPSS 15.0 software, descriptive statistics were gathered, and frequency and factor analyses were conducted. AMOS 7.0 software was used to analyze both the measurement model and the structural model. The results indicate that work-family conflict and work-family enhancement had partial mediating effects on the impacts of gender role attitudes on work and marriage satisfaction among women from double income households. Notably, work-family enhancement had a greater effect than work-family conflict, which suggests that the elements of work-family enhancement, which are the positive aspects of work on family and family on work, should be promoted. It is, however, also important to make efforts to resolve work-family conflict by increasing the satisfaction level of work and marriage among women from double income households.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.248-258
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing nursing work performance among clinical nurses in the hospital. Methods: This descriptive correlational study collected data from 122 clinical nurses who were working in three tertiary referral hospitals in Busan. The data were collected, using self-reported questionnaires, from September 2 to October 14, 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Nursing work performance was significantly associated with resilience, innovation oriented culture, relationship oriented culture, and hierarchy oriented culture. The factors significantly influencing nursing work performance of the participants included relationship oriented culture (β=.27, p=.015), hierarchy oriented culture (β=.25, p=.003), resilience (β=.19, p=.035), and total clinical career (β=.18, p=.030), which explained 27.3% of nursing work performance (F=8.59, p<.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that there is a need to improve communication skills among multidisciplinary team members and to harmonize hierarchical and relational cultures in order to enhance nursing work performance. In addition, this study suggests developing interventions for enhancing the resilience of clinical nurses.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological variables related to sexual issues and sexual violence experiences by gender in university students. Methods: A self-report survey collected responses from 469 university students in three regions. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: While male students' scores on sexual assertiveness and sexual assault recognition were lower than female students', their scores on gender role stereotype and sexual violence permissiveness were higher. Female students' sexual violence victims were higher than male students', however, their scores on sexual violence perpetrations were lower than male students'. Sexual violence victims and perpetrations experiences were significantly related to sexual assault recognition and sexual violence permissiveness in male and female students. There were significant relationships between sexual violence perpetrations experiences and gender role stereotypes in male students, while there were significant relationships between sexual violence victims and inflictions experiences and sexual assertiveness in female students. Conclusion: The present study suggests that differentiated programs for preventing or arbitrating sexual violence should be developed and applied by gender because there were differences between male and female students in the level of psychological variables related to sexual issues and sexual violence experiences.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.249-257
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between analysis of rape myths acceptance and gender role stereotype among university students. Method: First-year students at two three-year colleges in Jeonnam and two three-year colleges in Jeonbuk (n=406) were selected by convenience sampling. Of these, responses from 386 (95.8%) were analyzed. Result: Rape myths acceptance in male students was significantly higher than female students (t=5.400, p=.00). In terms of gender role stereotype, male students were significantly higher than female students (t=3.869, p<.001). The relationship between rape myths acceptance and gender role stereotype was in the middle range of correlation: male students' correlation coefficient was r=.520 (=p<.001), and female students' was r=.524 (p=<.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that university students' attitudes toward sex have not been properly established yet. Moreover, they highlight that in our society there still exists a male dominated social structure and inequality of sexes. To prevent sexual violation from occurring at the universities, it is necessary that programs to establish proper attitudes of students toward these two factors, should be developed and the results monitored frequently. In addition, cross sectional studies aimed at understanding rape myths acceptance and gender role stereotypes are needed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

The illustrations in elementary science textbooks and experimental workbooks based on the 7th national curriculum were analyzed for gender-role stereotyping, and compared with those of the 6th curriculum. The frequencies of men and women who appeared on text illustrations were counted and the types of roles assigned to males and females were investigated. The results were as follows. 1) The 7th national curriculum textbooks contained double the numer of illustrations in the textbooks based on the 6th curriculum. 2) Boys and girls were illustrated in 'learning activities' with equal frequency, but boys were more frequently represented than girls in illustrations of 'other' activities. 3) Both boys and girls were generally depicted in 'active' processes and the ratio of 'passive girl' illustrations decreased as compared with the 6th national curriculum. 4) Male adults were more frequently represented than female adults in both textbooks and experimental workbooks. 5) 40% of female adults were illustrated doing housework, while male adults were rarely illustrated in such a role.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.295-301
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gender role identity on major choice, and preference and choice of job for applicants of dental hygiene department. Methods: The subjects were 202 high school girl students visiting K university in October, 2014 and in January, 2015 for the interview of early and regular admission to the university. The questionnaire consisted of 3 questions of general characteristics of the subjects, 40 questions of gender role identity, and 6 questions of career choice factors. Gender role identity included 15 questions of masculinity, 15 questions of feminity, and 10 questions of neutral gender using instrument of Kim by Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha of masculinity, feminity, and neutral gender was 0.810, 0.762, and 0.801 respectively. The data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test with SPSS Win 12.0. Results: The effects of gender role identity on major choice and professionalism were as follows. In major choice motivation, psychological type, feminity type and masculinity types selected aptitude, professional sustainability and recommendation by acquaintance in order, but undifferentiated type selected aptitude, recommendation by acquaintance and professional sustainability in order. There was a statistically significant difference(p<0.05). In major choice information, psychological, feminity and undifferentiated types prefer indirect experience but masculinity type prefers direct experience. There was a statistically significant difference(p<0.05) In job selection, psychological, feminity and undifferentiated types want to do assistant works rather than oral health prevention and education. Masculinity type want to do oral health prevention and education rather than assistant work. There was a statistically significant difference(p<0.001). Conclusions: The gender role identity affected the factors related to choice of major and job in dental hygiene major applicants. It is necessary to provide the career choice program for the high school students by personality types and gender role identity types.